1 Carbon! Why it’s cool, and what it can do. 2 ORGANIC = FROM A LIVING SOURCE, OR CONTAINING...

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1 Carbon! Carbon! Why it’s cool, Why it’s cool, and what it can and what it can do do

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Transcript of 1 Carbon! Why it’s cool, and what it can do. 2 ORGANIC = FROM A LIVING SOURCE, OR CONTAINING...

Page 1: 1 Carbon! Why it’s cool, and what it can do. 2 ORGANIC = FROM A LIVING SOURCE, OR CONTAINING CARBON The fact that Carbon needs 4 electrons to complete.

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Carbon!Carbon!Why it’s cool, and Why it’s cool, and

what it can dowhat it can do

Page 2: 1 Carbon! Why it’s cool, and what it can do. 2 ORGANIC = FROM A LIVING SOURCE, OR CONTAINING CARBON The fact that Carbon needs 4 electrons to complete.

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ORGANIC = FROM A LIVING ORGANIC = FROM A LIVING SOURCE, OR CONTAINING CARBONSOURCE, OR CONTAINING CARBON

• The fact that Carbon needs 4 electrons to complete its valence shell means it has 4 “connection spots”

• It can also do neat things like:– form long chains or rings– form especially strong & stable bonds

(covalent)– Can be the “anchor piece” for very large

molecules

Page 3: 1 Carbon! Why it’s cool, and what it can do. 2 ORGANIC = FROM A LIVING SOURCE, OR CONTAINING CARBON The fact that Carbon needs 4 electrons to complete.

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Carbon Ring

Carbon Chains

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Monomers & Polymers: Monomers & Polymers: when carbons get togetherwhen carbons get together

• Monomer: small, simple molecule (beads)

• Polymer: larger, more complex molecules made from monomers strung together. (necklace)

monomer + monomer + monomer =

Polymer

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Very large polymers made from Carbon-based chains are called

MACROMOLECULES“Macro” = giant

(so, “giant molecule”)

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How do monomers come together How do monomers come together to form a polymer?to form a polymer?

Dehydration Synthesis:

This is a chemical reaction where two monomers join

together and release water.

Dehydration synthesis is a “building up” or anabolic

reaction.

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How do polymers break down into How do polymers break down into monomers?monomers?

Hydrolysis:This is a chemical reaction in which water

is added and splits a polymer back into monomers.

Hydrolysis is a “breaking down” or catabolic reaction.

Dehydration Synthesis-Hydrolysis

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MACROMOLECULES come in MACROMOLECULES come in different varietiesdifferent varieties

4 important groups:

–Carbohydrates–Proteins–Lipids–Nucleic Acids

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What type of macromolecule is shown here?

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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates• Monomer = monosaccharide

– Ex: glucose, sucrose, fructose• Function: energy, structure, fuel

storage, strength • Example: Sugar, • cellulose Polysaccharide• (crunchy part of plants), starch (plant

energy storage), glycogen (animal muscle energy)

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What type is shown here? (Okay, there a

few “hints”.)

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ProteinsProteins• Monomer = amino acid• Function

– Structure (bones, muscles, etc.)– Fight disease– Control rates of reaction– Transport substances in & out of the cellExample: Insulin, hormones (chemical

messengers)

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What type of macromolecule is shown here?

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LipidsLipids• Monomer: fatty acids on a “glycerol

backbone”• Function:

– Chemical messengers (steroids)– Insulation and cushioning– Compact, long-lasting energy source– Make up cell membrane

• Examples:– Triglycerides (fats)– Phospholipids (cell membrane fats)– Wax– Oils– Steroids

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Saturated fats have only Saturated fats have only singlesingle bonds in their fatty acid bonds in their fatty acid “tail”.“tail”.

UnUnsaturated fats have one or more saturated fats have one or more doubledouble bonds in their bonds in their fatty acid tail.fatty acid tail.

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Can you identify this type of macromolecule?

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Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

• Monomer = nucleotide• Function:

– Store & transmit Hereditary information– Direct growth & development– Use to construct proteins (RNA) Examples: DNA and RNA


Biochemistry 2-3 CARBON COMPOUNDS. Chemistry of carbon 4 valence electrons (highly bondable!) Carbon can bond with carbon and form long chains

Biochemistry 2-3 CARBON COMPOUNDS. Chemistry of carbon 4 valence electrons (highly bondable!) Carbon can bond with carbon and form long chains

Carbon Chemistry. Carbon: a.) has 4 outer electrons so it can combine with up to four other elements. b.) makes very strong bonds with other carbon atoms.

Carbon Chemistry. Carbon: a.) has 4 outer electrons so it can combine with up to four other elements. b.) makes very strong bonds with other carbon atoms.

Organic Chemistry Chapter 22-23. Organic Chemistry Study of carbon-based compounds Carbon has 4 valence electrons Carbon always forms 4 covalent bonds.

Organic Chemistry Chapter 22-23. Organic Chemistry Study of carbon-based compounds Carbon has 4 valence electrons Carbon always forms 4 covalent bonds.

Organic Compounds!. “Built” around Carbon Carbon has 4 valence electrons Forms: Single Double Triple bonds.

Organic Compounds!. “Built” around Carbon Carbon has 4 valence electrons Forms: Single Double Triple bonds.

Cool video clip! Housekeeping Intro to Electromagnetic Waves and Electrons › Netbook research activity › Mini presentations Homework: None for.

Cool video clip! Housekeeping Intro to Electromagnetic Waves and Electrons › Netbook research activity › Mini presentations Homework: None for.

Biochemistry Notes. Carbon Organic molecules contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbon has 4 electrons available for bonding.

Biochemistry Notes. Carbon Organic molecules contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbon has 4 electrons available for bonding.

“A Cool Look at Global Warming” - The Carbon Sense ...carbon-sense.com/.../uploads/2011/06/a-cool-look-at-global-warming.pdfmake Planet Earth liveable ... One of the “Big Polluters”

“A Cool Look at Global Warming” - The Carbon Sense ...carbon-sense.com/.../uploads/2011/06/a-cool-look-at-global-warming.pdfmake Planet Earth liveable ... One of the “Big Polluters”

cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com · Web viewThe Chemistry of Carbon Carbon has exactly _____ total electrons but ____ of those electrons are in its outer shell. This makes it easy for Carbon

cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com · Web viewThe Chemistry of Carbon Carbon has exactly _____ total electrons but ____ of those electrons are in its outer shell. This makes it easy for Carbon

Chemistry of Life. Carbon Carbon has four valence electrons which results in 4 covalent bonds.

Chemistry of Life. Carbon Carbon has four valence electrons which results in 4 covalent bonds.

Photosynthesis I. The nature of carbon, energy, light, and electrons A. Carbon and energy B. Nature of light C. Nature of electrons II. Leaf and Chloroplast.

Photosynthesis I. The nature of carbon, energy, light, and electrons A. Carbon and energy B. Nature of light C. Nature of electrons II. Leaf and Chloroplast.

The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Carbon atoms have four valence electrons.

The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Carbon atoms have four valence electrons.

Carbon!!! chapter 25!! why is carbon so cool - it has a lot to do with the valance electrons and their oh so cool arrangement. because there are four,

Carbon!!! chapter 25!! why is carbon so cool - it has a lot to do with the valance electrons and their oh so cool arrangement. because there are four,

Biochemistry!!!! Chapter 3. Organic Chem. Review – What element is in most organic compounds? CARBON How many valence electrons does carbon have?

Biochemistry!!!! Chapter 3. Organic Chem. Review – What element is in most organic compounds? CARBON How many valence electrons does carbon have?

Carbon Compounds Section 2.3. Chemistry of Carbon Carbon atoms have 4 valance electrons, which allows them to form strong covalent bonds with many other.

Carbon Compounds Section 2.3. Chemistry of Carbon Carbon atoms have 4 valance electrons, which allows them to form strong covalent bonds with many other.

Chemical Nature of Carbon Valence electrons? Ionic bonding? Number of bonds?

Chemical Nature of Carbon Valence electrons? Ionic bonding? Number of bonds?

I. Let’s Talk About CARBON!! Carbon atoms have: 6 protons 6 neutrons 6 electrons (when neutral)

I. Let’s Talk About CARBON!! Carbon atoms have: 6 protons 6 neutrons 6 electrons (when neutral)

BIOCHEMISTRY pp. 51-60. CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON BONDING Has 4 electrons in the outer level so it can bond 4 times Has 4 electrons in the outer level so.

BIOCHEMISTRY pp. 51-60. CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON BONDING Has 4 electrons in the outer level so it can bond 4 times Has 4 electrons in the outer level so.

IB BIOLOGY. Atoms form molecules/compounds Bonds: covalent (atoms share electrons) or ionic (atoms give/receive electrons). H - Hydrogen C - Carbon Na.

IB BIOLOGY. Atoms form molecules/compounds Bonds: covalent (atoms share electrons) or ionic (atoms give/receive electrons). H - Hydrogen C - Carbon Na.

Biochemistry Notes. Carbon Organic molecules contain carbon. Carbon has 4 electrons available for bonding.

Biochemistry Notes. Carbon Organic molecules contain carbon. Carbon has 4 electrons available for bonding.

Biochemistry Chapter 2 Sections 3 & 4. Carbon Why is carbon so special? Atomic # 6 4 valence electrons Electrons in outermost shell that are available.

Biochemistry Chapter 2 Sections 3 & 4. Carbon Why is carbon so special? Atomic # 6 4 valence electrons Electrons in outermost shell that are available.