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Transcript of 1 Bus topology network. 2 Data is sent to all computers, but only the destination computer accepts...
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Bus topology network
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Data is sent to all computers, but only the destination computer accepts
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Simple star network
Hub
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Simple ring network showing logical ring
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A computer grabs the token and passes it around the ring
40080865402
Data
Data
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Hub showing the internal ring and clockwise token path
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FDDI uses a dual-ring topology
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A hub is the central point in a star topology
Hub
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Hybrid hub
Main Hub
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A break or unplugged cable takes down only the unplugged computer
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The seven-layer OSI model
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The OSI model showing the layers of protocols
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Initiates a request or accepts a request
Adds formatting, display, and encryptioninformation to the packet
Adds traffic flow information to determine when the packet gets sent
Adds error-handling information
Sequencing and address information is added to the packet
Adds error-checking information and prepares data for going on to the physical connection
Packet sent as a bit stream
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Project 802 Logical Link Control and Media Access Control sublayers
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Communication between the network adapter card and network software
Virtual communications
Virtual communications
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A bridge connecting two networks
Segment 1
Segment 2
Bridge
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The routing table keeps track of addresses
Segment 1
Segment 2
Bridge
RoutingTable
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Routers work at the Network layer
Router
Bridge
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How Networks Send Data
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Large continuous streams of data slow down the network
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Breaking data in packets
Data
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Packet components
Header Data Trailer
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The complete packet
Application Header
Presentation Header
Session Header
Transport Header
Network Header
Data Link Header
Frame Preamble
Data Link Trailer (CRC)
Data
Packet
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Packet creation process
Data Data
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Introduction to TCP/IP
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What Is TCP/IP?
1965 1970 1980 1985
APANETcommissioned
by DOD1969
1975
Telnet1972
FTP1973
TCP1974
IP1981
TCP/IPProtocol Suite1982
DNS1984
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The Internet Standards Process
The Responsibility of the Internet Society (ISOC)
Governed by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
TCP/IP Standards are Published in Request for Comments
Five Classifications of RFCs
Required, recommended, elective, limited, use, not recommended
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TCP/IP Utilities
LPQLPQ
FTPFTP TFTPTFTP RCPRCP TelnetTelnet
RSHRSH REXECREXEC LPRLPR
NBTSTATNBTSTAT ROUTEROUTE TRACERTTRACERT ARPARP FingerFinger
PINGPING IPCONFIGIPCONFIG NSLOOKUPNSLOOKUP HOSTNAMEHOSTNAME NETSTATNETSTAT
LPDLPD
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Configuring TCP/IP Manually
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Testing Microsoft TCP/IP with IPCONFIG and PING
Start IPCONFIG
Ping 127.0.0.1(Loopback Address)
Ping IP Address of the Local Host
1
2
3
Ping IP Address ofDefault Gateway
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Ping IP Address ofRemote Host
5End
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Architectural Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
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The Microsoft TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Transport
ApplicationWindows® SocketsApplications
Windows® SocketsApplications
NetBIOSApplications
NetBIOSApplications
NetBIOSNetBIOS over TCP/IP
TCPTCP UDPUDP
IPIPICMP
ARP
Internet
LAN Technologies:Ethernet, Token Ring ,
FDDI
LAN Technologies:Ethernet, Token Ring ,
FDDI
WAN Technologies:Serial Lines, Frame Relay ,
ATM
WAN Technologies:Serial Lines, Frame Relay ,
ATM
Network
Sockets TDI
IGMP
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Network Interface Technologies
IP Over LAN Technologies
Ethernet
Token ring
ARCnet
FDDI
IP Over WAN Technologies
Serial lines
Packet switched networks
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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Successful Mapping of an IP Address to a Hardware Address
Address Resolution Is the Function of ARP
ARP Uses a Local Broadcast to Obtain a Hardware Address
Address Mappings Are Stored in a Cache for Future Reference
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Resolving a Local IP Address
ARP CacheARP Cache
131.107.7.7 08004. . .131.107.7.28 08004. . .
131.107.7.7 08004. . .131.107.7.28 08004. . .
ARP CacheARP Cache
131.107.7.7 08004. . . 131.107.7.7 08004. . .
ARPBroadcast
ARPBroadcast
4444IP Address = 131.107.7.28
Hardware Address = 08004. . .IP Address = 131.107.7.29
Hardware Address = 08007. . .
3333
Hardware Address = 08007. . .
2222
1111
ping 131.107.7.29ping 131.107.7.29
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Resolving a Remote IP Address
A Router BARP
Broadcast for Router A
ARPBroadcast for
Router A
ARPfor Router B
ARPfor Router B
IP Address = 131.107.3.24Hardware Address = 08004. . .
IP Address = 131.107.7.29Hardware Address = 08009. . .
ARP CacheARP Cache
131.107.7.7 08009. . .131.107.7.1 08006. . .
131.107.7.7 08009. . .131.107.7.1 08006. . .ARP CacheARP Cache
131.107.3.7 08004. . . 131.107.3.7 08004. . .
4444
1111
131.107.3.108005...
131.107.7.108006...
2222 5555
ping 131.107.7.29ping 131.107.7.29
ARP CacheARP Cache
3333
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The ARP Cache
IP AddressIP AddressHardware AddressHardware AddressIP AddressIP AddressHardware AddressHardware Address
131.107.255.255= FFFFFFFFFFFF
131.107.3.5= 080009654321
131.107.3.29=080004321371 131.107.3.29=080004321371
131.107.78.3= 080006723111
131.107.9.4= 080002345621
131.107.7.29=080009654441 131.107.7.29=080009654441
2222
1111
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Multimedia Presentation: TCP/IP Architecture
showshow
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Internet Protocol (IP)
Addresses and Routes Packets
Connectionless
No session is established
Nonguaranteed “Best Effort” Delivery
Reliability Is the Responsibility of Higher-Layer Protocols and Applications
Fragments and Reassembles Packets
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IP on the Router
Decrements the TTL
Fragments Large Packets Into Smaller Packets
Creates a New Header for Each New Packet
Flag
Fragment ID
Fragment offset
Calculates a New Checksum
Obtains the Hardware Address of the Next Router
Forwards the Packet
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Transport
Application
Internet
Network
Ports and Sockets
TFTPServer
WebServer
0 . . . 65536 0 . . . 65536
TCP Ports20,21
UDP Port69
TCP Port80
Windows Sockets Interface
WebBrowser
TCP Port1210
TCP UDP
IP
FTPServer
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Connection-oriented
Session is established before exchanging data
Reliable Delivery
Sequence numbers
Acknowledgments (ACKs)
Byte-Stream Communications
Uses Port Numbers as Endpoints to Communicate
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TCP Three-Way Handshake
ApplicationApplication
TransportTransport
InternetInternet
NetworkNetwork
Data
ApplicationApplication
TransportTransport
InternetInternet
NetworkNetwork
Data, ACK
ACK
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Multimedia Presentation: TCP Sliding Windows
showshow
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Connectionless
No session is established
Does Not Guarantee Delivery
No sequence numbers
No acknowledgments
Reliability Is the Responsibility of the Application
Uses Port Numbers as Endpoints to Communicate
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Viewing and Modifying the ARP Cache
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Review
Network Interface Technologies
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Ports and Sockets
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)