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Transcript of 1 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 31.10-1.11 2006 Community of Practice Meeting Millennium Development Goals in...
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Bishkek, KyrgyzstanBishkek, Kyrgyzstan, , 31.10-1.11 200631.10-1.11 2006
Community of Practice Meeting Community of Practice Meeting
Millennium Development Goals in CEE Millennium Development Goals in CEE and the CISand the CIS
Europe and CIS
Jacek CukrowskiJacek CukrowskiMDG Advisor, UNDP RBECMDG Advisor, UNDP RBEC
Bratislava Regional CentreBratislava Regional Centre
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Background Background and global MDG agendaand global MDG agenda
Europe and CIS
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2000 Millennium Summit2000 Millennium Summit
189 heads of state, 189 heads of state, government, sign the government, sign the Millennium DeclarationMillennium Declaration Reaffirm commitments to Reaffirm commitments to
human rights, UN human rights, UN conventionsconventions
Pledged to significantly Pledged to significantly reduce poverty by 2015reduce poverty by 2015
Millennium Millennium Development Goals Development Goals (MDGs) are to monitor (MDGs) are to monitor progress toward progress toward meeting these goalsmeeting these goals
Europe and CIS
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Structure of MDGsStructure of MDGs
Global agendaGlobal agenda 8 Goals8 Goals
few in number few in number stable over time stable over time easy to communicateeasy to communicate
18 Targets 18 Targets 48 Indicators48 Indicators
Goals and targets Goals and targets Clear time boundaries Clear time boundaries Quantified indicators Quantified indicators
Europe and CIS
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ExampleExample Reporting on the progressReporting on the progress
Target value
Baseline value
Observed value
Indicator
Source: The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Promises & progress (2002)**
Key
mes
sage
: T
he r
egio
n is
und
erpe
rfor
min
g
Baseline year Target year
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Global agenda: Key Global agenda: Key messagesmessages
MDGs cover only part of the issues MDGs cover only part of the issues included to the Millennium Declarationincluded to the Millennium Declaration ““Good governance” is not included to global MDG Good governance” is not included to global MDG
agendaagenda
Targets and indicators cover only selected Targets and indicators cover only selected issues related to poverty, education, issues related to poverty, education, gender, health, environment, etc.gender, health, environment, etc.
Example:Example: ““achieve universal primary education”achieve universal primary education”
Europe and CIS
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National MDGs National MDGs
Europe and CIS
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MDGs in CEEMDGs in CEE In some countries of the region many global In some countries of the region many global
targets were achieved several years agotargets were achieved several years ago EducationEducation Health careHealth care
……but, also in these countries there is still a but, also in these countries there is still a room for national MDG development agendaroom for national MDG development agenda Targets need to be Targets need to be
Adapted to the current level of developmentAdapted to the current level of development Disaggregated (by gender, ethnicity, sub-national Disaggregated (by gender, ethnicity, sub-national
regions, labor market status)regions, labor market status)
Europe and CIS
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Why disaggregation? Why disaggregation? Example: Employment in HungaryExample: Employment in Hungary
Hungary has relatively Hungary has relatively low rates of:low rates of: PovertyPoverty UnemploymentUnemployment
But if employment rates But if employment rates are disaggregated by are disaggregated by region, ethnicity, we region, ethnicity, we see:see: Only one out of six Only one out of six
Roma in northern Roma in northern Hungary is Hungary is employedemployed
50%
17%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Hungary North, Roma
Employment rates (2004)
Europe and CIS
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A scale of national A scale of national adjustmentadjustment Europe
and CIS
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National MDGs: Key National MDGs: Key messagesmessages
Most of the countries in Europe and the Most of the countries in Europe and the CIS adjusted global agenda to national CIS adjusted global agenda to national circumstancescircumstances UNDP’s vs. other (e.g., World Bank) approaches to UNDP’s vs. other (e.g., World Bank) approaches to
MDGs in the regionMDGs in the region
National MDG agendas National MDG agendas (-) Do not allow to make cross country comparison(-) Do not allow to make cross country comparison
(-) (-) Unclear ownershipUnclear ownership
(+) Express real development challenges(+) Express real development challenges
(+) Allow to track progress(+) Allow to track progress
Europe and CIS
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Regional MDG Report for Regional MDG Report for Europe and the CISEurope and the CIS
ContentsContents IntroductionIntroduction The MDGs and development The MDGs and development
trends in CEE and CIStrends in CEE and CIS National MDG agendasNational MDG agendas Priorities, challenges and Priorities, challenges and
opportunitiesopportunities ConclusionsConclusions AnnexAnnex
A global agenda A global agenda Monitoring progress towards nationally Monitoring progress towards nationally
adopted goals adopted goals Assessing progressAssessing progress
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The Report: Key messagesThe Report: Key messages
MDGs must be adapted to national MDGs must be adapted to national circumstancescircumstances When appropriately applied, MDGs reflect national When appropriately applied, MDGs reflect national
development challengesdevelopment challenges Keys: disaggregation, localisationKeys: disaggregation, localisation
Some countries of the region are on Some countries of the region are on “African” levels of development“African” levels of development Need “African” level of international assistance Need “African” level of international assistance
Good governance a key for achieving MDGsGood governance a key for achieving MDGs Importance of new donorsImportance of new donors
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Is Africa really the world’s Is Africa really the world’s poorest region?poorest region?
$1,106 $1,268 $1,510 $1,744 $1,751 $1,910$2,588
$3,617 $3,671
$7,500
$10,346
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000GDP per capita (PPP, 2003)
Europe and CIS
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Central Asia is not Africa, Central Asia is not Africa, but ...but ...
MDGs suggest that the MDGs suggest that the poorest CIS countries poorest CIS countries face “African” face “African” challenges:challenges: Per-capita GDPPer-capita GDP Infant mortalityInfant mortality
They should receive They should receive “African” levels of “African” levels of attention from the attention from the international communityinternational community
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Governance mattersGovernance matters
The MDGs are:The MDGs are: linked to the Millennium Declaration linked to the Millennium Declaration not a target-setting exercisenot a target-setting exercise
Millennium Declaration emphasizes:Millennium Declaration emphasizes: democracydemocracy human rightshuman rights
This is a reflection of:This is a reflection of: A commitment to universal values; andA commitment to universal values; and The fact that democratic institutions are often The fact that democratic institutions are often
better able to implement pro-poor economic, better able to implement pro-poor economic, social policiessocial policies
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The region’s “new donors”The region’s “new donors”
Transfer of new EU member states’ transition Transfer of new EU member states’ transition successes particularly important in such areas as:successes particularly important in such areas as: EU, WTO accession, integrationEU, WTO accession, integration Reforming central state structuresReforming central state structures Decentralisation (especially fiscal)Decentralisation (especially fiscal) Working with NGOsWorking with NGOs Remediating environmental hot spotsRemediating environmental hot spots Integrated water resources managementIntegrated water resources management
Also important: Russia, Turkey as creditors, donorsAlso important: Russia, Turkey as creditors, donors Debt relief (Africa, Central Asia)Debt relief (Africa, Central Asia) Technical assistanceTechnical assistance
Europe and CIS
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Priority challenges and Priority challenges and opportunities opportunities
Europe and CIS
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Priority challenges and Priority challenges and opportunitiesopportunities
Strengthening national ownership of MDG agendaStrengthening national ownership of MDG agenda
Monitoring MDGs and the role of the civil societyMonitoring MDGs and the role of the civil society
Alignment of MDGs with other development strategiesAlignment of MDGs with other development strategies MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)
Raising public awareness and MDG campaigningRaising public awareness and MDG campaigning
Need for disaggregated MDGsNeed for disaggregated MDGs Roma in Central and Eastern EuropeRoma in Central and Eastern Europe Disaggregated MDG in LithuaniaDisaggregated MDG in Lithuania
Europe and CIS
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Priority challenges and Priority challenges and opportunities (cont.)opportunities (cont.)
Promoting local development through Promoting local development through MDGsMDGs
Berati Region (Albania) Berati Region (Albania) Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)
MDG needs assessmentMDG needs assessment Work of MDG country team in TajikistanWork of MDG country team in Tajikistan
Global compact and efforts of business Global compact and efforts of business community to support MDG agendacommunity to support MDG agenda
Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)
Emerging donorsEmerging donors Slovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDPSlovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDP
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ConclusionsConclusions In Europe and the CIS national approach to In Europe and the CIS national approach to
MDG is requiredMDG is required
Targets and indicators need to be adapted to the Targets and indicators need to be adapted to the current level of developmentcurrent level of development Adaptation of MDGs requires disaggregationAdaptation of MDGs requires disaggregation
MDG reports need to be focused on monitoring MDG reports need to be focused on monitoring the progress not on the analysisthe progress not on the analysis
Key prioritiesKey priorities Strengthening national ownership of MDG agendaStrengthening national ownership of MDG agenda MDG needs assessmentMDG needs assessment Promoting local development through MDGsPromoting local development through MDGs
Europe and CIS
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Thank you…Thank you…
United Nations Development Programme,United Nations Development Programme,
Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States,Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States,
Bratislava Regional CentreBratislava Regional Centre
http://europeandcis.undp.orghttp://europeandcis.undp.org
[email protected]@undp.orgEurope and CIS
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AnnexAnnex
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Global MDG agendaGlobal MDG agenda
Goal 1Goal 1:: Halving extreme Halving extreme poverty and hungerpoverty and hunger
Goal 2Goal 2:: Achieving universal primary Achieving universal primary educationeducation
Goal 3Goal 3:: Promoting Promoting gendergender equality equality
Goal 4Goal 4:: Reducing Reducing under-five mortalityunder-five mortality by two-thirds by two-thirds
Goal 5Goal 5:: Reducing Reducing maternal mortalitymaternal mortality by three-quarters by three-quarters
Goal 6Goal 6:: Reversing the spread of Reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and TBHIV/AIDS, malaria and TB
Goal 7Goal 7:: Ensuring Ensuring environmental sustainabilityenvironmental sustainability
Goal 8Goal 8:: Developing a Developing a global partnershipglobal partnership for development, for development,
with targets for aid, trade and debt relief with targets for aid, trade and debt relief
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How relevant are MDGs for in How relevant are MDGs for in CEE and CIS countries CEE and CIS countries
– short overview– short overview
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MDG1: Eradicate poverty MDG1: Eradicate poverty and extreme hungerand extreme hunger
More than 1 billion More than 1 billion people live on less people live on less than one dollar per than one dollar per dayday
2/3 of population in 2/3 of population in Tajikistan lives on Tajikistan lives on less than $2.15 per less than $2.15 per dayday
Roma village in eastern Slovakia
Europe and CIS
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MDG2: Achieve universal MDG2: Achieve universal primary educationprimary education
Globally:Globally: 100 million children are not 100 million children are not
in schoolin school Nearly half the girls in the Nearly half the girls in the
world’s poorest countries world’s poorest countries do not attend schooldo not attend school
In Tajikistan: In Tajikistan: Primary school attendance Primary school attendance
drops from near 100% in drops from near 100% in 1990 to 88% 20031990 to 88% 2003
Declines sharper for girlsDeclines sharper for girls
Europe and CIS
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MDG3: Promote gender MDG3: Promote gender equality, empower womenequality, empower women
European traditions, European traditions, legacies of socialism legacies of socialism promote relatively promote relatively high levels of gender high levels of gender equality in CIS, CEE equality in CIS, CEE countriescountries
Since 1990, however:Since 1990, however: Male/female wage Male/female wage
gaps have sharpenedgaps have sharpened Female education Female education
attainment rates downattainment rates down
Europe and CIS
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MDG4: Reduce child MDG4: Reduce child mortalitymortality
104
4855
19
46
1829
10
26
4
21
4
3641
78
92
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Namibia
Vietnam
Romania
Russia
Austria
Czech Rep.
Georgia
Tajikistan
1970
2003
Infant mortality rates (per 1000 live births), 2003
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MDG5: Improve maternal MDG5: Improve maternal healthhealth
Maternal mortality data Maternal mortality data for CIS/CEE countries for CIS/CEE countries favorablefavorable Big declines in maternal Big declines in maternal
mortality rates in Central mortality rates in Central Asia reported since 1990Asia reported since 1990
Other maternal health Other maternal health measures less sanguinemeasures less sanguine Example: access to Example: access to
contraception in Caucasuscontraception in Caucasus
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MDG6: Combat HIV/AIDS, TB, MDG6: Combat HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, other diseasesmalaria, other diseases
Russia, Ukraine, Russia, Ukraine, Estonia at crucial Estonia at crucial HIV/AIDS thresholdHIV/AIDS threshold Prevalence rates rising Prevalence rates rising
above 1%, going into into above 1%, going into into general populationgeneral population
Tuberculosis is now Tuberculosis is now more common in Russia more common in Russia than in Chinathan in China
64
113
134
178
0
50
100
150
200
TB cases per 100,000 (2001 data)
BrazilChinaRussiaIndia
Europe and CIS
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MDG7: Ensure MDG7: Ensure environmental sustainabilityenvironmental sustainability
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250% CISSEENMS
CIS/CEE countries are CIS/CEE countries are “full of hot air”“full of hot air” Even new EU member Even new EU member
states emit above-average states emit above-average amounts of CO2 per $1 of amounts of CO2 per $1 of GDPGDP
5 of 7 “dirtiest” countries in 5 of 7 “dirtiest” countries in world are in CISworld are in CIS
““Low hanging Kyoto Low hanging Kyoto fruits”fruits” UNDP creating its own UNDP creating its own
carbon fundcarbon fund
CO2/$GDP above global average (2004 data)
Europe and CIS
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MDG8: Build new MDG8: Build new partnerships for partnerships for
developmentdevelopment Role of new donors Role of new donors
in development in development cooperationcooperation New EU member New EU member
statesstates Russia, TurkeyRussia, Turkey
Importance of Importance of private sector as private sector as development driverdevelopment driver
Europe and CIS
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Priority challenges and opportunitiesPriority challenges and opportunities
Europe and CIS
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Priority challenges and opportunitiesPriority challenges and opportunities
Strengthening national ownership of MDG agendaStrengthening national ownership of MDG agenda
Monitoring MDGs and the role of the civil societyMonitoring MDGs and the role of the civil society
Alignment of MDGs with other development strategiesAlignment of MDGs with other development strategies MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)
Raising public awareness and MDG campaigningRaising public awareness and MDG campaigning
Need for disaggregated MDGsNeed for disaggregated MDGs Roma in Central and Eastern EuropeRoma in Central and Eastern Europe Disaggregated MDG in LithuaniaDisaggregated MDG in Lithuania
Europe and CIS
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Priority challenges and opportunities Priority challenges and opportunities (cont.)(cont.)
Promoting local development through Promoting local development through MDGsMDGs
Berati Region (Albania) Berati Region (Albania) Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)
MDG needs assessmentMDG needs assessment Work of MDG country team in TajikistanWork of MDG country team in Tajikistan
Global compact and efforts of business Global compact and efforts of business community to support MDG agendacommunity to support MDG agenda
Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)
New partnership for development: New partnership for development: Emerging donorsEmerging donors
Slovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDPSlovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDP
Europe and CIS