CIS technology Contribution to ME Energy Business...Company profile CIS Technology Solar Frontier's...
Transcript of CIS technology Contribution to ME Energy Business...Company profile CIS Technology Solar Frontier's...
CIS technologyContribution to ME Energy Business
21st Joint GCC-Japan Environment SymposiumDoha
February 2013
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
Outline
1
Company profile
CIS Technology
Solar Frontier's CIS
PV system design with Solar Frontier's CIS
Case study
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
Company Profile
2
Showa Shell SekiyuDownstream oil refining &
marketing company
Basic Data FY 2011 (US$)*
Tokyo Stock Exchange Class 1
Turnover $35 Billion
Total Assets $15 Billion
*FOREX USD-JPY exchange rate - December 2011
Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K.Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K.
Solar FrontierAmericas Inc.Solar FrontierAmericas Inc.
Showa Shell SekiyuDownstream oil refining &
marketing company
Solar FrontierEurope GmbHSolar FrontierEurope GmbH
SaudiAramco
RoyalDutchShell
OtherInvestors
100%100%
100% Subsidiary
15% 35% 50%
PV CIStemsGmbH Co. & KG
(JV with BelectricGroup)
PV CIStemsGmbH Co. & KG
(JV with BelectricGroup)
50%
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
Solar Frontier Global Footprint
Santa Clara, USA Tokyo, Japan
Munich, Germany
Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
3
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
R&D and Production
Atsugi Research CentreNext Gen production
technologyvia three key processes:
enlarged substrate size,higher throughput, higher
efficiency
LaboratoryKey technologydevelopment
achievedworld record of
19.8%
R&D
Miyazaki Plant 3bldg: 158,000 m2
Capex : USD 1 bnJPY 100 bn
2007 2009 2011
Production
Miyazaki Plant 2Bldg: 27,000 m2
Capex : USD 150 MJPY 15 bn
Miyazaki Plant 1Bldg = 6,300 m2
Capex = USD 50 MJPY 5 bn
20MW
60MW
900MWYearly production capacity: 900 MW
R&DR&D crystalline-Si amorphous-Si CIS
2005
Commitmentto CIS
production
1993
Start CISresearchfunded
by NEDO
2004
ShowaShellSolar
established
2006
ShellSolarJapan
established
2007
Commercialproduction in
Miyazaki Plant 1
2009
Production at2nd plant begins;
Atsugi R&DCentre opens
2011
World’s largestCIS plant
1GW Scale
1978
1981
Technicalpartnership
with Arco Solar
1983
Startedc-Si
production
1986
LaunchedShowa ArcoSolar JV with
Arco Solar
1990
Showa ArcoSolar renamedShowa Solar
Energy
Showa Shellstarts PV R&D
1987
Co-foundedJPEA
Shell Solaracquired
Siemens Solar
2010
NewGlobal NameSolar Frontier
1974
Oil crisis sparksjoint solar projectwith Japanesegovernment
2003 2012
World’s largestCIS project<150MW
4
CIS Technology
CIS is a thin-film compound-semiconductor PV consisting of threemajor elements:
Cu CopperIn Indium
Se SeleniumSometimes called “CIGS” sinceportions of In are replaced by Ga
Crystal structure of CISCrystal structure of CIS(Chalcopyrite structure)
Cu
In*
Se**
* Partially Ga** Partially S
What is CIS?
5
SiliconSilicon
CrystallineCrystalline Others
HITMulti-
Junction(tandem)
Others
HITMulti-
Junction(tandem)
Organic
Dye-sensitized
Organicthin-film
Organic
Dye-sensitized
Organicthin-film
Thinfilm
Compound Silicon
Thinfilm
Compound Silicon
Micro-crystalline
Micro-crystalline
AmorphousAmorphousSpheric
-SiSpheric
-SiPoly-SiPoly-SiMono-SiMono-Si
With CdWith CdWithout
CdWithout
Cd
CdTeCdTeCISCIS
Lowerefficiencythan CIS
Challengedby Cadmium
toxicity
Not commer-cialized
Lower performanceratio than CIS
Longermanufacturing
process than CIS
Solar Frontier’s CIS modules do not contain cadmium or lead
PV Module Technologies
6
Product Development Roadmap
80
1,000
1,500
3rd Plant900MW
150W 13.3% AA
Module eff. 12.2%
GEN3
Total Prod.Capacity(MW)
AA-Efficiency(%) AA=Aperture Area
14
13
12
11
17
・・・・
2nd Plant60MW
1st Plant20MW
92.5W 13.0% AA
Module eff. 11.6%
160W 14.2% AA
Module eff. 13.0%
2011 2012 2013 201420102009Now Future
170W 15.0% AA
Module eff. 13.9%Applied
16.3% AA
17% AA
Lab Technology
Applied
4th plant
On 30cm x 30cm module
Achieved
Product Development Roadmap
7
SF140-160-S Series
8
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
PV System Design with Solar Frontier’s CIS
9
Outline
① Low light behavior
② Temperature stability
③ High shadow resistance
④ Long-term reliability
⑤ Risks arising from Si module
⑥ Snow resistance
⑦ Certificates
⑧ Black color module
High Output
High Reliability
Superior Appearance
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
Competitor A
Competitor B
Competitor C
Competitor D
Competitor E
Competitor F
Average(n=588)
CIS Outperforms Other Panels
10
50.0
70.0
90.0
110.0
130.0
150.0
170.0
Ave
rag
ek
Wh
/k
Wp
/m
on
th
CISc-Si (CIS average 5.6% higher)CdTe (CIS average 3.7% higher)
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
12.6%
11.6%
14.7%
11.4%
10.0%
10.5%
11.0%
11.5%
12.0%
12.5%
13.0%
13.5%
14.0%
14.5%
15.0%
STC efficiency Efficiency 70C
Module Efficiency Comparison
Solar Frontier
C-Si
In reality, modulesoperate at much
higher temperatures
Solar module efficiency is rated at 25ºC module temperature. However, this is misleading since these conditions rarely occur. Module temperature is typically 30-35ºC higher than ambient.
CIS efficiency at 70ºC: 12.6% + LS 0.8% - Temperature 1.8% = 11.6% C-Si efficiency at 70ºC: 14.7% - LID 0.12% - Temperature 3.18% = 11.4%
② CIS Outperforms Other PanelsWhy? High Temperature Performance
Ratedefficiencyis basedon 25ºC
11
Standard Testing Efficiency Efficiency at 70ºC
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
Temperature-Coefficient FS-CIS
Temperature Coefficient
ISC 0.00 (A/℃) 0.01 (%/℃)
VOC -0.34 (V/℃) -0.31(%/℃)
Pmax -0.45 (W/℃) -0.30 (%/℃)
Temperature -Coefficient c-Si (example)
Temperature Coefficient
ISC 0.034 (%/℃)
VOC -0.34(%/℃)
Pmax -0.48 (%/℃)
This means:
Less power reduction in case ofhigh module temperatures
Example: 65 oC module temp.:SF-CIS module: -12%c-Si-module: -19.2%
> Delta: 7,2%
② Temperature stability
12
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
Under partially shaded conditions, the unique patterning of CIS moduleskeeps the drop of output to a minimum
CIS
c-Si
Shadow
The module’s output drops significantlyunder partial shadow
There is a partial loss ofoutput but the overall
effect is minimum
c-SiCIS
Shadow
③ Shading Tolerance
13
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
Reliability for Long term Performance
Decrease in Pmax:0.5 %/Year (10% in 20 years)
Pmax increased about 10% from “the light soaking effect” after installationsthus, no decrease against nominal capacity
Decrease in Pmax:0.5 %/Year (10% in 20 years)
Pmax increased about 10% from “the light soaking effect” after installationsthus, no decrease against nominal capacity
Ref. - c-Si : 0.5-2.7 % / Year (10-54% in 20 years)
- poly-Si : 0.3-1.3 % / Year (6-26% in 20 years)
Manuel V. and Ignacio R. Progress in Photovoltaics, 16, 419 (2008)
④ Reliability for Long Term Performance
14
- 280 prototype modules- Direction: 340°(south east) Tilt:20°- Inverter Eff. 92.5%
PV system at ARC
11.1kW system
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
⑤ Risks arising from Si modules
Micro crack
- More critical for p-Si thanm-Si
- Caused by weight onmodules
Snail tracks
-Material defects canbe caused or boostedby microcrack.
PID(Potential induced degradation)
- Power degradation dueto the exposure to anexternal potential in afield
Not relevant for Solar Frontier CIS modules, due to different technology!
15
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
⑦ Certificates
16
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
⑧ Aesthetics of CISReflexions – a problem for some Customers
> Solar Frontiermodules transformphotons into Energy,rather than reflectingthem
Reflexioncomparison:
SF-Module (left)
A-Si-Modul (right)
EnR Paris, April 2012
17
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
Conclusion
PV technology could contribute to saving fossil fuelconsumption and conservation of national assets:Oil & Gas, and thus contribute to protectenvironment and establishing low carbon society.
CIS is expected to give the largest amount ofenergy output per installed nominal unit(kWh/kWp) among PV technologies.
18
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Annual PV Energy Potential in Qatar
19© Solar Frontier K.K.
Masaieed Industrial City Ras Laffan Industrial City Dukhan City
Irradiation[kWh/m2]
Power Output[MWh/MWp]
Irradiation Source: NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Power Output: based on PR Assumption = 0.75, not for a guarantee but just a reference purpose Oil Equivalent value is based on assumed oil generator’s efficiency =40% & 1 ton of Crude Oil Equivalent is 41.868 GJ
Fuel Saving[BBL/MWp]
Project Profile: Saudi Aramco North Park-10 MW CIS Solar Park
20© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted
Thank you for your attentionSolar Frontier K.K. Technical & Scientific Office
Eastern Cement Tower, #306King Abdul-Aziz Street Al KhoperKingdom of Saudi Arabia
Tel: +966 3 882 0260www.solar-frontier.com
© Solar Frontier K.K. | Unrestricted