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As Clinical Anatomy

RADIOLOGY

Speaker noteDr Mohamed El Safwany, MD.

Intended learning outcome The student should learn at the end

of this lecture Clinical Radiological Anatomy .

Intended Learning Outcomes Understand basics of

image generation.

Relate imaging to gross anatomy.

See clinical relationship to basic science.

Appreciate constraints and limitations.

Develop imaging vocabulary.

WHAT IS RADIOLOGY?

Medical specialty that supervises and interprets imaging studies.

Reports findings to referring physicians.

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RADIOLOGIST ROLE

Separate: Normal from Abnormal

Characterize / Describe: Abnormality

Determine: Extent (stage) of disease

Suggest: Diagnosis / Differential

Recommend: Further exams / follow-up

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X-RAY

Discovered and named by

Dr. W. C. Röentgen at University of Würzburg,

1895

Awarded first Nobel prize for physics, 1901

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PROJECTION -VS-

TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE

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FOOTAP PROJECTION

(ANTERIOR - POSTERIOR)

RT

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LATERAL FOOT

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TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES ARE

IN A SPECIFIC PLANE

SAGITTALAXIAL CORONAL

RTRT

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CT- HEAD

CT REFERENCE FILM

Skull / brain

RT

RADIOLOGY TOOLS

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X- RAY

ULTRASOUND

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

MAGNETIC RESONANCE

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

HOW IS IMAGING DONE?

IONIZING RADIATION

X-ray, CT, Nuclear Medicine

SOUND WAVES

Ultrasound

MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO WAVES

Magnetic Resonance 13

X- RAY High Energy Photon --Kilo Electron Volts

Ionizing Radiation

Exposes Film / Detector

Projection Data

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X-RAYS

PLAIN FILM RADIOGRAPHY

Chest Mammography Abdomen Spine Extremities & Joints Skull

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Air

Soft Tissue

Fat

Bone

X - RAY --- FOUR BASIC DENSITIES

CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY

Injection, ingestion, or other placement of opaque material within the body.

Improves visualization and tissue separation.

Can demonstrate functional anatomy and pathology.

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UPPER GI--(GASTRO INTESTINAL)

BARIUM ENEMA RECTAL BARIUM CONTRAST

WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film

STOMACH

COLON

ORAL BARIUM CONTRAST

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INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM – IVP INTRAVENOUS IODINE CONTRAST

ARTERIOGRAM INTRAARTERIAL IODINE CONTRAST

WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

HIGH ENERGY PHOTON

IONIZING RADIATION

EXPOSES DETECTOR

TOMOGRAPHIC DATA

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SCAN LEVEL

CT EXAMPLE

RT

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

High Energy Photon

Ionizing Radiation --Radiopharmaceutical

Exposes Detector

Projection Data

Dynamic / Physiologic

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NUCLEAR MEDICINE EXAMPLES

Hepatobiliary

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Renal

Bone

ULTRASOUND

Sound Wave - high

Frequency

No Ionizing Radiation

Transmitter / Receiver

Tomographic Data

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ULTRASOUND EXAMPLES

Gallbladder

Kidney

Obstetrics

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Hydrogen Protons In a Magnetic Field

Radio Wave Signal Transmission

No Ionizing Radiation

Tomographic Data

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE

MAGNETIC RESONANCE

EXAMPLES

Brain

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Spine

Knee

RT

Multiple Choice - Identify Labeled Images From Digital Film

Sets And Lecture Images

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RADIOLOGY EVALUATION

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HOSPITAL LINGO

X- Ray Plain Film Scout Film Radiograph

Computed Tomography Cat Scan CT Nuclear Medicine Nuc Med

Ultrasound Sono Sonogram

Magnetic Resonance MR MRI

You will hear and see these abbreviations used frequently in the

medical community.

SUMMARY TOMOGRAPHY- VS- PROJECTION IMAGES

SECTION PLANES

AXIAL

CORONAL

SAGITTAL

IMAGE GENERATION OF:

Nuclear Medicine

Computed Tomography

Ultrasound

X-ray

Magnetic Resonance

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Text Book

David Sutton’s Radiology Clark’s Radiographic positioning and

techniques

Assignment

Two students will be selected for assignment.

Question

Define tomographic planes?

Thank You

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