1_-_Analysis_of_Rates

8/7/2019 1_-_Analysis_of_Rates

1/25

Analysis of Price or (Rate)


2/25

It is process of arriving at a correct & reasonable rate per

unit work or supply, for a particular item following its

specification and detailed survey of materials, labour,equipment etc as required for the unit of work and their

prevailing market rates may be called as an analysis of

rate.

Analysis of Price or (Rate)


3/25

Purpose of analysis of rates

a) To determine the current rate per unit of item at the locality

b) It enables the contractor in quoting the appropriate rate for the various items of

construction

c) To fix up labour contract rates.

d) To calculate the quantity of materials and labour strength required for project

planning

e) It is useful for preparing detailed estimates of the proposed project

f) The analysis of rate also helps in the comparison of actual cost incurred with the

estimated cost of work

g) It also enable in comparing the expenditure of the other similar works.

h) In Government organizations, it helps in checking or comparing the rates quoted by

the contractor in the tenders i.e. to determine the viability of rates offered by

contractors.

i) It also helps in arriving at the reasonable rate for different items of construction not

included under the District Schedule of rates (DSR)


4/25

F

actors effecting rate analysis

1. Specification of the item which indicates the quality and proportion

of materials,

2. The methods of construction and protection of works

3. The present rate of materials for the item of work up to the work

site.

4. Daily wages of different categories of labourer at the locality with

their respective outputs

5. The range of lead and lift required for deposition of materials to

carry out the item of work

6. % charge for overheads which includes insurance and other

possibility of theft or loss etc.

7. The range of profit (%)


5/25

The determining the rate per unit of a particularitem of construction after taking consideration offollowing-

The Quantities of materials required and its cost

The cost of labor to be employed The cost of Equipment / hire charge of ordinary and

special tools and plants required

Overhead charges

Establishment charges of Head office of the contractor

The contractor's reasonable profit

How to determine per Unit Rate ofItem


6/25

Analysis of Rate= Direct Cost + Indirect Cost

Direct Cost

Materials + Labor + Tools and Plant (T &P) cost

Indirect Cost

Overhead charges, Establishment charges, Profit


7/25

Material Cost-

Quantities of materials- by taking off quantities of materials

required per unit of item as per specifications

Material cots- rate per unit of material delivered at work site

includes basic cost, freight, sale tax and (transit) insurance charges

if any, loading & unloading charges, internal site shifting charges

if any.

Analysis of Rate= Direct Cost + Indirect CostDirect Cost=Materials Cost +Labour +Tools &Plants


8/25

Labour Cost-

To obtain labour cost, the number and wages of the different

categories of labourers, skilled, unskilled, (mason, carpentor,

mazdoor, khalasi, office boys, helpers etc) required for per unit of

work should be known and this numbers is to be multiplied by

respective wage per day (or per hour).



9/25

Cost of equipments, Tools & Plants (T&P)-Plants used atsite are subdivided into-

Plant used for specific item of work which enables charging cost of

its use to the basic rates of particular item of work Plants like cranes, hoist, scaffolding, staging etc the cost of which

cannot be broken down and allocated to individual item of workand therefore has to be accounted for in overhead.

Cost of plant should include-

Standing Charges-

Interest of capital outlay and depreciation to caterfor replacement cost, major maintenance & repairs

Running cost- Fuel, oil & lubricants, consumables, repairs

Variable cost- setting up the plant, temporary site work required inconnection with use of plant, shifting location etc.



10/25

Analysis of Rate= Direct Cost + Indirect CostIndirect Cost=Overhead +Establishment +Profit

Overhead Charges-

Denotes expenses incurred for a particular job/site by the

contractor but which cannot be conveniently included in basic cost

of specific item of work such as concrete, brickwork etc

Overhead charges are subdivided into-

Fixed or One time expenses- should include for all cost incurred in

initial setting up of efficiently operating work site such as providing

temporary site offices, stores, godown, labour camps, canteen,

fencing, approach road, casting yard, water tanks, curing tanks,

taking utility connections, & demolishing, clearing all temporary

works on completion of work. All expenses incurred on shifting

plants & fares paid to employees for shifting to new sites

(importation & repatriation) are considered as fixed or one time

expenses.


11/25

Overhead Charges-

Variable or time related overheads-

Taxes (Turnover tax, Income tax, Sales tax, duties, royalties etc)

Finance Charges (BG & Interest)

Insurance & risks cost Owning, using & Depreciation of general plant (scaffold, pumps,

hoist, cranes etc)

Staff Salaries & Site amenities

Contingencies

Site office running expenses (stationery, postage, telephone/mobile bills, faxes, tea, refreshment, furniture, equipments (IT

other), accommodation, rent, traveling, tours (site-HO-Site), carhire

Business development expenses

Staff / Labour welfare

Demobilization cost

Following items should not loose sight while totaling up the overheadcharges-

Taxes (Turnover tax, Income tax, Sales tax, duties, royalties etc). In tendering for works for which an impossibly short period of

completion coupled with penalty or pre-assessed liquidateddamages (LD) are stipulated, the contractor may have to bereluctantly work out the likely penalty or damages in advance &include them in overhead cost.

Contractors being pragmatic community may also have to accept

the facts of life & allow for likely expenses on clientsentertaining or miscellaneous BD expenses in overhead cost.


12/25


Establishment Charges-

Incurred on running the permanent head office of

builders/contractors firm.

It includes salaries of head office staff, head office running

expenses, maintenance expenses, office furniture, IT services,

depreciation of office building, furniture and other assets, Insurance, legal fees paid to lawyer, professional fees to CA &

consultants, local property taxes, bills

External Client meet, business development expenses etc

Any other expenses coming under HO

Generally % (1% - 5%) on cost of construction (Direct +Indirect

Overhead) are to be made in each tender cost by comparing the annual

turnover of the firm during previous year and its total expenses of the

head office during the previous year.


13/25


Profit-

Generally profit of 10% should be considered reasonable for ordinary

contracts after allocating all charges.

For Small jobs 15% profit and for large jobs 8% profit should be

considered as reasonable.


14/25

Important elements to be kept in mind

Basic units of measurement

Conversion factors

Conversion rates Weights of building materials

Weights of steel sections

Output of Plants & Machinery

Labour Constants

Cement Constants

Material Constants


15/25

Some important units & conversion factors

Common units like mm, cm, m, sqm, cum, litres etc

1 guntha= 1089 sqft

40 guntha = 1 acre

1 acre= 4047 Sqm

1 Hectare = 2.47 Acre

1 Hectare = 10000 Sqm

1 brass=100 cft=2.83 cum

Conversion factors- used for converting one unit to another units Conversion of rates- factors used to convert rate from one unit to other

unit


16/25

Weights of building materials

Cement- 1440 Kg/cum

Steel- 7850 kg/cum

Aggregate- 1600-1870 kg/cum

Sand- 1540-1600 kg/cum

Single (3-38mm)- 1460 kg/cum

PCC /RCC- 2240-2600 kg/cum

Bricks- 1600-1920 kg/cum

Lime- 1200-1400 kg/cum

Bitumen- 1040 kg/cum

Paint- 960 kg/cum

Petrol- 690 kg/cum

Diesel 960 kg/cum

Soil/Earth 1410 -1840 kg/cum

Water 1000 kg/cum


17/25

Standard Output of plants-road works

Activity Equipment Name UnitProd.

Norm

Excavation

Excavator-90cum/hr m3/hr 72

Embankment with Borrow Area

Vibratory Compactor (for

earth-120 cum/hr) m3/hr 90

Motor Grader m3/hr 130

Crowler Dozers m3/hr 200

Tractor with Disc Horrow m3/hr 160

Water Tanker m3/hr 75

Embankment with Pond Ash

Vibratory Compactor m3/hr 90



Tractor with Disc Horrow m3/hr 160Water Tanker m3/hr 75

Embankment with Roadway Excavation






Subgrade




Water Tanker m3/hr 75DL


Grader m3/hr 100


DL / GSB Plant m3/hr 77

Wheel Loader m3/hr 77

G.S.B

Tandom Roller (120 cum/hr) m3/hr 90

Grader m3/hr 100


DL / GSB Plant m3/hr 77

Wheel Loader m3/hr 77


18/25

Act

v

ty

e t Na e U

t

r

N

r

WMM

WMM Plan

-150

PH

3

hr 53

WMM Pa

er(Non Seno

r)

3

hr 60

ando Roller(120 cu

hr)

3

hr 90

WheelLoader

3

hr 77

r

e C

at

i

u

en spra

er

2

hr 500

Tack C

at

i

u

en spra

er

2

hr 500

DBM

Ho

Mi

plan

-100 TPH

3

hr 42

D

M Pa

er(Sensor)

3

hr 42

Tanda Roller

3

hr 26

Pneu

a

ic TyreRoller

3

hr 54

WheelLoaders m3

hr 40

Wa

erTaner m3

hr 4!

DBC

Ho

Mi

plan

-100 TPH m3

hr 42

D M Pa

er(Sensor) m3

hr 42

Tandam Roller m3

hr 26Pneuma

ic TyreRoller m3

hr 54

WheelLoaders m3

hr 40

Wa

erTan

er m3

hr 4

C

crete B 1 (30 C /Hr )

a

ching Plan

No.1 m3

hr 25

Transi

Mi

ers 6 cum cap m3

hr 4

MobileConcre

e Pumpwi

h m3

hr 24

Concre

e Pump m3

hr 20

D " C

Dumpers m3

hr 5

SensorPa

er m3

hr 85

Tandum Roller m3

hr 43

Wa

erBowsers m3

hr 43

QC

Dumpers m3

hr 5

Slip#

orm Pa

erwi

h Sprader, m3

hr 85

$

ca

a

or m3

hr 85

Wa

erBowsers m3

hr 75

l

%

1000

Soilmec PilingRig Lm/hr 3

Casagrande PilingRig. Lm/hr 1

Ben

oni

e Mi

er 2

Ben

oni

e Pump 2

Bull Dozer

D155-320HP m3/hr 75D80-190HP m3/hr 75

HM do&

erD6H-165 m3/hr 45


19/25

Concrete Mixers

Concrete Mixers

Capacity of perbatch in cft ofdry & wet mix 7/5 10/7 14/10 18/12 21/14

Batch output in cum (yeild) 0.14 0.2 0.28 0.34 0.4

No of batches percum 7.14 5 3.57 2.94 2.5

Time in min /cum (3min/cycle) 21.42 15 10.71 8.82 7.5

Output in cum/hr 2.8 4 5.6 6.8 8

Capacit of Mixer


20/25

Formwork Constants

I Girder 5.8 o 6.8 sq per cuo id Slab 1.5 sq per cu

eck Slab 3.5 sq per cu

iaphrag wall 3.8 o 4.2 sq per cu

Frictionslab 5.8 to 6.1 sq per cu

Beam 3.7 to 4 sqm per cum

Box Girder 4 sqm per cum

Diaphargm 7.3 to 7.4 sqm per cum

Pedestal for Bearing 5.3 to 5.4 sqm per cum

Crash Barrier 5.5 to 6 sqm per cum

Well Curb 2 to 3 sqm per cum

Well Cap 0.35 to 0.5 sqm per cum

Well Steining 1.45 to 1.8 sqm per cum

OpenFoundation 1.5 to 1.6 sqm per cum

Pier - 2 m dia 2 to 2 sqm per cum

Pier- 2.3 m dia 1.75 to 1.8 sqm per cumPier Cap 1.6 to 1.75 sqm per cum

Pile Cap 2.4 to 2.8 sqm per cum

Solid RCC Wall typesubstructure 7 to 7 sqm per cum

Wing Wall (PCC) 1.55 to 1.6 sqm per cum

Box Culvert 1m x 1m 2.6 to 2.75 sqm per cum

Shutte e uirme t / Cum of Concrete


21/25

LabourOutput Constants-

TaskWork- Quantity of work which can be done by an artisan or

skilled labour for working of 8 hrs a day.

Earthwork

Concrete works

Brickwork

Roofing

PlasteringFinishing


22/25

Cement Constants

CEMENT CONTENTS IN CONCRETE MI

Grade of

concrete

Minimum

cement content

presently

adopted in India

(kg/m3)

As per

British

Practice

(kg/m3)

M-15 250

M - 20 290 225

M - 25 310 250

M - 30 325 275

M - 35 350 300M-35 Pile 440 -

M - 40 375 325

M - 45 440 350

DLC 150 150

PQC 360 400


23/25


24/25


25/25

THANK YOU

1_-_Analysis_of_Rates

Documents

Transcript of 1_-_Analysis_of_Rates