1. All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦...

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Transcript of 1. All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦...

Page 1: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 2: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics:

◦Multicellular ◦Eukaryotes◦No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria

◦Heterotrophs– consumer not decomposer

◦Have Specialized Cells- unlike protists

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Page 3: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Invertebrates-No Vertebral Column with spinal cord

Vertebrates- Have a Vertebral Column with spinal cord

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Page 4: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Animals must have= Oxygen and Glucose

The process they must complete to get energy or ATP=Cellular Respiration

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Page 5: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Skeletal Support and Protection Digestive Extracts energy and

nutrients from food Nervous Coordinates response

and behavior Respiratory Exchanges Oxygen

and Carbon Dioxide Circulatory Transport of Gases,

Nutrients and Waste

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Page 6: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Asymmetry - No symmetry=Sponges

Radial symmetry - can cut in equal halves-more than one way=Cnidarians and Echinoderms

Bilateral symmetry - Head/Brain area present with senses.

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Page 7: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

7Asymmetry

Page 8: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 9: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 10: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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*Usually more complicated organisms

*Usually simpler

organisms

Background: different types of body symmetry

Page 11: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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They all have a headarea with sense

organs

Page 12: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Ectoderm develops into skin and nervous tissue

Endoderm develops into the lining of the digestive tract and organs associated with digestion

In some animals mesoderm forms

Mesoderm is the third layer and develops into muscles, circulatory, excretory, and respiratory systems

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Page 13: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Acoelom- do not have a body cavity, organs are imbedded in tissues

Pseudocoelom -(partial) a body cavity partly lined with mesoderm

Coelom- a body cavity totally lined with medosderm that provides space for the development of internal organs

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Page 14: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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*Background: types of coelomes (body cavities)

Page 15: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Advantages: 1.Protection2.Prevents water loss on land

(waxy layer)Disadvantages:

1.Heavy-cannot grow big2.Growth requires molting-

may be killed by predators

Page 16: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 17: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

An internal skeleton that provides support inside the body

Advantage: Organisms can grow larger with skeleton inside

Is this possible???? Of course not!!!

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Page 18: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Echinoderms

All Vertebrates

Page 19: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 20: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

What is different about Sponges? Asymmetrical or no symmetry

Simplest Animals-Only Simple Cells, no tissues

They can remain motionless because they Filter feed with Collar Cells

Sessile-Do not move around

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Page 21: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Oxygen comes in through Diffusion

Filter Feeds as an adult with collar cells

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Page 22: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Hermaphroditism – Most common means of reproduction. Sponges have sperm AND eggs to increase the odds of reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction-Fragmentation also possible

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Page 23: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Sea Anemone

(Polyp)Jellyfish

(Medusa)

Page 24: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 25: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Evolution of Radial Symmetry starts with

Cnidarians

Advantage: Can Extend tentacles equally in all directions (increase food uptake)

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Page 26: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Basic digestive system-gastrovascular cavity

Also basic nervous system (nerve net) O2 still enters by diffusion

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Page 27: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Reproduces sexually and asexually

Skeleton-none present

Coral are calcium carbonate remains from previously living Cnidarians

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Page 28: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Planarian – not parasitic

Tapeworm – parasitic

Page 29: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Acoelom

Bilateral symmetry

No digestive system: sugar are absorbed by diffusion in host’s intestine

Reproduction-most are hermaphrodites

No respiratory system-Oxygen absorbed by diffusion through the body

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Page 30: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 31: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 32: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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See full-size image.

Fresh Water PlanariaUses Pharynx to obtain food

Salt Water Flatworms

Page 33: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 34: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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•Example hookworm – parasitic

•Hookworms can burrow through skin (walking around barefoot)•Also enters through contaminated food

Page 35: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Bilateral symmetry Pseudocoelom Complete digestive system with mouth

and anus Sexual reproduction/hermaphrodites Oxygen enters body by diffusion

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Page 36: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Hookworms, Pinworms, and Tapeworms that were removed from a Brazilian boy treated on a Rockefeller foundation mission (early 1900’s)

These parasites still affect people all over the globe.

Page 37: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 38: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Food safety inspections

Good sanitation

Medication widely available

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Page 39: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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RoundwormsRoundworms

Dirofilaria is a roundworm that causes heartworm disease in

dogs.

Page 40: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Ascaris: a parasitic

roundwormOther Roundworms

Page 41: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Elephantiasis results when a roundworm

blocks the lymphatic system, causing severe swelling

The roundworm is

carried by mosquitoes in tropical Africa

Page 42: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Hookworms attached to the intestines

Page 43: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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leech Earthworm

Page 44: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Bilateral symmetry

True Coelom (full range of motion, complex organs inside)

Complete digestion system

Most are hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction

Obtain oxygen by diffusion thru skin

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Page 45: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Giant Earthworm

Regular Earthworm

Page 46: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Swallow dirt, filter out food

Loosen soil, helps to aerate soil for plants

Also fertilizes plants with castings (poop)

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Page 47: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Two chemicals in saliva to help it take blood from hosts

1. Anesthetic (blocks pain)2. Anti-coagulant (prevents

blood clotting)

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Page 48: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Clam – 2 shells

Bivalves

Snail – 1 shell

Gastropods

Squid – no shell

Page 49: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Bilateral symmetry

Getting food – filter feeders (clams), grazers (snails), predators (slugs)

Getting O2 – gills in aquatic mollusks, primitive lung in snails

Both Open or closed circulatory system

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Page 50: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Open

•No blood vessels

•Blood surrounds body’s organs, delivers O2

•Smaller animals

Closed

•Blood in vessels

•Larger animals

Page 51: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Hermaphrodites

Aquatic – release sperm and eggs into water

Land – meet and swap sperm, fertilize eggs inside

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Page 52: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 53: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Four main classes within this HUGE phylum:

1.Arachnids

2.Crustaceans

3.Centipedes /millipedes

4.Insects

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Page 54: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Black widow Brown recluse

Chigger (flea)

Tick

Scorpion

Page 55: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Crab

Barnacles

Lobster

Page 56: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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CentipedeMillipede

Page 57: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Fire ants

Wasp

Grasshopper

Page 58: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Most successful of all animal phyla

Exoskeleton

Bilateral symmetry

Segmented body

True Coelom

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Page 59: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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•In Terrestrial arthropods-Oxygen enters by spiracles and then into tracheal tubes in some arthropods.

• Reproduction- Internal fertilization (mating) in land arthropods

Page 60: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Open circulatory system

Uses special jaws called mandibles

Use Pheromones (chemical signals) for communication and mating

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Page 61: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Sophisticated sensory / motor control

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Compound eye of a fruit flyCompound eye of a fruit fly

Page 62: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Page 63: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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sea star

sea urchin

sea cucumber

Page 64: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Bilateral symmetry in larvae

Radial symmetry in adults (live on ocean floor)

Coelom with organs

Endoskeleton

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Page 65: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Food – variety of diet (some eat clams, some eat algae, some filter feed)

Water vascular system (water instead of blood to carry Oxygen)

Reproduction Sexual

Regeneration possible in some

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Page 66: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

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Lancelet

Tunicates

Page 67: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Have notochord –This is a rigid rod in the dorsal area which gives support.

In vertebrates it becomes the vertebral spinal column

There are two groups that do not develop the vertebral spinal column-lancelets and tunicates

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Page 68: 1.  All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ Multicellular ◦ Eukaryotes ◦ No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria ◦ Heterotrophs–

Chordates have 3 subphylums◦ Tunicates◦ Lancelets

◦Vertebrates

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lancelet tunicate

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Each of these is a Class in the Phylum Chordata