Fungi Kingdom. General Characteristics Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Cell Wall composed of chitin Cell Wall...
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Transcript of Fungi Kingdom. General Characteristics Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Cell Wall composed of chitin Cell Wall...
Fungi Kingdom
General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics
EukaryotesEukaryotes
Cell Wall composed of Cell Wall composed of chitinchitin
HeterotrophsHeterotrophs– Digest then ingestDigest then ingest
Most are decomposersMost are decomposers
Characteristics, cont.Characteristics, cont.
Require moisture to growRequire moisture to grow
Survive drying out bySurvive drying out by– DormancyDormancy– SporesSpores
Less sensitive to osmotic pressure Less sensitive to osmotic pressure than prokaryotesthan prokaryotes
Body PlanBody Plan
Simplest – Simplest – YEASTSYEASTS– UnicellularUnicellular– Round or oval shapeRound or oval shape
Most are filamentous – Most are filamentous – MOLDSMOLDS– long, branched, thread-like filaments long, branched, thread-like filaments
called called hyphaehyphae– Hyphae form tangle mass called Hyphae form tangle mass called myceliummycelium
HYPHAE
Develop from a unicellular spore
Grows from the tip into a food source
Absorbs nutrients through large surface area
Most hyphae are divided by septa
Coenocytic hyphae lack septa
Fungal ReproductionFungal Reproduction
Most reproduce by spores Most reproduce by spores
SporesSpores
Nonmotile reproductive cells Nonmotile reproductive cells dispersed by wind, water, or animalsdispersed by wind, water, or animals
Produced in specialized aerial Produced in specialized aerial hyphae or fruiting bodieshyphae or fruiting bodies
May be produced either sexually or May be produced either sexually or asexuallyasexually
Fungal Life Cycle:Fungal Life Cycle:
Spore lands on suitable Spore lands on suitable food sourcefood source
GerminationGermination
Hyphae grow/elongate Hyphae grow/elongate – Infiltrate food source Infiltrate food source – Forms myceliumForms mycelium
Fruiting body forms – Fruiting body forms – spores producedspores produced
Produced by mitosisProduced by mitosis
Conidiophores – specialized Conidiophores – specialized hyphae that produce asexual hyphae that produce asexual spores called spores called conidiaconidia
Asexual SporesAsexual Spores
Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction
Yeast – primarily by buddingYeast – primarily by budding
Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction
Most FungiMost Fungi
Most fungal cells contain haploid Most fungal cells contain haploid nucleusnucleus
Hyphae of 2 compatible mating types Hyphae of 2 compatible mating types come together, cytoplasms fusecome together, cytoplasms fuse– Result is cell with 2 haploid nucleiResult is cell with 2 haploid nuclei
Generalized Sexual Generalized Sexual Reproduction:Reproduction:
Fungal Diversity and Fungal Diversity and ImportanceImportance
SymbiosisSymbiosis
MycorrhizaeMycorrhizae– 80% of plants have fungus growing in or on 80% of plants have fungus growing in or on
rootsroots
– Decompose organic matter in soil – release Decompose organic matter in soil – release nutrientsnutrients
– Increase surface area of rootsIncrease surface area of roots
LichensLichens– Fungus + photoautotrophFungus + photoautotroph
– Important in soil formation from rockImportant in soil formation from rock
– Pollution indicatorPollution indicator
Positive ImpactPositive Impact
Food and food productionFood and food production– Mushrooms & trufflesMushrooms & truffles– Wine, beer through fermentationWine, beer through fermentation– BreadBread– Certain cheesesCertain cheeses
Medicine and ScienceMedicine and Science– Drugs ex. penicillinDrugs ex. penicillin– BiotechBiotech
Negative ImpactNegative Impact
Animals:Animals:– Superficial - Ringworm, athlete’s foot, Superficial - Ringworm, athlete’s foot,
jock itchjock itch– Serious diseases: aspergillosis, Serious diseases: aspergillosis,
histoplasmosishistoplasmosis– Produce toxinsProduce toxins
PlantsPlants– 70% of all major crop diseases70% of all major crop diseases– Rusts, smuts, blight, rotRusts, smuts, blight, rot