1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607 · 1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607. Early Explorations Columbian...
Transcript of 1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607 · 1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE, 1491-1607. Early Explorations Columbian...
1-3: WORLDS COLLIDE,
1491-1607
Early Explorations
Columbian Exchange
Exchange between old and new worlds
Demographic, economic, and social changes
Early Explorations
Columbian Exchange
Negative Effects
• Smallpox
• Forced relocation
• Enslavement
• Exploitation
• Resources plundered
Early Explorations
Columbian Exchange
Positive Effects
• Trade—horses, cows, guns, cotton
• Increased longevity
• Technological improvements
• Better education
• Model of a more stable government
• Christianity (morals, no more human sacrifice, etc.)
Early Explorations
Dividing the Americas
Treaty of Tordesillas(1494)
Competition
Early Explorations
Spanish Conquest
Search for gold
Haciendas
Encomienda System
• Limited long-term use due to spread of disease
Intermarriage and Caste System
Early Explorations
English Claims
Individuals or families seeking social mobility
Focus on agriculture
Removal of Indians, not subjugation
Early Explorations
French and Dutch Claims
Search for Northwest Passage
Trading outposts and alliances with Native Americans
• Used alliances to thwart England’s colonies
Treatment of American Indians
English Policy
Removal, not subjugation
Little intermarriage
• Arrived as families
French Policy
Posed less threat
Economic and military allies
Treatment of American Indians
Spanish Policy
Valladolid Debate
• Sepulveda
– Indians less than human so encomienda system was beneficial
• Las Casas
– Indians human and morally equivalent to Europeans
– Enslavement not justified
Pueblo Revolt