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DNA is super compacted, forming chromosomes

Made of 3 billion base pairs

23,000 of these code for proteins We call these “genes”

The rest of the genome is “junk DNA”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5zFOScowqo

Genes produce proteins

The order of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules regulate what types of proteins are produced.

DNA Replication is when DNA makes a copy of itself.

When DNA replicates it produces two DNA molecules that are identical (exactly the same) as the original parent strand:

Picture of DNA Replication:

1 DNA 2 DNA

DNA Replication

DNA Replication

Happens in the nucleus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGUuX4PGlCc&feature=related

Step 1: Hydrogen bonds break and DNA strands begin to unzip.

Step 2: Free floating nucleotides join the open DNA to form 2 new DNA molecules.

Step 3: There are 2 new molecules of DNA which are exact copies of each other. Each DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand.

-Cells need DNA to make proteins they need to survive.

-DNA Replication allows a cell to pass down its genetic information to the next generation.