1 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP...

1© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04

Cisco IOS IP Service Level AgreementsTechnical Overview

Internet Technologies Division

November 2004



Agenda

• Introduction

• Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements (SLA) Overview

• Use Cases for Cisco IOS IP SLAs

• Cisco IOS IP SLAs for VoIP

• Cisco IOS IP SLAs for IP/MPLS



VPNs with IOS-based Managed Services

Corporate Intranet

Remote Users/ TelecommutersRemote Users/ Telecommuters

Cable/DSL/ISDN ISP

SP Converged IP/MPLS

Network

VPN B

PE

PE

Internet

ProviderNetworks

Head OfficeHead Office

Business PartnerBusiness Partner

Corporate ExtranetRemote AccessBranch OfficeBranch Office

Security With Cisco IOS Firewall &

Intrusion Prevention System

Routing With Cisco Enhanced Interior

Gateway Routing Protocol Management With Cisco IP SLAs

Local or Direct

Dial ISP

MPLS to IPsec/PE



Service Provider: Improved and flexible SLA managementEnterprises: Access to comprehensive SLA reports

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Exclusive

SLAs for IP/MPLS Networks

Measure Either CE–PE or CE–CE or

PE-PE Links

Enterprise Site 2

Enterprise Site 1

Measure Either CE–PE

or CE–CE Links

• Cisco IOS IP SLAs’ operations measure per VPN

• Allows measurements from a PE to CE routers

P Router

CRS-1

SP Converged IP/MPLS Network



Cisco IOS IP SLAs Advantages

I II III

VPN• SLAs are

essential to VPN services

• Quality of Service (QoS)-based measurements

• Revenue for differentiated services

• Brings IP service customer confidence

VoIP• Demonstrate

how VoIP is working

• Deploy with confidence

• Enhanced customer satisfaction

• Metrics useful for trouble shooting & and reducing down time

Business Applications

• Assure delivery with network performance

• Meet business objectives with guaranteed service levels

• Assure network quality of service

• Reduce downtime

Key Services Benefit from Cisco IOS IP SLA



Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements:A New Direction

• Cisco solution that assures IP service levels, proactively verifies network operation, and accurately measures network performance

Comprehensive hardware support

Committed Cisco partner support

Cisco IOS Software, the world’s leading network infrastructure software

Access Enterprise Backbone Enterprise Premise Edge

Service Provider Aggregation Edge

Service Provider Core

Enterprise and Small Medium Business

Understand NetworkPerformance &

Ease Deployment

Verify Service LevelsVerify Outsourced SLAs

Measure and provideSLAs

Service Providers

Cisco IOS Software



Cisco IOS IP SLAsUnderstanding IP Service Levels

• Optimize IP business applications and services

Voice over IP, Video, and VPN

• Reduce total cost of ownership

• End to end service level measurements



Cisco IOS IP SLAs Benefits

Measurements and Metrics

Proactive

Automated Intelligence

Continuous Predictable Reliable

OPTIMIZED APPLICATIONS & SERVICES

REDUCED TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP AND OpEx

• Performance visibility

• Prove service levels

• Enhance Customer satisfaction

• Enhance acceptance of business-critical services

• Reduce deployment time• Lower mean time to restore and

downtime• Proactive identification of issues

enforces higher reliability



Fine tune and optimizeOngoing measurements to understand behaviorwith proactive notification

Baseline network performanceVerify network readiness for new services with Cisco IOS IP SLA capabilities.

Quantify results• Reduce deployment time• Prove service and

application differentiation• Verify service levels• Reduce network down

time• Manage demand for the

network

Understand network performance baseline Confidence to deploynew IP servicesand applications

AssureAssureapplication application and service and service deploymentdeployment

1

2

3

4

Cisco IOS IP SLAs Life Cycle



Cisco 800Series

Cisco 1700Series

Cisco 3700Series

Cisco 2600Series

Cisco 7300Series

Cisco Catalyst 6500; Cisco 7600 Series

Cisco 10000Series

Cisco 12000 Series

Cisco 7200 Series

Cisco 4500Series

Enterprise & Aggregation/Edge

Cisco IOS Software Release 12.2S

Cisco 2900, 3550, &

3750 Series

Cisco 7200 & 7300 Series

Comprehensive Hardware Support

Access

Core

Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.3T and 12.4



Round TripTime

NetworkJitter

Dist. ofStats ConnectivityPacket

Loss

FTP DNS DHCP TCPJitter ICMP UDPDLSW HTTP

NetworkPerformanceMonitoring

Service Level Service Level AgreementAgreement

(SLA)(SLA)MonitoringMonitoring

NetworkNetworkAssessmentAssessment

Multiprotocol Label

Switching (MPLS)

Monitoring

VoIP VoIP MonitoringMonitoringAvailability Trouble

Shooting

ProtocolsProtocols

Measurement MetricsMeasurement Metrics

ApplicationsApplications

IP Server

MIB DataActive Generated Traffic

DestinationSource

Defined Packet Size, SpacingCOS and Protocol

IP Server

Responder

LDP H.323 SIP RTP

IP SLAIP SLA

Cisco IOS Software

IP SLAIP SLA

Cisco IOS Software IP SLAIP SLA

Cisco IOS Software

Example: Multi-Protocol Measurement and Management with Cisco IOS IP SLAs

Radius Video



*DATA TRAFFIC

*VoIP*SERVICE LEVEL

AGREEMENT *AVAILABILITY**STREAMING

VIDEO

RE

QU

IRE

ME

NT

• Minimize Delay, Packet Loss

• Verify QoS

• Minimize Delay, Packet Loss, Jitter

• Measure Delay, Packet Loss, Jitter

• One-way

Connectivity testing

• Minimize Delay, Packet Loss

IP S

LA

ME

AS

UR

ME

NT

• Jitter • Packet loss• Latency• per QoS

• Jitter • Packet loss• Latency• MOS Voice

Quality Score

• Jitter • Packet loss• Latency• One-way• Enhanced

accuracy• NTP

• Connectivity tests to IP devices

• Jitter • Packet loss• Latency

Cisco IOS IP SLAs Uses and Metrics

* Currently available**Limited availability in 9/04; complete in CY’05



Cisco IOS IP SLAs Leading Performance Measurements

• Cisco IOS IP SLA has been the most popular way to measure performance statistics (ie: latency, jitter, packet loss, and MOS) because:

Simplicity of solution, as compared to other technical solutions

High level of confidence

The packets are controlled

Cost scalable

Dedicated probes are not required

Cisco IOS IP SLA responder increases measurement accuracy

Not possible with ping or other dedicated probe testing



UDP Jitter Operation Example

Time

Frequency

= IP SLA UDP Jitter test packet – Operation 1 destination IP 10.0.0.1= IP SLA UDP Jitter test packet – Operation 2 destination IP 20.0.0.1

IntervalNumber of

Packets

UDP Jitter default settings:• Frequency = 1 minute• Interval = 20 milliseconds• Number of Packets = 10



Cisco IOS IP SLAs Source and Responder

• Source RouterCisco IOS Software router that sends data from operation

Cisco IOS Software may or may not be the target

Some operations require the target to run the IP SLA responder

Stores results in MIB

Configuration for each operation (destination) device

• ResponderResponds to IP SLA packets at destination

User defined UDP/TCP ports

IP SLA Control Protocol

MD 5 Authentication

Accurate measurements



UDP Jitter Operation Packet Stream

IP SLA

IP CoreResponder

Send train of packets with constant Interval

Receive train of packets atInterval impacted by Network

Add a receive time stamp, and calculate delta, the processing time.

Per-direction inter-packet delay (Jitter)

Per-direction packet loss

Average Round Trip Delay



Responder

The Responder takes 2 Timestamps (T2 & T3)

Source Router

Responder

Target Router

T1

T4

T3

T2

= T3 - T2

• Responder factors out destination processing time making results highly accurate

• Responder allows for one-way measurements for latency, jitter, packet loss, and MOS



• Reaction Trigger to Events

Can send SNMP traps for certain “triggering” events:

Connection Loss and Timeout

Round Trip Time Threshold

Average Jitter Threshold

Unidirectional packet loss, latency, jitter, MOS Scores

Can trigger another IP SLA operation for further analysis

Threshold Violation

Threshold violation

No Alert

100 ms

50 ms

Time

AlertAlert

Resolution

Threshold Violation

Trigger• Immediate• Consecutive• X of Y times• Average Exceeded

Cisco IOS IP SLAs Reaction Conditions


Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco Internal Use Only



Availability

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

12.2(11)T(Infra2)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

12.2(14)S

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

12.1E

XXXXSNMP Support

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

12.2(2)T

XAPM

XICMP Path Jitter

XFrame-Relay (CLI)

XMPLS/VPN Aware

XXFTP Get

XXUDP Jitter One Way Latency

XXXDLSw+

XXXDHCP

XXXDNS

XXXHTTP

XXXUDP Jitter

XXXXTCP Connect

XXXXUDP Echo

XXXXSSCP(SNA)

XXXXXICMP Echo Path

XXXXXICMP Echo

12.2(25)S12.1(1)T

12.212.0(5)T12.0(8)S

12.0(3)T11.2Feature/Release



THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS

Cisco Network Management Solution

Cisco IP Solution Center MPLS VPN and SLA Monitoring

Internetworking Performance Monitor Enterprise performance measurements

Cisco IOS IP SLAs Partners



CISCO IOS IP SLAs USE CASES



SLA Verification and Management

• Customer obtains from Service Provider:

Availability

QoS

Jitter SLAs

• Service Provider needs visibility in the Customer Edge, in order to commit to SLAs

• Enterprise will verify SP SLAs by using access router edge to edge measurements

Enterprise may provide restricted Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (RTT, Latency, QoS) visibility into Access router for Service Provider

Service Provider with restricted access can report SLA as a service back to the enterprise



Network Monitoring

• Cisco IOS IP SLA answers the following question:

What is the jitter, latency, or packet loss between any two points in the network?

• IP Services can be simulated by specifying various packet sizes, ports, class of service, packet spacing, and measurement frequencies

• Uni-directional and highly accurate measurements

• Measurements per class of service to validate service differentiation for data, voice, and video

• Cisco IOS IP SLA will identify an edge to edge network performance baseline and allow the user to understand trends and anomalies from the baseline



IP Network Readiness

• Network assessment tool built into Cisco IOS Software

• Simulate IP Services and verify how well they will work in the network

• How well is QoS working in the network pre-deployment

• Post deployment continued verification of network performance per IP service



Availability Monitoring

• Cisco IOS IP SLA uses proactive monitoring for periodic, reliable, and continuous availability measurements

• Connectivity measurements from Cisco router to router or Cisco router to server

• Threshold notifications when end point is not available

What is the availability of a Network File System (NFS) server used to store business critical data from a remote site ?

Cisco IOS IP SLA UDP active measurement to specific server ports is used to test remote site to server connectivity

If server is unavailable, then traps can notify the network management system



Troubleshooting with Cisco IOS IP SLAs

• Proactive notification of problems and issues based on threshold alerts

• Testing edge to edge consistently and reliability will save time in finding and pin pointing network performance problem areas

• Secondary activation of path operation (ie: path jitter) or activation of operations at a higher frequency to isolate and verify problem areas in the network



CISCO IOS IP SLAs FOR VoIP



Call setupmeasurements

Standard jitter, Packet loss,

latency measurements

Voice quality score

measurements

IP SLAs for Voice over IP

• VoIP may be difficult to deploy when the network behavior is not well understood

Cisco IOS IP SLAs will verify network readiness and QoS

Measure critical performance for VoIP deployment

Real time warning of network performance degradation

IP SLA is universally available across Cisco IOS Software routers

Hardware-basedVoIP

measurements



• Voice quality measurements between any two network points on any path

• Continuous, reliable, predictable performance monitoring

• Cisco IOS IP SLAs thresholds and hop-by-hop details isolate problems

Cisco IOS IP SLAs for VoIP

A

PSTN

IPWAN

Headquarters

A

Branch

IP SLA End to End Measurements

IP SLA WAN Measurements

IP SLA Network to Server Measurements


Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco Internal Use Only



Cisco IOS IP SLAs for VoIP Features

• November 2003 (Release 12.3(4)T)

VoIP Codec Simulations using Cisco IOS IP SLA active monitoring

Voice Quality Scoring

• March 2003 (Release 12.3(7)T)

New Threshold traps, one-way packet loss, jitter, latency and MOS



CISCO IOS IP SLAs FOR IP/MPLS



IP CLASS OF SERVICE

ONE-WAY DELAY

THROUGHPUT JITTERQoS

BANDWIDTH PER AAPP

Priority Voice Traffic

< 80 msPacket loss

< 5% less< 35 ms Max 75%

Real-Time Traffic – Video

< 80 msPacket loss

< 3%60%

Priority Data Traffic

< 100 msPacket loss

< 2%30%

Best Effort Traffic

No target No target No target 10%

Cisco IOS IP SLAs ExampleUnited States, Service Provider

• Jitter: telephony and multi-media conferencing• Packet Loss: telephony, multi-media conferencing, streaming media, low

latency data • Delay: telephony, multi-media conferencing, streaming media



VPN SLAs and Performance Measurement

10.10.10.1

10.11.10.1

10.12.10.1

(PE)

CEs with VRFs Red, Blue and Yellow.

• Cisco IOS a leader in IP/MPLS

• How to measure an SLA within a specific VPN?

Cisco IOS IP SLA operations are vrf-aware and measure an SLA per VPN

Allows measurements from a PE or multi-vrf CE router

Releases 12.2(2)T, 12.2(20)S, and 12.0(26)S



ReferencesReferences

• Cisco IOS IP SLAs

www.cisco.com/go/ipsla

1 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP...

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Transcript of 1 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP...