1-2 Notes – The Cell (Part 2)

Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Golgi Apparatus

• Makes, sorts, and ships molecules

• Modifies, stores, and directs molecules made in the ER

Vesicles

• Small, ball-like organelles

• Transport molecules through cytoplasm

• Transport molecules to cell membrane for release

Vacuoles

• Store food, water, or waste products

• Central vacuoles are only in plant cells, and they store water

Lysosomes

• Found only in animal cells

• A type of vacuole that stores digestive enzymes

Cell Types

• Plant vs. Animal

• Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Prokaryotic Cells

• Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

• Single-celled organisms known as bacteria

• No nucleus – just a loop of DNA

Prokaryotic Cells

• Evidence suggests they were the first living things to inhabit Earth, and were the only life forms for billions of years

Prokaryotic Cells

• Can be harmful (Salmonella causes food poisoning)

• Can be beneficial (Streptomyces helps us make antibiotics, E. coli helps us digest)

• Essential to environmental processes such as decomposition

Eukaryotic Cells

• Have a nucleus and other organelles

• Larger than prokaryotic cells

• Include protists, fungi, plants, and animals

• May have evolved from prokaryotic cells (one prokaryotic cell joined another)

Human Body Cells…?

How many cells are in the human body?

About 100 trillion!100,000,000,000,000

Chew on this…

What is another name for prokaryotes?

A eukaryotes

B chloroplasts

C bacteria

D mitochondria

1.2 The Cell

What organelle transports substances in the cytoplasm?

A ribosomes

B lysosomes

C vacuoles

D vesicles

How are eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells similar?

A size

B both contain membrane-bound organelles

C both have a cell membrane

D both have a nucleus

What organelle is common to both plant and animal cells?

A cell wall

B chloroplasts

C cytoskeleton

D lysosomes

SCI 1.b