070513 Security of Supply Green Energy - Dräger-Stiftung€¦ · 04-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power...

1 May 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H1 Br Power Transmission and Distribution

Security of Supply & Green Energy

Presenter:Dipl.-Ing. Wilfried Breuer [email protected] Power Transmission SolutionsSiemens AG, Erlangen, Germany

2 May 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H1 Br

Content

Global Trends in Power MarketsTask 1 - Security of SupplyTask 2 - Sustainability of SupplyTask 3 - Economics of SupplyTransmission TechnologiesConclusion

3 May 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H1 Br Power Transmission and Distribution

rendslobalin Electrical Power Markets


Electrical Energy is the Backbone of today's and tomorrow's Society


Power Transmission Systems are the essential for Power Markets

Investments in Power Industry

Generation DistributionTransmission

Power Transmission and Distribution

~ 40 % ~ 40 %

-neckor

PTD H 1 MT/Re

Depending on Grid Structure

can beTransmission

~ 20 %


MegatrendsDemographic Change and Urbanization


and changing Energy Resources27,000 TWhElectricity Consumption

2020

Developing andEmerging Countries

OECD, CIS, Eastern Europe

7.5 billion6.1 billionWorld Population

4.4 billion

1980

8,300 TWh

2000

15,400 TWh

85%

15%71%

29%

55%

45%

Sources: Siemens IEA, UN, Siemens PG GS4, 2006

Lifetime assumingstatic Consumption

Conventional Oil

Non conventional Oil

Conventional Gas

Non conventional Gas

Coal

Uranium

Lifetime (proven Reserves)

45 Years

200 Years

100 Years

65 Years

0 Years

20 Y.

Lifetime (Reserves + Resources)

70 Years

30-80 Years

150 Years

1300 Years

>1000 Years with Recycling

600 Years

Increasing Power Demand …


Different challenges forPower Transmission and Distribution

developing countries emerging countries industrialized countriesener

gy c

onsu

mpt

ion

per c

apita

long distance transmission

transmission shortages

demand for clean energy andhigh quality

highervoltage levels

small isolated grids


Challenges for Electrical Power Transmission and Distribution

Urbanization

Scarcity of Natural Resources

Environmental Awareness

Need for more Energy

Open Markets

Capacity Increase and Bulk Power Transmission over long Distances

Increased Use of Distributed and Renewable Energy Resources

Distribution within congested Areas / Megacities

Goal: reliable, flexible, safe and secure Grids

10 May 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H1 Br10 Power Transmission and Distribution

ecurityof Supply

ask 1


Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”

System Enhancement necessary !

Source: ITC 8/2003 – “Blackout”

* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor

If Power Flow exceeds theDesign Criteria: Blackout

The US Blackout 2003:Congestion, Overloadsand Loop Flows

* Problems only in thesynchronous interconnected Systems


The Blackout Area - a “Daylight” View

Source: Cigré Paris Session 200412 04-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re


The Blackout Area - a “Night Light” View

A View of the 8-14-2003 Event

“modified” Satellite Photo

Some of the Reasons were:Overloads and

Leading to Voltage Collapse

Loop Flows


The Blackout Area - the “real” Photos

Before the Blackout Source: EPRI 2003

…some Islands still have local Supply

Québec´s HVDCs assist with Power Supply and System Restoration

Blackout: a large Area is out of Supply


Reasons for high Probability of large Blackouts

ExpectedActual

Systems too complex to be tested properly (Protection, Controls)Insufficient Investmentsinto the System (heavily loaded Network Elements)Lack of MaintenanceInsufficient TrainingHuman Errors

Source:

A Key-Issue in many Power Systems today:

Source: UCTE Interim Report 10-27-2003The Grids are “close to their Limits”


Gap between Load and T&D Investments in the United States

Source: VDN/ETG Fachtagung 10.-11.-2-2004 Jena, Germany

Power Consumption

Investments

2001

20

0

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

40

time

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20001980 2002

Load

Investment

2001

20

0

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

40

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20001980 2002

17 May 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H1 Br17 Power Transmission and Distribution

ustainabilityof Supply

ask 2


Enhanced Efficiency:HVDC East-South Interconnector and Ballia Bhiwadi

2009

India

Reduction in CO2: 688,000 tons p.a. through 37% less Transmission losses

2 x 3-ph AC 400 kV

1 x +/- 500 kV

DC versus AC

1,450 km

2500 MW** 2,500 MW

20032,000 MW

800 km

… too long for AC

18 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

Example of HVDCBallia-Bhiwadi:


Operated by:China Southern Gric Co.

System Data:Rating 1,800 MWVoltage ±500 kVDCThyristor 8 kVLine Length 960 km

Tianshengqiao

Guangzhou Beijiao

The Task: Connection of renewable generation to remote load centers

Hydro Power - Long Distance Transmission

Tian Hydro Station


Basslink HVDC – from Bottlenecks to a “Smart” and flexible Grid

BenefitsClean & Low Cost Energyover Long Distance – suitable

for Peak-Load Demand

Improvement in PowerQuality

Improvement in localInfrastructures

Use of Hydro Sources for “Energy Storage”

CO2 Reduction


Hydro Plants for:Base Load andEnergy Storage

Plus Wind Power

Clean Energy CO2 ReductionCost Reduction

“flexible”

“fuzzy”

Basslink HVDC: remote infeed of Green Energy

2005


via HVDC submarine Cable into theMegacity New York

Sayreville / New Jersey

Duffy Avenue /Long Island – New York

Converter Station

Off-Island Cable Route

Benefit ➨ secure and reliable power for congested and densly populated area with minimum right of way requirement

Atlantic Ocean

Data:660MW at 500kV DC, 104km Cabel

23 May 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H1 Br23 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

conomicsof Power Supply

02-2007

ask 3


Short Outages for Industrial Customers: 1,000 €/kWh➨ very high costs

Very long Outages (more than 24 hours) for residential Consumers: 5 €/kWh

Outages less than 24 hours for residential Consumers: 1 €/kWh

Source: EURELECTRIC Task Force Final Report 06-2004

Note: “Typical” Long Distance Transmission Costs are ≈ 1-2 € Cents/kWh !

Costs depend on the Type of “Loads”:

The Costs of Blackouts are significant


AC LineCosts

Transmission Distance

InvestmentCosts

AC Terminal Costs –including Grid Transformers

total DC Costs

DC LineCosts

DC Terminal Costs

SSC = Series & Shunt Compensation of AC Lines -required for each Section of the Line

total AC Costs AC-DC Break-Even

Distance:

~ 1,000 MW / 700 km

However, if:f1 ≠ f2

the Break-Even Distance is:

Zero km

Basic Considerations

2 x SSC

2 x SSC

Break-Even Distance

DC versus AC - Break-Even Distance


3,000 MW

AC versus DC – Right of Waya View of the Tower Geometry

For Redundancy - 2 Lines: x 2

26 04-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

Comparison of Towers for 500 kV AC Line a) and ± 500 kV DC Line b), at same Transmission Capacity


Transmission Technologies

27 Power Transmission and Distribution


NorthChina

SouthChina

NortheastChina

Tibet

Taiwan

NorthwestChina

CentralChina East

China Coal

Hydro

Load center

Source: State Grid of China - 2005

Example China: Long Distances between Generation and Load Center (500 ~ 2,000 km)


Sunan

To Sichuan Power GridJinping Plant I

GuandiLinping

Jinping Plant I I

Xichang

Wuhan

Guangdong

LeshanChongqing

Changsha

Shanghai

29 04-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

Source: “Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems –Planning and Engineering Issues”, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

840 Km

6,400 MW+/- 800 kV DCPlanned 2012

2,237 Km

For Comparison: Germany

Jinping ± 800 kV HVDC TransmissionProject @ 6400MW of State Grid Co.


Gas Insulated Line (GIL)

Directly buried GIL:

& Backfill in the TrenchOrbital Welding

Comparisonof Line and GIL Data

Comparisonof Costs at 400 kV, 3~

OHL: ≈ 100-500,000 €/km Cable: x 4-6 GIL: x 7-10

70 % Reduction in Losses


Bottlenecks

Advanced Technologiesand Congestion by use of

Transmission needs …

Elimination of

Conclusions

31 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re04-2007


HVDC PLUS

… with Advanced Transmission Solutions

From Congestion, Bottlenecks andBlackouts towards a "Smart Grid"

070513 Security of Supply Green Energy - Dräger-Stiftung€¦ · 04-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power...

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