060010103 - Computer Fundamentals and Organization 2013 · 8. What in general terms is the...

060010103 - Computer Fundamentals and Organization 2013

Mr. Sandip Patel 1 | P a g e

UNIT : 1 Introduction to computers Short Questions:

1. What is GIGO? 2. What is ENIAC? 3. What is EDVAC? 4. Write basic four characteristics of first generation computers. 5. Write basic four characteristics of second generation computers. 6. Write basic four characteristics of third generation computers. 7. Write basic four characteristics of fourth generation computers. 8. Write basic four characteristics of fifth generation computers. 9. Define: computer architecture and computer organization. 10. What are the four main functions of computer? 11. Which are the main structural components of processor? 12. What is Data Communication? 13. Which are main structural components of the computer? 14. Define: Hardwired program and interconnection structure. 15. Give the difference between programming in hardware and programming in software. 16. Explain basic instruction cycle. 17. Explain instruction cycle using state diagram. 18. Explain common class of interrupts. 19. Draw instruction cycle state diagram that include interrupt cycle processing. 20. Explain approach to deal with multiple interrupt in brief. 21. Explain the types of transfer must be supported by interconnection structure. 22. Which are the obstacles we need to face when clock speed and logic density increase?

Long Questions:

1. List and explain important characteristics of computer. 2. Write short note on evolution of computers. 3. Give the difference between all generation(period) of computers for features like hardware,

software technology, representative system etc. 4. Give the difference between all generation(period) of computers for features like hardware

and software technology. 5. What are the characteristics of first and second generation of computers? 6. What are the characteristics of third and fourth generation of computers? 7. What do you mean by computer organization and computer architecture? 8. What in general terms is the distinction between computer organization and computer

architecture? 9. What in general terms is the distinction between computer structure and computer

function? 10. Explain and draw the top level view of computer components. 11. Explain the interconnection structure of computer. 12. Write short note on designing for performance. 13. Explain interrupts and instruction cycle with interrupts in detail. 14. Explain instruction cycle using state diagram. 15. List and briefly define i) possible states that define instruction execution and ii) approaches

to dealing with multiple interrupts. 16. List and briefly define main structural components of a computer. 17. List and briefly define main structural components of processor.



Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which one of below is not a compute characteristic?

a. Diligence b. Versatility c. IQ d. No feelings

2. Which one of below is not a state of instruction cycle?

a. Instruction fetch b. Operand fetch c. Instruction address calculation d. Operator address calculation

3. Full form of CU is :

a. Control unit

b. Central unit

c. Central Unicode

d. Center undivided

4. Full form of ALU is :

a. Arithmetic logic unit

b. Arithmetical logic unit

c. Alternative logical unit

d. Alternative lexical unit

5. Which one of below not belong to ENIAC

a. Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer

b. Eckert and Mauchly

c. University of Pennsylvania

d. None of above

6. Which of the below is not a part of CPU

a. Memory address register

b. Memory buffer register

c. Memory content register

d. None of above

7. If interrupt pending :

a. Suspend execution of current program

b. Save context

c. Set PC to start address of interrupt handler routine

d. All of above

8. In disable interrupts

a. Processor will ignore further interrupts whilst processing one interrupt

b. Interrupts remain pending and are checked after first interrupt has been processed

c. Interrupts handled in sequence as they occur

d. All of above happens

9. In I/O devices, moving data problem can be solved by :

a. Caching



b. Buffering

c. Higher-speed interconnection buses

d. All of above

10. Transistors were introduced in which computer generation?

a. Second

b. Third

c. Fourth

d. Fifth

11. Multimedia application was introduced in which computer generation?

a. Second

b. Third

c. Fourth

d. Fifth

12. Portable computers were introduced in which computer generation?

a. Second

b. Third

c. Fourth

d. Fifth

13. CRAY1 was introduced in which computer generation?

a. Second

b. Third

c. Fourth

d. Fifth

14. Time sharing OS was introduced in which computer generation?

a. Second

b. Third

c. Fourth

d. Fifth

15. The fetched instruction is loaded into:

a. PC

b. IR

c. MAR

d. MBR

16. All Intel x 86 families share the same basic:

a. Architecture

b. Organization

c. Both

d. None of above

State True or False: 1. Memory speed lags behind processor speed.

2. Computers are devoid of emotions.

3. Hardwired systems are inflexible.



4. Program Counter (PC) holds address of next instruction to fetch.

5. Instruction loaded into Instruction Register (IR) .

6. Interrupts remain pending and are checked after first interrupt has been processed in

disable interrupts technique.

7. “Is there a multiply instruction?” this is example of computer architecture.

8. “Is there hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?” this is example of

computer organization.

9. Organization differs between different versions.

10. If interrupt pending : restore context and continue interrupted program

11. Microprocessors were introduced in first generation of computer.

12. C programming language was introduced in second generation of computer.

13. UNIX OS was introduced in third generation of computer.

14. PARAM 10000 was introduced in fourth generation of computer.

15. Floppy disks were introduced in fifth generation of computer.

16. All Intel x 86 families share the same basic Organization.

17. Steve jobs is considered father of modern computer.

Fill in the blanks: 1. __________ is considered father of modern computer.

2. Full form of ENIAC is __________ .

3. Full form of EDVAC is __________ .

4. Full form of UNIVAC is __________ .

5. There are totally __________ computer generations known till today.

6. The second generation computers were manufactured using transistor instead of __________ .

7. IC technology was also known as __________ technology.

8. Integrated Circuit was introduced in __________ computer generation.

9. VLSI was introduced in __________ computer generation.

10. ULSI was introduced in __________ computer generation.

11. CD-ROM was introduced in __________ computer generation.

12. WWW was introduced in __________ computer generation.

13. __________ is those attributes visible to the programmer.

14. __________ is how features are implemented.

15. The processing require for single instruction is called __________ .

16. In typical processor, register called __________ holds the address of the instruction to be

fetched next.

17. The fetched instruction is loaded into __________ register.

18. All Intel x 86 families share the same basic __________ (organization/architecture).

19. Mechanism by which other modules (e.g. I/O) may interrupt normal sequence of processing

is called __________ .



UNIT : 2 Logic Design and Interconnection Structure

Short Questions: 1. What is a Logic Gate? 2. What is a Flip-Flop? 3. What is Universal Gate? List them. 4. What is Edge triggered Flip-Flop? 5. What is truth table? 6. What is Decoder? 7. What is Sequential Circuit? 8. What is the purpose of half adder circuit? 9. What is full adder circuit? 10. What is a counter? 11. What is Register? 12. What is Multiplexer? 13. What is Master-slave Flip-Flop? 14. What is interconnection structure? 15. What is a Bus? 16. List out different types of Bus. 17. Which are the Elements of Bus Design? 18. Which are the method of arbitration in Elements of Bus Design?

Long Questions: 1. Explain all types of Logic gates with its truth table. 2. Explain Universal gates in detail. 3. Explain different Flip Flops with their characteristic tables. 4. Explain S-R and J-K Flip Flop in detail 5. Explain D-Flip Flop, T-Flip Flop and Edge Triggered Flip Flop. 6. Explain Half adder and Full adder with diagram. 7. Explain Sequential Circuit in detail. 8. Write a short note on multiplexer. 9. Explain Interconnection structure of various modules in computer. 10. Explain Bus Interconnection structure in computer. 11. Write a short note on Multiple-Bus Hierarchies. 12. Write a short note on Elements of Bus Design. 13. Discuss in detail about bus structure of PCI. 14. Explain method of arbitration in Elements of Bus Design

Multiple Choice Question: 1. If an input to a NAND Gate is 0 and 0, then output will be,

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C)10 (D) 01 2. If an input to a NOR Gate is 0 and 0, then output will be, (A) 1 (B) 0 (C)10 (D) 01 3. If an input to a EX-OR Gate is 1 and 0, then output will be, (A) 1 (B) 0 (C)10 (D) 01 4.If an input to a EX-NOR Gate is 1 and 1, then output will be, (A) 1 (B) 0



(C)10 (D) 01 5.If an input to a Universal Gate is 1 and 1, then output will be, (A) 1 (B) 0 (C)10 (D) 01 6.A NAND Gate is equivalent to which of the following Gate, (A) inverted input OR gate (B) inverted input AND gate (C) inverted input NOR gate (D) inverted input NOT gate 7.In J-K Flip-flop when J=1 and K=0 is provided to the J-K flip-flop the output Q Will be (A) No Change (B) Clear to 0. (C) Set to 1. (D) Complement 8.In T-Flip-flop when T=1 is provided to the output Q Will be (A) No Change (B) Clear to 0. (C) Set to 1. (D) Complement 9.Which of the following is a dynamic input to a flip flop? (A) J (B) K (C) Q (D) C 10. How many bits can be added using Half adder circuit? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 11. How many bits can be added using full adder circuit ? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 12. How many bits can be added using full adder circuit ? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 13. How many bits can be added using full adder circuit ? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 14. Which are the modules of Interconnection structures in computer ? (A) Memory (B) Processor (C) I/O (D) All of above 15.Which are the transfer types are supported by interconnection structures? (A) Memory to processor (B) I/O to Processor (C) Processor to Memory (D) All of above 16. Which are not the elements of Bus Design? (A) Bus Width (B) Timing (C) Data Transfer Type (D) None of above

State whether true/false:

1. In NOR Gate Output is 0 if any input is 1. 2. NOR Gate can be used to implement NOT Gate. 3. Decoder is a sequential circuit. 4. Full adder is a combinational circuit. 5. D-Flip flop has a characteristic Equation of Q(t) = D 6. Half adder circuit has three inputs and two outputs. 7. Multiplexer is a sequential circuit. 8. Computer is a network of basic modules. 9. The address lines provide a path for moving data among system modules. 10. The control lines are used to designate the source or destination of the data on the data bus.



11. Peripheral components interconnect (PCI) is a popular high-bandwidth, processor independent bus.

Fill in the blanks:

1. The manipulation of binary information is done by logic circuits called ___________________. 2. The input-output relationship of the binary variables for each gates can be represented in

tabular form by a ___________________________________. 3. A combinational circuit that performs the arithmetic addition of two bits is called a

__________________. 4. A __________________________ is a combinational circuit that performs the arithmetic sum of

three bits. 5. The storage elements employed in clocked sequential circuits are called ____________. 6. A ____________________ is a binary cell capable of storing one bit of information. 7. A ______________________________________ is a interconnection of flip-flops and gates. 8. A _______________________________ is a combinational circuit that converts binary information

from the n coded inputs to a maximum of 2n unique outputs. 9. A _______________________________ is a combinational circuit that receives binary information

from one of 2n inputs and directs it to a single output line. 10. A Register is a group of __________________ with each capable of storing one bit of information. 11. A Register that goes through a predetermined sequence of state upon the application of

input pulses is called __________________. 12. The collection paths connecting the various modules is called the ______________________________. 13. A ____________________ is a communication pathway connecting two or more devices. 14. The ___________________ provide a path for moving data among system modules. 12. The _________ lines are used to designate the source or destination of the data on the data bus. 13. The ____________ lines are used to control the access to and the use of the data and address

lines.

UNIT : 3 Computer Memory Short Questions:

1. List out Characteristics of Computer Memory System 2. What does the term 'location' refers to in computer Memory system? 3. What do you mean by capacity in computer Memory system? 4. What is 'Word' in the context of Computer Memory? 5. List out accessing method in memory. 6. Which parameters are used to measure the performance of memory? 7. What is Access time? 8. Define Memory cycle time. 9. Define Transfer rate. 10. What is the purpose of Cache memory? 11. Which cache memory is fastest in L1, L2, L3 Cache? 12. What is Cores, which was used in earlier computers? 13. What is SRAM? 14. What is DRAM? 15. Which one is faster SRAM or DRAM? 16. List out types of ROM. 17. What is PROM?



18. What is EPROM? 19. Define EEPROM. 20. What is flash memory? 21. What is substrate in a magnetic disk? 22. What is track in a magnetic disk? 23. What is sector in a magnetic disk? 24. What is data density in a magnetic disk? 25. What are the components of disk drive? 26. What is cylinder in magnetic disk? 27. What is seek time in magnetic disk? 28. What is rotational delay or rotational latency in magnetic disk? 29. What is transfer time in a magnetic disk? 30. List out different types of optical disk. 31. Give the full form of CD-RW, DVD. 32. What is Pit in a CD? 33. What is Land in a CD? 34. What is the capacity of Blue Ray disk?

Long Questions: 1. Discuss different memories on basis of method of accessing. 2. Write in detail about performance parameters of memory. 3. Explain memory hierarchy with diagram. 4. Explain Cache memory in detail. 5. Explain Semiconductor memory with organization. 6. Explain DRAM in detail. 7. Explain SRAM in detail. 8. Compare DRAM and SRAM. 9. What is ROM? Explain each type of ROM in brief. 10. Explain PROM, EPROM, EEPROM. 11. Compare PROM and EPROM. 12. Explain magnetic disk in detail with diagram. 13. Explain different types Magnetic disk. 14. Explain component of components of disk drive? 15. Explain different types of Optical disks. 16. How the data is stored and retrieve from optical disk?

Multiple Choice Questions: 1. From the following which are not the characteristics of Computer Memory system?

a. Location b. Capacity c. Memory cycle time d. Unit of transfer

2. Which are the performance parameters of memory system from the following? a. Location b. Access time c. Memory cycle time d. b & c both

3. For random-access memory, time it takes to perform a read or write operation is called, a. Transfer rate b. Access time c. Memory cycle time



d. None of above 4. In Memory hierarchy, a variety of technologies are used to implement memory systems, and Across this spectrum of technologies, which of the following relationships holds?

A. Faster access time, greater cost per bit B. Greater capacity, greater cost per bit C. Greater capacity, faster access time D. None of above

5. In Memory hierarchy, which of the following has less cost per bit? A. Magnetic tape B. Main Memory C. CD-ROM D. Cache memory

6. In Memory hierarchy, which of the following has highest cost per bit? A. Magnetic tape B. Main Memory C. CD-ROM D. Cache memory

7. In Memory hierarchy, which of the following has least access time? A. Magnetic disk B. Main Memory C. Register D. Cache memory

8. In Memory hierarchy, which of the following has highest access time? A. Magnetic disk B. Main Memory C. offline storage D. Cache memory

9. What is SRAM? A. Start Runtime access memory. B. Stop Random access memory. C. Static Random access memory. D. Stage Runtime access memory.

9. Which one is faster from SRAM and DRAM? A. SRAM B. DRAM C. None of the above. D. A & B above.

10. Which one is costlier from SRAM and DRAM? A. SRAM B. DRAM C. None of the above. D. A & B above.

11. What is EPROM? A. Electrical Read Only memory B. Erasable Read Only memory C. Electrical Random Only memory D. Erasable Random Only memory

12. In Magnetic disks, data recorded on and later retrieved from the disk via a conducting coil known as,

A. Sector



B. Head C. track D. cylinder

13. In optical disks, What is used to write the data? A. Laser beam B. Head C. track D. cylinder

14. From the following which are the optical disks? A. Blue ray disk B. Floppy disk C. Hard disk D. Magnetic tape

15. From the following which optical disk has the highest data storage capacity? A. Blue ray disk B. CD-ROM C. DVD D. CD-RW

State True or False With Justification: 1. For random-access memory, time it takes to perform a read or write operation is called

transfer rate.

2. In Memory hierarchy, a variety of technologies are used to implement memory systems, and

across this spectrum of technologies, the relationship Greater capacity, slower access time

holds.

3. According to memory hierarchy, as one goes down the hierarchy, the access time decreases.

4. According to memory hierarchy, as one goes down the hierarchy, the frequency of access of

the memory by the processor increases.

5. The cache memory is faster than Main memory.

6. The concentric set of rings on Magnetic disks are called sectors.

7. In a magnetic disk, on a movable head system the time it takes to position the head at the

track is known as access time.

8. The time it takes for the beginning of the sector to reach the head is known as rotational

delay.

9. RAM is non-volatile memory.

10. ROM is volatile memory.

Fill in the blanks: 1. For random-access memory, access time plus any additional time is called

______________________________.

2. The rate at which data can be transferred into or out of a memory unit is called

_____________________________.

3. According to memory hierarchy, as one goes down the hierarchy, the cost per bit ____________

4. According to memory hierarchy, as one goes down the hierarchy, the capacity ________________

5. According to memory hierarchy, the fastest memory is __________________________________.

6. _______________ memory is intended to give memory speed approaching that of the fastest

memories available, and at the same time provide a large memory size at the price of less

expensive semiconductor memory.



7. The Cache contains a _________________________________________ memory.

8. In Magnetic disk, the organization of data on the platter in a concentric set of rings called

______________.

9. In Magnetic disk, there are __________________________per tracks.

10. In multiple platters, the set of all the tracks in the same relative position on the platter is

referred to as a _______________

11. In a magnetic disk, on a movable head system the time it takes to position the head at the

track is known as _____________________________ time.

12. The time it takes for the beginning of the sector to reach the head is known as _______________

13. On a Compact disk the areas between pits are called ______________________________.

14. The _____________________________________________________ is read and written electrically as with

PROM.

UNIT :4 CPU Organization Short Questions

2. What is an Instruction Set? 3. List out elements of an Instruction. 4. From where we can get operands in instruction? 5. List out types of Instructions. 6. Briefly explain instruction with three addresses. 7. Briefly explain instruction with two addresses. 8. Briefly explain instruction with one address. 9. Briefly explain instruction with zero address. 10. Compare more address and fewer address instruction. 11. List out different addressing mode available. 12. Briefly explain direct addressing mode. 13. Briefly explain indirect addressing mode. 14. Briefly explain register addressing mode. 15. Briefly explain register indirect addressing mode. 16. Briefly explain displacement addressing mode. 17. Briefly explain relative addressing mode. 18. Briefly explain base register addressing mode. 19. Briefly explain indexed addressing mode. 20. Briefly explain stack addressing mode. 21. Briefly explain instruction format. 22. List attribute that we need to take care for designing CPU. 23. List out types of operands available in instruction. 24. List out types of operation supported by instruction. 13. Draw internal structure of CPU. 14. Write down functions of commonly used registers. 15. Write down things that a processor has to do(must do). 16. Whether to use general purpose or special register and why? 17. Discuss design issues of number of registers and register length. 18. List advantages and disadvantages of condition codes. 19. List common flags included in PSW.



20. Discuss design issue : allocation of control information between register and memory. 21. Explain the indirect cycle. 22. Draw instruction cycle state diagram with indirect cycle. 23. Explain data flow in fetch cycle. 24. Explain data flow in interrupt cycle. 25. Explain data flow in indirect cycle. 26. Explain steps of fetch cycle for ADD A,B instruction. 27. Explain steps of fetch cycle for MOV A,B instruction. 28. Explain steps of read and write operation in memory through register organization. 29. List registers, pointers and segments of 8086. 30. Draw internal structure of ALU.

Long Questions:

1. Explain types of operation that can be performed using instruction in detail. 2. Explain “Byte Order” in detail with example. 3. Explain immediate, direct and indirect addressing mode in detail. 4. Explain register, register indirect and displacement addressing mode in detail. 5. Explain relative, base register, indexed and stack addressing mode in detail. 6. Explain register organization in detail. 7. Draw diagram for different addressing modes. 8. Using examples explain microprocessor register organization. 9. Explain indirect cycle and data flow in instruction cycle. 10. Explain how instruction ADD A,B fetch and execute in detail. 11. Compare the fetch cycle of ADD and MOV instruction. 12. Explain internal structure of ALU. 13. With some example of processor, explain register organization. 14. Explain flags in detail with example. 15. Give difference between special and general purpose register and which can be used in

which situation. 16. Explain dataflow in detail in fetch, interrupt and indirect cycle.


1. Instruction can be represented using :

a Machine Code b Binary form c Assembly language d All of above

2. Elements of instructions are :

a Operation code b Source operand reference c Result operand reference d All of above

3. From where we can get operands of instruction?

a. Main memory

b. I/O device

c. CPU register

d. All of above

4. Which are the types of instruction?



a. Data Processing

b. Data Storage

c. Program Flow Control

d. All of above

5. A = A + B contain how many register in instruction?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 0

6. Which of the below are CPU design decision?

a. Data Types

b. Instruction Format

c. Addressing mode

d. All of above

7. Types of operands for instructions are :

a. Address

b. Number

c. Logical Data

d. All of above

8. Which of the below are not arithmetic operation?

a. Addition

b. AND

c. Increment

d. Negative

9. Full form of CPU is :

a. Center Process Unit b. Central Processing Unit c. Central Process Unit d. Center Processing Unit

10. Registers are part of

a. CPU b. Main Memory c. Secondary Memory d. None of above

11. Full form of CU is :

a. Control unit

b. Central unit

c. Central Unicode

d. Center undivided

12. Full form of ALU is :

a. Arithmetic logic unit

b. Arithmetical logic unit

c. Alternative logical unit

d. Alternative lexical unit



13. PC(Program Counter) :

a. Hold address of current memory location

b. Hold address of next instruction to be executed

c. Holds content of next instruction to be executed

d. None of above

14. Which one of below is not Roles of registers?

a. User visible register

b. Control and status register

c. Both

d. None of above

15. User visible registers are characterize as

a. Control

b. Data

c. Address

d. Condition codes

16. Which of the below is not a part of CPU

a. Memory address register

b. Memory buffer register

c. Memory content register

d. None of above

17. MAR is :

a. Memory Allocation Register

b. Memory Address register

c. Machine Address Register

d. Machine Allocation Register

18. MBR is

a. Memory Buffer Register

b. Memory Binary Register

c. Machine block Register

d. Memory Base Register

19. IR contains

a. Op-code and Data

b. Op-code and Address

c. Data and Address

d. None of above

20. CPU must

a. Fetch instruction

b. Interpret Instruction

c. Process data

d. All of above

21. Example of system bus are

a. Control bus

b. Data bus



c. Address bus

d. All of above

22. Which one of below is not a part of ALU?

a. Shifter

b. Status Flags

c. Complementer

d. None of above

23. Which one of below is not user visible register?

a. Data

b. Address

c. Condition Code

d. None of above

24. Example of Address registers are

a. Segment Pointer

b. Index Register

c. Stack Pointer

d. All of above

25. PSW contains

a. Sign

b. Supervisor

c. Equal

d. All of above

26. Instruction cycle contains which stages?

a. Fetch

b. Execute

c. Interrupt

d. All of above

27. 8086 contains

a. SP(Stack pointer)

b. BP(Base Pointer)

c. SI(Source Index)

d. All of above

28. 8086 contains

a. Code segment

b. Data Segment

c. Stack segment

d. All of above

State True or False: 1. CU and ALU are two basic component of CPU.

2. Actual execution of instructions takes place in ALU.

3. PC contains address of next instruction to fetch.

4. MAR contain the address of instruction currently being fetched.



5. MBR holds contents of accessed memory word.

6. IR contains the instruction word.

7. IR is contains two parts like opcode and address.

8. Shorter the clock cycle, faster the processor.

9. At higher level of memory hierarchy, memory are faster, smaller and expensive.

10. A page table pointer is used with virtual memory system.

11. 8086 contains Code segment, Data Segment and Stack segment.

12. 8086 contains SP(Stack pointer), BP(Base Pointer) and SI(Source Index).

13. Full form of MAR is Memory Address Register.

14. Full form of MBR is Memory Buffer Register.

15. Full form of PC is Program Counter.

16. Full form of IR is instruction Register.

17. Stack pointer is register of Address register.

18. Condition code is user visible register.

19. Instruction cycle contains interrupt stage.

20. Status flags are part of ALU.

Fill in the blanks: 1. __________ is considered BRAIN of computer system.

2. __________ select and interpret program instruction and coordinate execution.

3. CPU has built in ability to execute particular set of machine instruction, called its _________ .

4. New CPU whose instruction set includes instruction set of its predecessor is said to be

__________ with its predecessor.

5. __________ register holds address of active memory location.

6. __________ register holds content of the accessed memory word.

7. Segment pointer, index register and stack pointer are example of __________ register.

8. Example of address register are ____________ , ___________ , __________ .

9. 8086 contains ___________ , _____________ , ___________ segments.

10. 8086 contains __________ , ____________ , ___________ registers.

11. Instruction cycle contains _________ , _________ ,___________ stages.

12. PSW contains ________ , _________ , _________ ,_________ flags.

13. User visible registers are ________ , ________ ,________ , ________ .

14. ALU contains _______ , ________ ,________ ,_________ .

15. __________ enables machine or assembly language programmer to minimize main memory

references.

16. ___________ used by the control unit to control the operation of the processor.

17. __________ are used for indexed addressing.

18. _________ are bits set by the processor hardware as the result of operation.

19. _______ contains sign bit of the results of the last arithmetic operation.

20. ________ indicates whether the processor is executing in supervisor or user mode.



UNIT : 5 Input Output Organization

Short Questions 1. Why we need I/O module? 2. At what place I/O module reside? 3. Draw generic model of I/O module. 4. Classify external devices into three categories. 5. Draw block diagram of external device. 6. Write down functions of I/O module. 7. Draw block diagram of I/O module. 8. Write down decisions made by I/O module. 9. List down different I/O techniques. 10. Draw flowchart of programmed I/O. 11. Draw flowchart of Interrupt driven I/O. 12. Draw flowchart of DMA. 13. Write down steps performed in programmed I/O. 14. List down commands issued by CPU when I/O module available. 15. Explain I/O mapping in brief. 16. Explain memory mapped and isolated I/O with example. 17. List down basic operation performed in interrupt driven I/O. 18. Explain simple interrupt processing using flowchart. 19. Using diagram, show changes in register and stack for an interrupt processing. 20. List down techniques for identifying interrupting module. 21. What are the functions of DMA? 22. Draw typical DMA module diagram. 23. What is cycle stealing? 24. Draw diagram for DMA and Interrupt Breakpoints During an Instruction Cycle. 25. Draw diagram for DMA configurations. 26. Draw diagram for I/O channel architecture.

Long Questions: 1. Write short note on I/O channel. 2. Explain DMA configuration in detail. 3. Write short note on Direct Memory Access. 4. Explain methods of identifying interrupting module in detail. 5. Write short note on interrupt driven I/O. 6. Write short note on I/O mapping. 7. Write short note on programmed I/O. 8. Explain I/O techniques available. 9. Write short note on I/O module. 10. Explain I/O devices, problems to deal with them and solutions.


1. We need I/O module, because

a Some I/O devices are slower than CPU b Some I/O devices are faster than CPU c Both d None of above

2. I/O module give interface to :

a CPU and Memory



b One or more peripheral devices c Both d None of above

3. I/O module is connected with

a. Address Bus

b. Data Bus

c. Control Bus

d. All of above

4. Which one of below is not type of external device?

a. Human Readable

b. Machine Readable

c. Communication

d. All of above

5. Function of I/O modules are :

a. Control and Timing

b. CPU communication

c. Error Detection

d. All of above

6. I/O module contains :

a. Data Register

b. Status and Control Register

c. I/O logic

d. All of above

7. I/O module support how many devices?

a. Only One

b. Only Two

c. Only Three

d. Multiple

8. Which of the below is I/O technique?

a. Programmed

b. Interrupt Driven

c. DMA

d. All of above

9. DMA is :

a. Direct Memory Access

b. Direct Machine Access

c. Direct Memory Address

d. Direct Machine Address

10. In programmed I/O :

a. CPU wait for I/O module to finish work

b. Waste CPU time

c. Both

d. None of above

11. I/O commands contain :



a control

b test

c read/write

d All of above

12. Which one of below is I/O mapping Technique?

a Memory mapped

b Isolated

c Both

d None of above

13. Interrupt driven I/O :

a Overcomes CPU waiting

b No repeated CPU checking of device

c I/O module interrupts when ready

d All of above

14. Methods for identifying interrupt module are :

a Different line for each module

b Software Poll

c Daisy Chain

d All of above

15. Which of the below is configuration for DMA?

a Single Bus, Detached DMA controller

b Single Bus, Integrated DMA controller

c Separate I/O Bus

d All of above

16. DMA is :

a. Direct Memory Access

b. Direct Machine Access

c. Direct Memory Address

d. Direct Machine Address

17. Which of the below is example of transfer of control?

a. Branch

b. Skip

c. Subroutine Call

d. All of above

18. ADD 5 is example of which addressing mode?

a Immediate addressing mode

b Register addressing mode

c Direct addressing mode

d Indirect addressing mode

19. ADD A where A is address field is which addressing mode example?


b Register addressing mode

c Direct addressing mode



d Indirect addressing mode

20. ADD A where A is register address field is which addressing mode example?


b Direct addressing mode

c Indirect addressing mode

d Register addressing mode

21. Effective address = R + displacement than it is which addressing mode?

a Register addressing mode


c Displacement addressing mode

d Index addressing mode

22. Which addressing mode is better for accessing array?

a Register addressing mode


c Displacement addressing mode

e Index addressing mode

State True or False: 1. Wide variety of peripherals delivering different amounts of data, at different speeds, in

different formats which all slower than CPU and RAM, so we need I/O modules.

2. I/O module give Interface to CPU and Memory.

3. I/O module connected with address, data and control bus.

4. External devices can be classified as human readable, machine readable and

communication.

5. External devices contain transducer.

6. Data buffering and Error detection are also I/O module functions.

7. Control/status registers are part of I/O module.

8. I/O module can support multiple devices.

9. DMA is one of the input output technique.

10. In programmed I/O, CPU waits for I/O module to complete operation.

11. CPU issue commands like control, test, read/write to I/O module.

12. Memory mapped and Isolated are memory mapping techniques.

13. In interrupt driven I/O, I/O module interrupts when ready.

14. Daisy chaining is also called Hardware poll.

15. Bus master is one of the technique to identify interrupting module.

16. DMA is addition module (hardware) on bus.

17. In DMA transfer, cycle stealing can happen. The system on left has the least significant byte

in the lowest address is called little endian.

13. The system on left has the least significant byte in the highest address is called big endian.

14. ADD 5 is example of immediate addressing mode.

15. ADD A where A is address field is direct addressing mode example.

16. ADD A where A is register address field is direct addressing mode example.

17. In displacement addressing Address field hold two values.

18. Indirect addressing needs multiple memory access to find operands.



19. In register indirect addressing operand is in memory cell pointed to by contents of register.

20. Index addressing is good for accessing array.

21. In stack addressing Operand is (implicitly) on top of stack.

22. Skip instructions are example of transfer of control operation.

23. Full form of DMA is direct memory address.

24. AND is arithmetic operation.

25. Logical data can be an operand in instruction.

26. Addressing mode is one of the concern factors in CPU design

Fill in the blanks: 1. I/O module gives interface to ___ and ___ .

2. External devices can be classified as ___ , ____ , _____ .

3. Network Interface card is example of ____ type of external device.

4. Modem is example of _____ type of external device.

5. I/O techniques are ___ , ____ and ____ .

6. Full form of DMA is ____ .

7. CPU waits for I/O module to complete operation in ____ I/O technique.

8. CPU issue ___ , ___ and ____ types of commands to I/O module.

9. I/O mapping can be done using ___ and ____ .

10. Separate address space is needed in ___ I/O mapping.

11. Device and memory share common address space in ___ I/O mapping.

12. I/O module interrupts when ready is ___ I/O technique.

13. CPU ask each module in turn is called ___ type of identifying interrupting module.

14. I/O work same like memory read write operation is ___ mapping.

15. In ___ mapping special I/O or memory select line are needed. A = A + B instruction contain

_____ register in instruction.

16. Index addressing is good for accessing _______ .

17. ADD 5 is example of _____ addressing mode.

18. ADD A where A is address field is _____ addressing mode example.

19. ADD A where A is register address field is ______ addressing mode example.

20. The system on left has the least significant byte in the highest address is called ____ .

21. The system on left has the least significant byte in the lowest address is called ____ .

22. AND, NOT and OR are example of _____ operation.

23. Full form of DMA is ______ .

24. Zero address in instruction used ______ implicitly.

25. Skip is the example of ______ operation.

26. (-A) is _____ operation.

27. Subroutine call is example of ______ operation.

UNIT : 6 Peripheral Devices

Short Questions 1. Draw diagram of memory hierarchy. 2. List down physical type of memory. 3. List down physical characteristics of memory. 4. Why we called “QWERTY” keyboard? 5. What is point and draw device?



6. List out point and draw device. 7. What is joy stick? 8. What is electronic pen? 9. What is touch screen device? 10. What is the work of data scanning device? 11. What is image scanner? 12. What is optical character recognition device? 13. What is optical mark reader device? 14. How bar code reader works? 15. What is the work of MICR? 16. What is digitizer? 17. What is electronic card reader? 18. What is speech recognition device? 19. Which type of speech recognition device is available? 20. What is the use of speech recognition system? 21. What is vision input system? 22. List out commonly used output devices. 23. List out different types of output. 24. List out types of monitors. 25. How dot matrix printer works? 26. How inkjet printer works? 27. What is drum and chain/band printers? 28. How laser printer works? 29. What are plotters? 30. List out different types of plotters. 31. List out types of voice response system. 32. What is voice reproduction system? 33. What is speech synthesizer? 34. What is input/output device? 35. What is the role of I/O device? 36. List out commonly used input devices. 37. Why we called “QWERTY” keyboard? 38. What is point and draw device? 39. List out point and draw device. 40. What is joy stick? 41. What is electronic pen? 42. What is touch screen device? 43. What is the work of data scanning device? 44. What is image scanner? 45. What is optical character recognition device? 46. What is optical mark reader device? 47. How bar code reader works? 48. What is the work of MICR? 49. What is digitizer? 50. What is electronic card reader? 51. What is speech recognition device? 52. Which type of speech recognition device is available? 53. What is the use of speech recognition system? 54. What is vision input system? 55. List out commonly used output devices.



56. List out different types of output. 57. List out types of monitors. 58. How dot matrix printer works? 59. How inkjet printer works? 60. What is drum and chain/band printers? 61. How laser printer works? 62. What are plotters? 63. List out different types of plotters. 64. List out types of voice response system. 65. What is voice reproduction system? 66. What is speech synthesizer?

Long Questions: 1. Write short note on point and draw devices. 2. Write short on scanning devices. 3. Explain digitizer and electronic card reader. 4. Write short note on speech recognition devices. 5. Write short note on monitors. 6. Give comparison of different types of printers. 7. Write short note on voice response system. 8. Explain plotters in detail. 9. List out all input/output devices and briefly explain all. 10. Explain keyboard and mouse in detail. 11. Explain OCR, OMR, MICR and Bard cord reader. 12. List out and explain some recent I/O devices. 13. Explain different projectors in brief. 14. Explain the terms: GUI, QWERTY keyboard, VDT, Hard/Soft copy output, information kiosk


1. Which of the below is not a example of input device?

a Keyboard b Digitizer c MICR d Screen image projector

2. Which of the below is not point and draw devices?

a Light pen b Touch screen c Track ball d Digitizer

3. Which of the below is not output devices?

a. Printers

b. Plotters

c. Touch Screen

d. Voice response system

4. MICR is :

a. Magnetic Ink character recognition

b. Magnetic Ink character recorder

c. Magnetic Ink code recognition

d. Magnetic Ink code recorder



5. OMR is :

a. Optical Mark recognition

b. Optical Mark reader

c. Optical Magnet Recognition

d. Optical Magnet Reader

6. VDT is :

a. Video display terminal

b. Voice and display technology

c. Video display technology

d. Voice display terminal

7. Which one of below is not a printer?

a. Plotter

b. Laser

c. Chain/band

d. drum

8. Types of plotters are :

a. drum

b. flatbed

c. Both

d. None of above

9. Types of voice response system are :

a. Voice reproduction

b. Speech synthesis

c. Both

d. None of above

10. MICR support how many characters?

a. 12

b. 13

c. 14

d. 15

11. Point and draw devices are used for :

a Graphic element

b Voice element

c Both

d None of above

12. Which device is used for reading cheques?

a OMR

b OCR

c MICR

d Bar Code Reader

13. Unattended interactive information systems such as ATM are called :

a Information kiosks

b Voice kiosks



c Video kiosks

d None of above

14. What is the input in vision input system?

a object shape and features in form of image

b object shape and features in form of voice

c Both

d None of above

15. Joy stick is used for :

a Video games

b Flight simulator

c Both

16. None of above Which of the below is not a example of input device?

e Keyboard f Digitizer g MICR h Screen image projector

17. Which of the below is not point and draw devices?

e Light pen f Touch screen g Track ball h Digitizer

18. Which of the below is not output devices?

a. Printers

b. Plotters

c. Touch Screen

d. Voice response system

19. MICR is :

a. Magnetic Ink character recognition

b. Magnetic Ink character recorder

c. Magnetic Ink code recognition

d. Magnetic Ink code recorder

20. OMR is :

a. Optical Mark recognition

b. Optical Mark reader

c. Optical Magnet Recognition

d. Optical Magnet Reader

21. VDT is :

a. Video display terminal

b. Voice and display technology

c. Video display technology

d. Voice display terminal

22. Which one of below is not a printer?

a. Plotter

b. Laser



c. Chain/band

d. drum

23. Types of plotters are :

a. drum

b. flatbed

c. Both

d. None of above

24. Types of voice response system are :

a. Voice reproduction

b. Speech synthesis

c. Both

d. None of above

25. MICR support how many characters?

a. 12

b. 13

c. 14

d. 15

26. Point and draw devices are used for :

e Graphic element

f Voice element

g Both

h None of above

27. Which device is used for reading cheques?

e OMR

f OCR

g MICR

h Bar Code Reader

28. Unattended interactive information systems such as ATM are called :

e Information kiosks

f Voice kiosks

g Video kiosks

h None of above

29. What is the input in vision input system?

e object shape and features in form of image

f object shape and features in form of voice

g Both

h None of above

30. Joy stick is used for :

d Video games

e Flight simulator

f Both

g None of above



State True or False: 1. I/O devices are also called peripheral devices because they surround CPU and memory.

2. Point and draw devices are used to create graphic elements on the screen.

3. Joy stick is commonly used for video games and flight simulators.

4. In electronic pen, pressure on tip of right button is used to cause same action as right button

click of a mouse.

5. Unattended interactive information systems such as ATM are called information kiosks.

6. Data scanning devices are input devices that enable direct data entry into computer system

from source document.

7. OMR software that converts bit map images of characters to equivalent ASCII code.

8. Universal Product code is most widely used bar coding system.

9. OCR reader reads data on cheques.

10. Digitizer is used in GIS and CAD.

11. In vision input system, input is normally object shape and features in form of image.

12. Speech synthesis is one type of voice response system.

13. OMR convert text information into spoken statements.

14. MICR is ideal output device for architect and engineers.

15. Ink Jet printer is impact printer.

16. Bar Code Reader is used for authentication. I/O devices are also called peripheral devices

because they surround CPU and memory.

17. Point and draw devices are used to create graphic elements on the screen.

18. Joy stick is commonly used for video games and flight simulators.

19. In electronic pen, pressure on tip of right button is used to cause same action as right button

click of a mouse.

20. Unattended interactive information systems such as ATM are called information kiosks.

21. Data scanning devices are input devices that enable direct data entry into computer system

from source document.

22. OMR software that converts bit map images of characters to equivalent ASCII code.

23. Universal Product code is most widely used bar coding system.

24. OCR reader reads data on cheques.

25. Digitizer is used in GIS and CAD.

26. In vision input system, input is normally object shape and features in form of image.

27. Speech synthesis is one type of voice response system.

28. OMR convert text information into spoken statements.

29. MICR is ideal output device for architect and engineers.

30. Ink Jet printer is impact printer.

31. Bar Code Reader is used for authentication.

Fill in the blanks: 1. ____ convert text information into spoken statements.

2. ____ has an audio response device that produces audio output.

3. ____ are an ideal output device for an architect, engineers and city planner.

4. ____ type of printer is most expensive.

5. ____ type of printer prints single line at a time.



6. ____ is impact printer.

7. Monitor associated with keyboard is called _____ .

8. ____ allow computer to accept input just by seeing an object.

9. ____ is use for authentication based on voice input.

10. In MICR, special ink is used containing magnetize particle of ____ .

11. ____ is input device that translate paper document into image format.

12. ____ is used in GIS and CAD.

13. ____ Converts bit map images of characters to equivalent ASCII code.

14. Speech synthesizer is one type of ____ system.

15. Unattended interactive information systems such as ATM are called ____ .

16. ____ is used to process cheques. ____ convert text information into spoken statements.

17. ____ has an audio response device that produces audio output.

18. ____ are an ideal output device for an architect, engineers and city planner.

19. ____ type of printer is most expensive.

20. ____ type of printer prints single line at a time.

21. ____ is impact printer.

22. Monitor associated with keyboard is called _____ .

23. ____ allow computer to accept input just by seeing an object.

24. ____ is use for authentication based on voice input.

25. In MICR, special ink is used containing magnetize particle of ____ .

26. ____ is input device that translate paper document into image format.

27. ____ is used in GIS and CAD.

28. ____ Converts bit map images of characters to equivalent ASCII code.

29. Speech synthesizer is one type of ____ system.

30. Unattended interactive information systems such as ATM are called ____ .

31. ____ is used to process cheques.

060010103 - Computer Fundamentals and Organization 2013 · 8. What in general terms is the...

Documents

Transcript of 060010103 - Computer Fundamentals and Organization 2013 · 8. What in general terms is the...