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E-banking products and services for agribusiness based eco-economy,

with ways from the farm to the fork in forecasting the developed anddeveloping countries on period 2020-2050-2100

Alexandru T. BOGDAN, Brndua COVACI, Violeta SIMION, Denis L. DIACONESCU, Dan EPU,

Sorin CHELMU

, Doru GABOR

, Amalia-Geanina STRTEANU

Romanian Academy, INCE, Centre of Studies and Researches for Agrosilvicultural Biodiversity,Bucharest, ROMNIA

Center for Risk Studies in Economy and Social Sciences, Wien, AUSTRIA

Abstract: Before starting discussing about electronic banking services, we must believe of the revolution ofelectronic banking concept in rural area. The big challenge of the present is to render the power of the greenconcept in the context of e-economy development, especially e-banking. In this circuit the people of the future,the inhabitants of the farms and small villages, should be able to use a payment method for all the services.Commencement of electronic banking involves high costs, especially in developing countries. Getting a brand(brand) of trust this is very expensive and involves costs for commercial advertising, and in addition, highcosts to purchase technology. However it is imposed for social development of electronic banking product

development and not just in large urban communities, but also to rural and small urban areas too. This isrequired by the disparity between electronic banking culture in cities and representation of it in rural areas.This disparity needs a national, regional and global plan for developing rural area because the population of theworld is increasing meaning the need for food is increasing; as we know the food is made in rural area,especially growing the livestock this is the reasons for developing rural area. Beyond their direct role ingenerating food and income, livestock can be a valuable asset, serving as a store of wealth, collateral for creditand an essential safety net during times of crisis. Livestock are also central to mixed farming systems. Demandfor livestock products in the future could be heavily moderated by socioeconomic factors such as human healthconcerns and changing socio-cultural values. There is considerable uncertainty as to how these factors willplay out in different regions of the world in the coming decades [4]. The paper is divided into two sections.The first part makes a short presentation of the electronic banking products in general and then in rural areaand the second part is a short description of the livestock production effect on food security at a global levelthrough the analysis of official statistic data on the evolution of livestock production up to the present as wellas an incursion into world data regarding events forecast by experts from FAO, OECD and other knownresearch institutes for alimentary security at a global level up to 2050 and 2100. In the paper are presented newconcepts, terms, and methodological schemes about sustainable development of rural farms. This paperpresents useful information on electronic banking, and trend information on electronic banking in rural areas inorder to develop this area.Keywords: network rural e-banking, global rural e-banking, green e-banking, green business e-banking,agrifood e-banking, agrituristic e-banking, livestock production between 2010-2100, sustainable ruralbioeconomics, new ecobioeconomics paradigm

1 IntroductionRemote Banking, conducted by electronic means(electronic banking) have begun to develop since

1995, when the bank U.S. Presidential MarilandBank launched its first banking services Internet. Inmid 2004, over 17% of Americans use the serviceselectronic banking (e-bank). Currently, electronicbanking services are used, in particular, Europe: 48million Europeans, compared to 21 millionAmericans or 20 million Japanese. In 2004, nearly16,000 financial institutions around the world offerelectronic banking for now to be over 137,000financial institutions [9]. Electronic banking services

using computer and electronic technologies thatsupport payments transfers and other documents.By using Personal Computer Banking is notnecessary that you go to the bank to raise your bankstatements to make payments in domestic orcurrency and to verify that borrowers have honoredtheir obligations. All of these may be made to theoffice via computer. In addition, service PersonalComputer Banking is available 24 hours from 24 / 7week. Electronic banking is banking that can bemade available to individuals and companies by abank which means electronic part, generally via afixed or mobile and Internet [12]. These services

Recent Researches in Business Administration, Finance and Product Management

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allow the total or partial a bank account made by theaccount holder, the account may be the current timeor the card without needing to move to counter thebank account holder. Electronic banking services toaccess various banking and financial accountinformation, in general, and allow transfers of fundsand making payments account. Account holders canaccess these services if it is recorded in the receivingbank for this purpose and, after accepting the oneway unique identification (name, password, PIN -Personal Identification Number - expressionscontrol, special equipment, etc.), to allow safe use ofservices [10].In order to sustain the global rural area development,because the future is built in this area, it is necessaryto resolve the disparity between this area and urbanarea in a lot of sector, including electronic banking.As Bogdan subscribe [2], this disparity needs anational, regional and global plan for developingrural area because the population of the world isincreasing meaning the need for food is increasing;as we know the food is made in rural area, especiallygrowing the livestock this is the reasons fordeveloping rural area. Beyond their direct role ingenerating food and income, livestock can be avaluable asset, serving as a store of wealth, collateralfor credit and an essential safety net during times ofcrisis.

2 Concepts about electronic bankingIn general, electronic banking can be classified intotwo categories: providing information and makingpayments and fund transfers. The electronic banking

are provided information on bank account andgeneral financial and banking information, such asthose relating to exchange rate, current interest orfees, ATM network, the overall utility. Informationabout account concerns: the value of the currentaccount balance, history of transactions and accountstatements situation. Transfers of funds from theaccount may be intra-bank transfers (account isreceiving the transmitter with the same bankaccount) or interchange. Following registrationapproval, the computerized system of the bank(CSB) is recorded in list of those who have the rightto access and provide a method of identification will

be used by the applicant at the time of service call.In general, identification is via username andpassword, but there may be other methods, such asallocation of PBN (Personal Banking Number;useful when access to services is performed throughseveral access channels to choose from), togetherwith a PIN, the connection to computer internetaccess a smart card reader for identifying orproviding a small safety device (token) that

generates a code recognized by the bank's server,code that is read from the device and introducedsolicitant. The solicitant will pay for these servicesthrough a monthly subscription, which includesproviding various information services that can beadded fees some services, such as payments.Electronic banking services are implemented byspecific applications e-bank in your own CSB(programs, procedures) or, if the card accounts inCMS (Card Management System) bank. Theseapplications receive service request, identifies theapplicant, made a requested service, send a responsemessage to the applicant and keep a record of thetransaction. Applications of electronic banking canbe developed even by the bank or may be purchasedfrom suppliers specialized. If Internet access,telecommunications connections are secure (SSL-Secure Socket Layer), and if a connection via mobilephone messages can be encrypted.General terms to describe the most frequent InternetBanking, Home Banking and Mobile Banking aretaken from English; they do not designate the samethink for each bank and often overlap with otherterms such as Remote Banking, Online Banking, PCBanking, Electronic Banking, Telephone Banking,Web Banking (bank's website) [11].

3 Electronic banking in global rural

areasThe electronic banking system in rural areas alsobrings new issues and challenges, such as theimbalance between the capacity and workload. Forinstance, Rural Bank Online of Australia currently

has about 750 customers who signed up for theElectronic banking services with about 1200 totalaccounts. While the online services save customerstime and effort, the bank discovered that offeringElectronic banking services is very laborconcentrated on the administrative end. That is,though the inputs from traditional teller services arecut in a big way, the transactions must still beprocessed right along from the teller stations.Another challenge is about how to keep itstraditional high quality services into its newelectronic banking system. Being in the serviceindustry forces the bank to compete using higherquality and greater levels of customer service. Thequality of bank services is highly dependent on thetraining and actions of each employee, due to thefact that most banking services offered from bank tobank are very similar, with only the customer serviceand employees differentiating them. Asknowledgeable employees with accurate transactionskills are the key to the success of the bank, RuralBank Online of Australia has worked closely with its


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outsourced online service provider to provide highquality electronic banking services. Currently,providing electronic banking services has not beenviewed as a really high priority to the managementof Rural Bank Online of Australia, as the bankbelieves that its electronic banking now is costingmore than savings, so far has not significantlycontributed to the banks success in the marketplace.On another hand, while the bank has been satisfiedwith its current electronic banking services,suggestions and recommendations have been madeto improve and streamline the system: other issuesthat are within Electronic banking in rural areaswere, the bank has asked for its main page to beupdated more timely and formatted in a manner ofmore user friendly; a more persuasive promotion ofthe electronic banking should be conducted moreregularly; a company-wide training and customerservice for electronic banking initiatives should beimplemented; the bank should integrate moreservices into electronic banking operations andsearch the areas where electronic banking operationscould further cut its daily operating cost; the bankshould provide more useful links on its electronicbanking website to its business partners; the largedead space of its current website should be used toadd more eye-catching pictures to make it moreappealing to consumers surfing the net; finally, thebank should consider to take over its website fromits current online service provider and running it in-house, so that the bank could have total control of itswebsite and be able to make necessary changes more

quickly and effectively.Since 2007 the World Bank is increasinglyinterested in developing knowledge-based eco-economy in the regional local communities.Implementation of projects is aimed at reducing thedigital divide and to support the information society.In this respect, World Bank supports a number ofdevelopment projects especially in the countries inthe developing world. The same idea, in Romania,has launched an extensive project in 2007 - theproject due to lack of funds is not beingimplemented at full capacity. Projects supportedunder the developing countries mainly concern the

development of Local Community ElectronicNetworks which are accessible to the general publicand provide basic services and value-added forsustainable development: public services deliveredelectronically assisted education computer, businessmanagement by computer, and make grants toencourage small and medium business developmentand technology. Competitiveness can be defined atthe corporate or individual level, but must take a stepforward in defining competitiveness in the

communities. Projects of Knowledge Economyimplemented in developing countries will contributeto creating competitive communities in Romania,which will be used generally to their advantage andbenefit local development, in particular, the benefitsof accession to the various unions and globalsociety. The most important electronic bankcoordinated development in rural areas is a goodInternet connectivity to local communities: 77% noof subscribers to analog cable networks in urban areaand 23% in rural area. Better internet connectivity isa powerful tool for stimulating rapid economicrecovery, with eco-economic impact.European Commission describes how it intends touse their own support programs to boost Internetnetworks and services in rural areas and invitesMember States to do likewise. The approaches are,therefore, made at least in the European Community.A good Internet access can reduce the degree ofisolation and enhance the competitiveness of farmsand rural companies, especially small and mediumenterprises (SMEs) in that it provides access tointernational markets faster and more efficient waysof doing business. Meanwhile, the EuropeanParliament and the Council are discussing aCommission proposal aimed at making available anadditional amount of EUR 1 billion through theEuropean economic recovery for broadening accessto high speed Internet in less developed regions ofEurope. The main aim of the proposal aims todevelop rural areas in terms of their becoming moreprosperous and full of life to help everyone make the

best of modern technology.Broadband is an indispensable tool for businesses inrural areas, especially for SMEs, which depend on ahigh speed connection to the rest of the economy.The European Council help the countris in ensuringthat these businesses are not through a strong signalin favor of broadband for all Europeans.Although, on average, 93% of Europeans can haveaccess to high speed internet connectivity in ruralareas the figure is only 70%, and in some countries(such as Greece, Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria andRomania), networks of high-speed broadband serveno more than 50% of the rural population.

In a communication adopted by the Commissiondescribes the benefits of better access for rural areasto modern information and communicationtechnologies, such as the Internet, can bringcompanies and individuals in rural areas such asfarms and food producers. For example, 80% ofSwedish farms already have Internet access, a thirdof them using the internet daily (also, one third usethe Internet to submit applications for EU support).In other regions, however, such as Tuscany (Italy)


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and Hungary, only a quarter of farmers use theInternet, which means it is more difficult to planproduction, pricing and market products access tointernational markets, to check weather or toestablish cooperation agreements with other marketplayers. Farmers are not only deprived of thebenefits of this technology: throughout Europe, only22.5% of rural residents use e-government servicessuch as filing tax returns, compared to 32.9% inurban areas. Therefore, the Commission calls onMember States, regions (including local authorities)to consider adapting their programs for ruraldevelopment a priority in order to give appropriateinformation and communication technologies andInternet connectivity, especially in the mid-termreview rural development plans, which is scheduledto take place in 2010. In order to realizing all this isneeded, as we reminded before, to develop the ruralarea because of the disparity between this area andurban area in electronic banking field. This disparityneeds a national, regional and global plan fordeveloping rural area because the population of theworld is increasing meaning the need for food isincreasing; as we know the food is made in ruralarea, especially growing the livestock this is thereasons for developing rural area. Beyond theirdirect role in generating food and income, livestockcan be a valuable asset, serving as a store of wealth,collateral for credit and an essential safety net duringtimes of crisis. Livestock are also central to mixedfarming systems. Demand for livestock products inthe future could be heavily moderated by

socioeconomic factors such as human healthconcerns and changing socio-cultural values. Thereis considerable uncertainty as to how these factorswill play out in different regions of the world in thecoming decades.

4 Forecasting of livestock production

between 20102100 based on

integrated rural bioeconomics and eco-

economicsIn this section we propose a project for developingagribusiness ways from the farm to the fork throughdeveloping livestock in order to sustain the rural

populations and this area which will be thesustainable society for the future of the humanity.We consider it is obvious that any kind offorecasting or prospective study regarding thedynamic of agro-food production on a period ofseveral decades (in our study the interval is 2010-2050-2100) must begin with the presentation of thepopulation dynamic at global and regional levels. Itis a known fact that population statistics is wellestablish on scientific basis and as such we will

present graphics and tables with the dynamic ofglobal population levels, on the basis of the highestbibliographical sources authorized by knownscientific documentation.World livestock production has been analyzed inparallel with the official statistical data regarding theconsumption of agro food products and nutrientsrespectively, as forecast up to 20502100 andcorrelated with population growth, production andconsumption demands for vegetal and animal foodproducts, level of poverty and risks on othervulnerabilities: economic, social, environmental,reduction of natural resources, pollution,atmospheric emissions, all correlated with farmproduction, etc. The analyses made are characterizedby: comprehensiveness, reproducibility, certitudeand consistency. Average annual rates of populationchange show that Africa has experiencedconsiderably faster growth than any other majorarea, for most of the 1950-2000 periods. Growthrates reached a higher peak in Africa (2.86%) thananywhere elsein the early 1980s, at least 15 yearsafter growth had begun to decline in every othermajor area [3].

Fig. 2. Regression curve to describe the dynamic of milk

consumption for developing countries (correlation

calculate by our working group coordinated by Bogdan

A., using data base on The State of Food Insecurity in the

World, 2004)

Fig. 3. Innovating project regarding the business center

for rural sustainable development, based ecobioeconomy,

for the most priority strategic national project and

integrated through recently objectives of Lisabona 2020


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Strategy. (orig. D.L. Diaconescu and working group of

GNIR )

Companies and individuals interested in vegetal andanimal production, namely production of plantand/or animal derivatives can be directly involved inthe processing of prime vegetal materials for dailyfood, bakery, pastry, etc. and also in the growing and

turning into profit of the animals - birds, pigs, sheep,goats and cattle situated in the immediate vicinity ofthe investment. The project can also generate profitfor the producers of food equipment necessary forslaughter, meat processing, milk, fruits andvegetables processing. The project addresses as wellto the manufacturers of agricultural machinery - theadvantage of the display and testing area is that it ischeap and turns into the possibility of having anactive presence in the specific market of the farmers.In the production of unconventional energy:investors will gain incomes by engaging themselvesin the exploitation of wind, solar, hydraulic energy,or biogas (from animal manure, the elements orpoultry litter), bio-fuels from plant residue (straw,wheat, barley, rye, corn cobs, cut vine, branchesfrom trees situated into the parks, material resultingfrom green field and households that blockslandfills, sawdust which pollutes the forests soilthrough acid and cannot be used in the manufactureof bonded wood, smaller branches from forests inoperation or along the ways of communication -thistles, shrubs, etc).The advantage of proximity and cheap locations maybe amplified by the process of teaching or retrainingthe local labor force, process that can be held in thesame locations. This fact brings benefits toemployers, employees and last but not least, totrainers that can make these preparations usinggrants. The project solves the problems regarding theinfrastructure, by bringing water to every house,waste water collection and sewage treatment system.The existence of such agro-industrial park opensnew possibilities for manufacturers of componentsneeded in the process of supply with drinking water,sewerage and purification of residual waters.

5 Conclusions and future researchThere will be significant progress in raising food

consumption levels and improving nutrition. Therewill be significant reductions in the relativeprevalence of undernourishment (percent ofpopulation affected), but these will not be translatedinto commensurate declines in the numbersundernourished because of population growth.Reduction in the absolute numbers ofundernourished is likely to be a slow process. Thenumber of undernourished in the developingcountries is not likely to be halved by 2015 from the

823 million of 1990/1992 (the 3-year average usedas the basis for defining the World Food Summittarget). However, the proportion of the populationundernourished may be halved by 2015 and declinefurther in the rest of the projection period.The projected slow progress in reducingundernourishment will reflect the inadequateprogress of many countries towards rapid economicdevelopment and poverty reduction. However,empirical evidence suggests that in the countrieswith high dependence on agriculture, assigningpriority to the development of food production holdspromise of overcoming the constraint to betternutrition represented by unfavorable overalleconomic growth prospects. This prospect underliesthe projection that the countries with long historiesof stagnant food consumption levels and highundernourishment could make some progress in thefuture. Poor agricultural resources may represent aserious obstacle to such prospects, particularly incountries with high demographic growth. Despitethis slow pace of progress in reducing the prevalenceof undernourishment, the projections imply aconsiderable overall improvement. In the developingcountries the numbers of well fed (i.e. not classifiedas undernourished according to the criteria usedhere) could increase from 3.9 billion in 1999/01(83% of their population) to 5.2 billion in 2015(90% of the population), to 6.2 billion (93%) in2030 and to 7.2 billion (96%) by 2050. That wouldbe no mean achievement. In conclusion, in manycountries, including some of the more populous

ones, the relative prevalence of undernourishment(percent of the population) will decline significantly.Fewer countries than at present will have high levelsof undernourishment, none of them in the mostpopulous class. The problem of undernourishmentwill tend to become smaller in terms of bothabsolute numbers affected and, even more, inrelative terms, hence it will become more tractablethrough policy interventions, both national andinternational.The livestock sector plays a crucial role in theprovision of global public goods and services. Thereare opportunities to alleviate many of the risks

associated with the expanding sector and to developits full potential in ensuring benefits for the poorwith a gender equality perspective, and to encouragea more responsible use of increasingly scarce inputsand natural resources. This will require dynamicgeneration and adoption of new technologies,products and services as well as networks andinstitutional development within an enabling policyand regulatory environment. The vigorous growth ofthe livestock sector, its importance for income


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generation, food security, human nutrition andhealth, and its impact on various public goods andservices require careful attention by the internationalcommunity.EU tackles discrepancy between urban and ruralareas in terms of broadband Internet through ruraldevelopment policy - which is part of the CommonAgricultural Policy. Member States and regions canspend EU funds for modernizing, using newtechnologies, training, caring environment, settingup new companies and basic services in rural areas.In addition, under the EU Cohesion Policy for 2007-2013 to spend nearly 15 billion priorities ininformation and communication technologies, e.g.electronic public services and Internet infrastructure.Some of this money will be used for rural areas.On 28 January 2009, the Commission, in accordancewith European Council conclusions of December2008, proposed to earmark1 billion extra spendingfor investment in broadband services, in its proposalfor European economic recovery plan in order toachieve 100% coverage of broadband Internet inEurope (MEMO/09/35). In addition to acommunication adopted on better access to moderninformation and communication technologies forrural areas, the EU Commission is organizing aconference on broadband services in Turin (Italy) on2-3 April 2009. This event will bring together theCommission, national and regional authorities andother stakeholders to discuss increased EUinvestment in broadband services within the EUrecovery plan and policies will help achieve 100%

coverage of the services broadband in rural areas.Acknowledgments. This work was cofinanced fromthe European Social Fund through SectorialOperational Programme Human ResourcesDevelopment 2007-2013, project number and project number POSDRU/89/1.5/S/63258Postdoctoral school for zootechnical biodiversityand food biotechnology based on the eco-economyand the bio-economy required by eco-sanogenesis,with grant financing from European Union

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