02UMTS Network Architecturenew

7/31/2019 02UMTS Network Architecturenew

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UMTSNetwork Architecture


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Module topics

Introduction to UMTS Release 99

architecture

Radio Access Network

User Equipment

Core Network

UMTS network management solutions

Review questions


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Objectives 1(2)After completing this module the student will be

able to:

Identify and list the network subsystems ofRelease 99

Identify and list the requirements of UMTSmobile terminals

Briefly explain the network elements used inRelease 4

List and identify the network elements usedwithin the radio access network (RAN), in termsof the name and function

Briefly explain how base station sites areselected and describe the different cellulartransmission solutions available


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Objectives 2(2) Identify the main functions of the Nokia RNC

List and identify the network elements used withinthe core network in terms of the name andfunction within the context of Release 99

List and identify the need for comprehensivenetwork management in UMTS. With the help of

the material, identify the framework of the NokiaNetAct solution

without using any references (if not otherwisestated).


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Combined GSM/UMTS Rel. 99 PLMNCN (Core Network)

NMS (Network Management Subsystem)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packet switched (ps) domain

commoncs & ps

networkelements

networkelements

for servicegroups

UTRAN(UMTS TerrestrialRadio AccessNetwork)

GERAN(GSM EDGERadio AccessNetwork)

new

enhancedGSMcore

network


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UMTS Rel. 99 Core NetworkCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packet switched (ps) domain

commoncs & ps

networkelements

GERAN

UTRAN

MSC/VLR GMSC

HLREIRAC

GGSNSGSN

PSTN/ISDN

corp.network

WAP

PDNIP-backbone

CG

BillingCentre

BG

Inter-PLMNNetwork


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- subscriber profile (temporary)- location information (e.g. LAI)

- subscriber identifier (e.g. IMSI, TMSI)

CS-Domain Network entities

Exchange specific functions:- switching- signalling evaluation- operational tasks

(alarms, CDR generation, statistics)

Mobile communication specificfunctions- Interrogation of HLR

Mobile communication specific functions- mobility management- mobile specific connection management- interaction with HLR and VLR- interaction with GERAN/UTRAN- transcoding (UMTS only)

Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC)

GatewayMobile services Switching Centre (GMSC)

Exchange specific functions:- switching- signalling evaluation- operational tasks

(alarms, CDR generation, statistics)

Visitor Location Register (VLR)


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Common CS- & PS Domain NetworkEntities

Home Location Register (HLR) semi-permanent subscriber

profile location information

Authentication Centre (AuC)generates subscriber related data for

USIM VPLMN mutualauthentication

ciphering

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)verification of User Terminal/mobile

equipment


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PS-Domain Network entities

Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

Network Access Control(authentication, authorisation,admission control, CDR collection,

operator determined barring) Packet Routing & Transfer

(relay, routing, address translation &mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)

Mobility Management

Gateway GPRS Support Node(GGSN)

Network Access Control(CDR collection, screening)

Packet Routing & Transfer(relay, routing, addresstranslation & mapping,encapsulation, tunnelling)

Mobility Management

Border Gateway (BG)

For secure inter-PLMN connection

Charging Gateway Function (CGF)intermediate between SGSN/GGSN

and billing centre


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Network architecture of Rel 4

Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and

more efficient Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS

core as ultimate aim

More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowingmore complex services to be offered

Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn willoffer even more advanced services

GERAN implementation

Implementation of Rel4 starts already 2002-2003, butmost of the implementations can be anticipated in livenetworks starting from approximately the year 2005.


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Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)

HLR

MSC-Server

GMSC-Server

CS-MGW

CS-MGW

UTRAN

GERAN

PSTN, ISDN,

PLMN, etc.

CSE

CAP CAP

Iu

Iu

A

A

D C

Nc

Nb

Mc(H.248)

Mc(H.248)


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Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)

HLR

MSC-Server

GMSC-Server

CS-MGW

CS-MGW

UTRAN

GERAN

PSTN, ISDN,

PLMN, etc.

CSE

CAP CAP

Iu

Iu

A

A

D C

Nc

Nb

Mc(H.248)

Mc(H.248)

Call control (MOC, MTC) VLR functionality UE-network signalling

Network-networksignalling

Interaction with cs-MGW CDR generation

Interrogation of HLR Network-network

signalling

Interaction with cs-MGW CDR generation

Bearer control Bearer channel

termination Media conversion Payload processing


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UMTS Release 4: GERANCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs)

domain

packetswitched (ps) domain

3GMSC/VLR

3G

SGSN

RNC

Node B

Node B

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

Iub

Uu

BSC

BTS

BTS

BSCBSS

2GSGSN

Iu-g

Iu-g

Um


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UMTS Release 5 IMS Overview (Roaming userexample)

HSS

MRF

S-CSCF

SGSN

I-CSCF

GGSN

P-CSCF

IMS

IMS

Other IP/IMSnetwork

RAN

Home network

Visited network


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UMTS Rel. 99: UTRANCN (Core Network)


domain


3GMSC/VLR

3GSGSN

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)

RNC

Node B

Node B

RNC Radio Network ControllerUE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + Universal SIM (USIM)

RNC

Node B

Node BRadio Network Subsystem (RNS)


Iub

Iub

Iur

Iu-PS

Iu-CS

Uu

Uu

UE

UE


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Iur-Interface & Soft HandoverCN (Core Network)


domain


3GMSC/VLR

3GSGSN

UTRAN

RNC

Node B

Node B

RNC Radio Network ControllerUE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + UMTS SIM (USIM)

RNC

Node B

Node B(RNS)


Iub

Iub

Iur

Iu-PS

Iu-CS

Uu

Uu

UE

I can beconnected toseveral cells

simultaneously

Duplication of DL traffic,selection of UL traffic

Radio Network Controller Tasks &


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Radio Network Controller Tasks &Functions

WCDMA radio resource managementincl. Radio resource management ofchannel configurations,traffic and control channels, handovers,power control.

Telecom functionalityincl. Location & connection management,ciphering, Iu and Iub channel management,ATM switching and multiplexing

Maintenanceincl. Fault localisation and reconfiguration

Operationincl. RNC and Node B parametermodification


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Iub InterfaceATM

Uu InterfaceWCDMA

Cellular Transmission management

Managing ATM switching and multiplexingover the Iub interface. Control of AAL2/AAL5connections. Control of the physical

transmission interfaces E1, PDH, SDH ormicrowave.

Air Interface management.

Controlling Uplink and Downlinkradio paths on the Uu AirInterface. Baseband to RFconversion. Antenna multi-

coupling.

O&M Processing.Interfacing with NMS

and RNC for alarm andcontrol (Operations andMaintenance) functions.

Radio Channel functions.Logical to physical channel

mappings. Encoding/DecodingSpreading/Despreading user

traffic and signalling.

RNC

Node B Tasks & Functions


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Area type Dense

Urban

Urban Suburb Rural

Speech 92 93 95 95 %144 kb/s NRT 85 85 85 85 %

GSM1800 speech 85 85 85 85 %

Cell range 1 1.6 2.3 5.2 km

Factors affecting cell size include:

Frequency band - 2000MHzmuch higher than GSM networks.

Traffic types - WCDMA user datarates drop off as the user movesfurther away from the Node B

User levels - Demand for mobileservices will increase, leading tomuch greater user densities

Fast DataUsers

Voice andSlow Data

Users

average projected coverage

WCDMA Cell Coverage


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Voice traffic

Data Traffic

Soft Capacity

Capacitypercellp

ercarrier

800kbps L1 rate

50 Erlang

More Voice Users Traffic Mix More Data Users

100%50%0% Load per carrier

OutputPower

"Safe area"

Once Output Power Levelon Uplink passes the SafeArea limit, the WCDMA air

interface becomesunstable. Load per carrier

must be kept below thislimit

WCDMA Cell Capacity


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HSDPA Release 5

AMC, adaptative modulation and coding 16 QuadratureAmplitude Modulation used in good radio link conditions

Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) as errordetection mechanism provides efficient retransmissons

support for services requiring high data rates in

downlink, e.g. Internet browsing and video on demand.

High data rates up to 10Mbit/s


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WLAN and UMTS

WLAN use examplesHotels Business travelers make full use of their hotel stay by getting broadband access.

Airport loungesAirports offer considerable potential traffic and have good publicity value.

Business parks and campus areasMobile broadband access made available to roaming users and those with no access to a corporate network or

other networks.

Corporate buildings and meeting roomsaccess in meeting rooms and other shared venues.

Exhibition and convention centresaccess to the information needed for presentations

Enhance mobile data services

Wireless LAN is being standardized by the IEEE

11 Mbit/s between a terminal and an access point.

With more advanced modulation technology to give data rates up to 54 Mbit/s.

Encryption of the air interface defined

2G SIM and 3G USIM cards can be used for authentication

3GPP Rel. 6 includes wireless LAN for use with cellular networks


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User Equipment

User Terminal

User Equipment (UE)

+

USIM

Uu

Node B

M bil l


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Mobile concepts - sample

T i l l i & i l l


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Terminal evolution & wireless protocols

dual moderequirement

UE FDD l


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UE FDD power classesWCDMA FDD Power Class Maximum output

powerTolerance

Power class 1 33dBm (2W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 2 27dBm (0.5W) +1dB/-3dB

Power class 3 24dBm (0.25W) +1dB/-3dB

Power class 4 21dBm (0.125W ) +/-2dB

GSM 900 Maximum output power

Power class 1 43dBm (20W) only used in GSM Phase 1

Power class 2 39dBm (8W)

Power class 3 37dBm (5W)Power class 4 33dBm (2W)

Power class 5 29dBm (0.8W)

Note: The maximum output power of FDD PCs 2 till 4 is smaller compared to GSM because ofcontinuous

transmission instead of non-continuous transmission of GSM. The maximum transmission powerdetermines thecell radius.


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UMTS / Universal SIMOwn processor and memory

Two types of data: Specified data

Subscriber dependent

Featuring:

Two name fields per entry

Multiple phone numbers per entry

Support of e-mail address

User definable groupings Call details

USIM security

N ki h d l tf


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Nokia hardware platform

IPA2800 Nokia IP

DX200

HP/SUN

Nokia's interface to the platform


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Nokia's interface to the platform

NEMU - Network Element Management Unit

Future NED

BTS Tools

Nokia Online Services

NetAct

Nokia Core network in Release 99


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Nokia Core network in Release 99

Operator IP network

Packet core

Iu-PS

HLR

GGSN

CG BG DNS

Firewall

Mobility Core

2GSGSN

RAN

2GMSC

RNC3G

SGSN

MGW

BSC

Iu-CS

A

Gb

NMS

PSTNPSTN

PSTNInternet

Mobile Switching Centre


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Mobile Switching Centre

MSCi architecture


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MSCi architecture

OMU

TGFP

CDSU GSW

BSS

NSS

X.25 or

LAN to

OMC and

SMS

PSTN

VLRUCMCMUCCMU STU CHU

ET

ECET

CLS

PABXECET

ET

VDU

andLPT

VDU

and

LPT

PAUBSUMFSU BDCUM

LANLAN

CASUCCSU

MB

LAN

EXT. SYNC.

VANG

OMU - Operation and Maintenance UnitCentralised supervision, alarms, recovery. System softwareCHU/STU - Charging/Statistical UnitsGeneration/storage of CDRs/measurement data storage

VLRU - Visitor Location Register Unit

Storage of temporary subscriber information

CM - Central Memory

Tariffing, signalling, routing and configuration data

CCMU - Common Channel signalling Management Unit

Signalling management functions for CCS7 (SS7)

BDCU - Basic Data Communications Unit

Communication links to O&M, SMSC, Billing Centre

ET - Exchange Terminal

Electrical synchronisation, adaptations of external PCM line

GSW - Group Switch

The actual switching network of the MSCi

M - Marker

Controls the Group Switch

CASU, PAU, BSU, MFSU, CCSU

Signalling units supporting different types of protocols

CLS - Clock System unit

Clock signals for synchronisation

CDSU - Compact Data Service Unit

Enables Circuit Switched data, modem pools, rate adaptation

TGFP - Tone Generator Field Programmable

Generates DTMF signals

ECET - Echo Cancelling and Exchance Terminal

Same as ET, but with echo cancelling capability

CMU - Cellular Management Unit

Cellular radio network and CDSU control

IP Bypassing (optional topic)


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IP Bypassing (optional topic)

Inter-MSC traffic routed through an IP-based data networkinstead of trunk lines.

Main benefits: Cost savings when data connections are cheaper than

PCM links. Synergies with operator's other activities, e.g. only one

inter-city IP network. Enables integration and optimisation of IP network andPCM link based transmission.

Integrated solution enables common operation andmanagement with GSM network and the gateway.

All applications, like mobile transmission and video data,

can use the same network.

MGW for MSC


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MGW for MSC

Iu-CS

PSTN/Transitnetwork

TDM

Nokia 3G MSC

DX 200 MSC

STM-1 MGWRNC

ATM

PCM

Main functions of MGW:

ATM/TDM conversion

Iu/A signalling conversion between narrowband and broadbandCCS7

Transcoding

Block diagram of the MGW for 3G-MSC


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Block diagram of the MGW for 3G-MSC

CACU (Control and Administrative Computer Unit). Controlsswitching fabric units (SFU) based on inputs from InterfaceSignalling Units (ISUs).

CM (Central Memory). Central data storage, distribution facility,CCS7 signalling handling (e.g. digit ananlysis).ISU (Interface Signalling Unit). CN emulation and signallingemulation towards the MSC.

NEMU (Network Element Management Unit). Local userinterface, inter-face towards higher level network management.Some O&M functions.

OMU (Operation and Maintenance Unit). System software, O&Mfunctions, etc.SPMU (Signal Processing Management Unit). Control allocationof MGW for 3G-MSC's digital signalling processors.

TCU (Transcoding Unit). Performs the actual conversionbetween different AMR speech formats and PCM, and viceversa.

SFU (ATM Switching Fabric Units). Switches the calls processedby the exchange.

MXU (Multiplexer Units). Connects network interface units,computer units & signal processing units to the main switchfabric.

A2SU (AAL2 Switching Units). Ensures efficient transport ofinformation with limited transfer delay for units connected to themain switch fabric.

Nokia 3G MSC & MGW - Summary


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Media Gateway: 5120 transcoding channels 8 RNCs IPA 2800 platform Iu-CS interface

MSCi: Simultaneous support for UMTS (A')

andGSM (A) traffic 600 000 BHCA 16 700 Erlangs 600 000 subscribers +

200 000 telemetric subscriber 100% IN/SCE traffic support

Nokia 3G MSC & MGW - Summary

Iu-CS

PSTN/Transit

network

TDM

Nokia 3G MSC

DX 200 MSC

STM-1 MGWRNC

ATM

PCM

DX 200 HLRi


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DX 200 HLRi

O M U

G S W

X.25 orLAN toOMC andSMS

MSC

S T U

E T

C L S

HLRE T

VDUandLPT

VDU

andLPT

C M MC C S U B D C U

A C U D B D UH L R UE M U

E I R U

MB

LAN

Nokia HLRi capacities


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Nokia HLRi capacities 1 200 000 subscribers + 400 000 telemetric subscribers AuC capacity 2.4 million subscribers

EIR with: 4 million entries in the black list (up to 1 000IMEIs/entry) 4 million entries in the grey list (up to 1 000IMEIs/entry)

200 000 entries in the white list (up to 1 000 000IMEIs/entry)

Mobile Number Portability Solution(SRRi)


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(SRRi) The Service

Routing Registeris to remove excesssignalling andcomplex databasesand routing, bymanaging the

address of eachsubscriber.

SRRiDatabase

HLR HLR

MSC

SGSN

MSISDN1 - rerouting info

MSISDN2 - rerouting info

.

.

1

Othernetworks

In some countries,the law states thatsubscribers must

be able to keeptheir number ifthey change theoperator.

SRRi architecture


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SRRi architecture

GSW

CCSU CMM BDCU

SRRU OMU

X.25 or LAN

to OMCand SMS

MESSAGE BUS

ET

CLS

MSCHLR

VDU and LPT

ET

STU

LAN LAN

DBDU

LAN LAN

VDU and LPT

Packet switched core network overview


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Router

SGSN

BG

LegalInterceptionGateway

DomainNameServer

BorderGateway

Serving GPRSSupport Node

CG

GGSN

Firewall

GatewayGPRS

Support Node

LocalArea NW

Server

ChargingGateway

Corporate

DNS

2G & 3G

GPRS BackboneIP Network

Internet

GSM BSS or3G RAN

Inter-PLMNNetwork

Intranet

3G-SGSN & GGSN


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3G SGSN & GGSN The 3G-SGSN & GGSN are built on the IP Platform

(2G-SGSN uses the Nokia DX200 Platform).

Power supplies

Cooling fans

Cable guides

Processor units on2 trays

1193

In UMTS some of thefunctionality needed in the2G-SGSN is now included asfunctions in the RNC.

The 3G-SGSN is a compactunit.

System structure of Nokia 3G-SGSN


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System structure of Nokia 3G SGSN

Iu

Gn

Internal maintenance bus

Gr, Gf, Gd

E1/T1SMM UnitMobility Management Session Management Signalling

ATM

STM-1

100 BaseTx1000 BaseT

ForwardingUnit

Central RouteProcessor Unit

O&M Routing

TunnellingUnit

E1/T1

SS7Unit

ATMSTM-1

Capacity


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Capacity

Max number of subscribers: 300 000

Throughput and number of connections: 900 Mbps and 200 000 PDP contexts OR 600 Mbps and 600 000 PDP contexts (512 byte packet size)

Connection attempts: 600 PDP procedures per

second 300 000 SMS messages per hour

Interfaces of 3G-SGSN


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Interfaces of 3G SGSN

3G SGSN

3G SGSN3G SGSN

Gn

Gr

Gf

Gd

3G Core Network

(HPLMN)

HLR & AUC

EIR

SMSC

Iu

Gp3G Core Network

(VPLMN)

RNC

NMS

CG

Ga

Other packet core network elements


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Other packet core network elements

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)Nokia version based on IP650 or IP740 routers

Release 2, IP650: 150 000 PDP contexts100 Mbps (1400 byte packets)

Release 2, IP740: 1 million PDP contexts400 Mbps (1400 byte packets)

Both can interact with 2G-SGSN and 3G-SGSN

BG (Border Gateway) Router to Inter-PLMN data network

DNS (Domain Name Server) Access point name IP address of correct GGSN

CG (Charging Gateway)

LIG (Legal/Lawful Interception Gateway)

Nokia FlexiFamily


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Nokia FlexiFamily

High-availability carrier-grade server platform

Linux based

Nokia IP Multimedia Subsystem servers based on NokiaFlexiServer

Nokia FlexiGateway a carrier-grade gateway platform and thefuture basis for network user-plane functions such as packet

routing and processing

Nokia FlexiGateway, with specially designed content-awareprovisioning extensions, will gradually complete theimplementation of the All-IP architecture

o a u me a ore o u on(simplified)


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(simplified)

HLRMSC/MSS

SGSN

SGSNGGSN

GGSN

CG

LIG

BG

DNS

IMR CPS

GERAN/UTRAN

MPC

MGW

IP Multimedia core

Traffic on PoC Network


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SGSNPAPUunits

BSCPCUunits

BTS

GGSNWith PoCAPN

GPRSbackbonenetwork

Customer Care andBilling

ProvisioningNetwork Management

WEB basedManagement Provisioning Self provisioning

PoC CallProcessors

PoC Register

LDAP parametermanagement

GPRS

Green elements required for PoC

IP layer

Service managementRadio access

layerarchitecture

Consumers

Access Control& EnterpriseConnectivity

HTTP human interfaceCommunicationParameters(timers)

CDRparameters

SUN

Operator Data Center

Enterprises

SystemParameters

Sub SystemServerParameters

Radiointerfacemanagement

Packet Core management

Nokia ICD System Release 1, ED 1


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ISN 1.1

Gi

Contentproviders

Gn

Serviceaccess

CG 4.0BSS

GGSN4.0

TA 1.2

OSC1.0

NSM 1.0

CA 1.1

ICDNetAct

3.1 ED2

CD 9/03

Prepaid System

OSS

CCBS

GGSNfunctions

TrafficAnalyser

Contentfunctions

Single Click Access


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Nokia ICD System

SinglePDPContext

Operator MMSService

OperatorEmail Service

OperatorWAP

Service

ServiceProvider

WAPService

GGSN

ap1.operator.com

AP

Serviceswitching

Single APNconfigured interminal

PDP Context

Nokia ISN

Accesssettingsscreen

Charging options in the Nokia ICDSystem


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System Volume-based charging

Transferred data volume Per service, not limited to PDP Context Bytes of transferred data

Event-based charging Event (transaction/hit to a specific WAP/HTTP URL) A request/response pair Number of events

Time-based charging Distinguish active/inactive usage time) Subscription (free access during subscription period Seconds of data transfer

Subscription-based charging Free access during content service subscription period May be combined with event-based charging

Nokia Intelligent EDGE Solution


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CPS

Multi-access

Service enablers

Messaging Download andstreaming

Supportingenablers

IP network

Content servicproviders

Applicationservice provide

Internet

CorporateIntranet

Mobile Virtualnetwork operato

Service Core

Session controlDynamic subscriptionManagement andregisters

Intelligentcharging control

Service aware packet connectivity

Radio Network Controller


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Radio network supervision

Radio resourcemanagement

Mobility management

Support open interfaces Iu &Iur

Flexible and modularplatform in Nokia's version

Height 1.8m

Width 0.6mDepth 0.6m

RNC architectureRESOURCE AND SWITCH

MANAGEMENT UNIT

Functions:

AAL2 SWITCHING UNIT

F ti

RADIO RESOURCEMANAGEMENT UNIT

Functions:

MULTIPLEXER UNIT

Functions:- Multiplexing towards SFU

SWITCHING FABRIC UNIT

Functions:- ATM Switching

INTERFACE CONTROL ANDSIGNALLING UNIT

F ti


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DMCU

GTPU

TCP/IP

NEMU OMU

RSMU

RRMU

ICSU

SFU

MXU

A2SU

Functions:- RNC wide functions- ATM switch management- DSP resource managementCharacteristics:- Pentium based- 2n redundant

NIU

NIU

NETWORK INTERFACE UNIT

Functions:- Physical layer functions- ATM layer functions- IU, IUR, IUB

Characteristics:- No redundancy

Functions:- AAL2 minipacket processingCharacteristics:- SN+1 redundant

Functions:- Macrodiversity combining- Outer loop power control- RLC, MAC, PDCP functions- CipheringCharacteristics:- ~6000 MIPS- SN+1 redundant

DATA AND MACRODIVERSITYCOMBINING UNIT

NETWORK ELEMENTMANAGEMENT UNIT

Functions:

- Graphical user interfaces- Key Perfomance Indicators- NMS interfaceCharacteristics:- Pentium based- No redundancy

OPERATION ANDMAINTENANCE UNIT

Functions:

- O&M functions- RNW database- recovery functionsCharacteristics:- Pentium based- 2n redundant

TIMING AND HARDWAREMANAGEMENT BUS UNIT

Functions:- RNC syncronization- HW managementCharacteristics:- TSS3 RNC level- TBUF subrack level- 2n redundant TBU

Functions:- UDP/IP termination- GTP forwardingCharacteristics:- Pentium based- SN+1 redundant

GPRS TUNNELING PROTOCOL UNIT

Functions:- RNC wide radio resourcemanagement functionsCharacteristics:- Pentium based- 2n redundant

Multiplexing towards SFUCharacteristics:- 622 Mbit/s towards SFU- 2n redundant

ATM SwitchingCharacteristics:- 8 switching ports- 5 Gbit/s- 2n redundant

Functions:- L3 protocol functions

- RANAP, RNSAP, NBAP- RRC

Characteristics:

- Pentium based- RN+1 redundant

Radio Network Controller site solution


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1 2

3

4

5

Scalable traffic capacity in 5 steps

48 - 196 Mbit/s nominal capacity Any traffic mix of voice and data Redundant structure

1800mm

600mm

600 + 600mm

RNC Capacities


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High Capacity RNC 1 2 3 4 5

Number of subscribers 73000 130000 186000 240000 300000

Busy Hour Call Attempts 40500 81500 122000 163000 204000

Erlangs 1300 2700 4000 5400 6800

Throughput Mbits/sec 48 85 122 159 196Number of carriers 384 576 768 960 1152

Number of BTSs 128 192 256 320 384

Nokia WCDMA base station solution


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Base station sites: Macrocell sites Microcell sites Picocell sites

What is the difference betweensite cell and sector?


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site, cell and sector?

A site is a physicalcabinet withcarriers/TRXs.

A site may have one or

more cells. Cells that belong to a site

with more than one cellare usually referred to asa sector.

WCDMA- 1 carrier= 5MHzGSM

- 1 TRX ~ 7 trafficchannels

Different frequencies

GSM/WCDMA solutionCo-located sites


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Co-located sites

Nokia WCDMA Tri-mode UltraSite


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GSM+EDGEpart

WCDMApart

mode UltraSiteWCDMA configuration:

1+1+1. 5W

2+2+2. 2W

BTS capacity: max. 10 Mbits/s percabinet

Other features:

Either 12 GSM/EDGE transceiversor

6 GSM/EDGE and 3 WCDMAcarriers

(6 in Release 2)

Nokia WCDMA UltraSite solution


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Indoor

Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS

Optima

Outdoor


Optima Compact

Outdoor


Supreme

Indoor Outdoor

Site support


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Site support units cancontain batteries in

case of main failure,transmissionequipment, and more.

Batteries

3rd party transmission

Nokia MetroSite solution


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Nokia MetroHub--- Transmission Node

Battery Backup

Nokia MetroHopper Radio

Nokia FlexiHopper Microwave Radio

Nokia MetroSite EDGEBase Station

900/1800 MHz GSM,EDGE networks

Nokia MetroSiteWCDMA Base Station

2 GHz WCDMAnetworks

Co-locating GSM &WCDMA BTS

Nokia WLAN technology


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Transmission


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Sites are connectedtogether in different

ways to optimisecost, whilst assuringthe best quality andredundancy.

The links can bewire, optical or radiomicrowave links.

RNC

IUIUr

BSC

MSC

A

AXU

Multiplexer eg MetroHub

3G BTS

2G BTS

ATM crossconnect unit

What do base station sites look like?UltraHoppers


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Base station sites can be found in manydifferent places and in different forms.

The sites are connected together indifferent ways.

X-pol. antennas

Site support Base Station

FlexiHopper

UltraHoppers

MetroHoppers

Asynchronous Transfer Mode


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Packet / cell based transmission

48 octets (bytes) of payload, 5 octets of header perpacket (ATM cell)

Examples of physical interfaces:STM-1E1

Ethernet

Management of 3G/UMTS networksIPTGWMAX3G BTSWAP PPG

WTA


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The past decade has seen anincrease in the type and

number of network elements.This has lead to morecomplex networks.

93 9995 97 2002

MSCBSC

BTS

MSCBSC

BTSBTS(D)

MSCBSC

BTSPDHSDHFSC

MSCBSCBTSPDH

SDH

FSCSCP

SMSC

GGSNBG

MSCBSC

BTSPDHSDHFSCSCPSMSCSGSN

GGSNBG

MSCBSC

BTSPDHSDHFSCSCPSMSCSGSN

WAP GWGIOxDSLRAN

BRAN

WLAN

PKI

CPS

NCCProfiler

GGSNBG

MSCBSCBTSPDHSDH

FSCSCP

SMSCSGSN

WAP GWGIO

EDGEUTRAN

HSS

IGSN

Appl

Servers

MMSCWTA server

RANxDSL

Chatserver

Business

Mgmt

Business

Mgmt

ServiceManagement

ServiceManagement

NetworkManagement

NetworkManagement

Network Element

Management

Network Element

Management

Network ElementsNetwork Elements

3GPP is focusing on Network andService Management layers to establish3G operation support standard.

Network element management taskson a single element.

Network management tasks on manyelements at the same time.

Nokia NetAct Solution


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Business

ManagementSystems

ServiceManagementSystems

NetworkManagementSystems

Element

ManagementSystems

Functions of Service management systems:

Take care of subcriber data Provision services and subscribers Collect and rate, bill offered services Create, promote and monitor services

Network management system (NMS): Collect information from the underlying networks

and pre/post-process the raw data Analyse and distribute information Optimise network capacity and quality

Element management systems (EM): EMs are part of the NE (RNC, BTS, AXC,etc.)

functionality Monitor the functioning of the equipment

Collect raw data (performance indicators) Local GUI provided for site engineers Mediate towards the NMS system

MIS

PlanningSystem

BTS

BTS AXC

RNC NE x

NE y

CCB

NE = network element, CCB = customer care andbilling, MIS = management information system

NMS

Nokia NetAct frame structure


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Workflow Manager

Reporter

Administrator

3rd Party Tools

Rating &Charging

Planner

Configurator &Provisioning

Monitor

Service QualityManager

Unified Mediationand Adaptation

Network

Common networktypology

Common WEB GUI

Nokia network management tools


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Ueno 1-1 Shinj uku 1 Shinj uku 2Otemachi1

RNC RNC RNCRNC RNC

Ikebukuro1-1

Tokyoarea- north

Megur o 1-1 T okyo 2-1 Shibya 1-1Tokyo1-1

RNC RNC RNCRNC RNC

Shibya 2-1

Tokyoarea- south

NMS

terminal

printer

Power

Vent.

RNC site17

Marunouchibldg

7F

Marunouchi1-2-3

Chioda-ku

site manager:

SatoAkiyoshi

tel:0904002 8196

NMS site

BTS LocalManagement Tool

BTS site

Monitoring

The monitoring of alarms involve collecting alarms and


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The monitoring of alarms involve collecting alarms andstatistics to identify problems in the network.

Problem detection

Problemidentification Problemhandling

Verification

Radio network planning & development


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Radio AccessNetwork

Radio networkplanning toolNokia TOTEM

3rd party

planningtool

PlanningInterface

Plan management in NMS

PlanRepository

PlanModification

Radionetworkplanning

PlanProvisioning

NMS provides

a Web Site forRNW plans:

l storage

l edit

l download,activate &

rollbackl upload actual

configuration

Intranet

RNW planin XMLformat

RNC

BTS

BTS

BTS

ATMModule

Summary of Nokia network evolution


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Release 3 ('99) Architecture

Application Platforms

UTRAN - WCDMA air interfaceE h d t k f ti lit


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FiberFiber

DXC

MWRTDM Access

RAN Mobility Core

Control Plane

Gateway Plane

2GSGSN

3GSGSN GGSN

Application Platforms

Internet GatewayMultimedia Messaging

e-mailGame platform

NokiaCharging

Center

NokiaChargingGateway

RNC

BSC

HLR

3GMSC

NMS

Internet

PSTN

GSM BTS

TripleModeBTS

WCDMA BTS

Enhanced core network functionalityNew service architecture

Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)Rel.99UTRAN WCDMA air interface


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UTRAN - WCDMA air interfaceEnhanced core network functionalityNew service architecture

Rel.4Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficientStatistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aimMore efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offEvolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced serviGERAN implementation

3GPP Release 5 architectureRel.99UTRAN WCDMA air interface


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UTRAN - WCDMA air interfaceEnhanced core network functionalityNew service architecture

Rel.4Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficientStatistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aimMore efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex servicesEvolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advancGERAN implementation

Rel.5IP Multimedia SubsystemHigh Speed Downlink Packet AccessIP transport in the core networkIP transport in UTRANEnd to end IP services

Simpler service integration due to simplified protocol stacksEasy integration and enabling of instant messaging,precence information and real time conversation services

Review 1/9

AbisGSM/EDGEGb


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Gn GINokia

2G/3G

GGSN

Nokia

BSC

Nokia2G

SGSN

Gn

TC-

SM

Ater

PSTNPSTNPSTN

InternetInternetInternet

AbisGSM/EDGEBTS

A

MSC

MGW

3G-SGSNIU-PS

IU-CS

RNC

Node B /WCDMA BTS

IUr

IUbUu

Review (2/9)

2. Which of the following information is not kept on the SIM?


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a) IMSI number

b) SMS messages

c) Network information (that is, location area)

d) Time and date

3. Which of the following alternatives include radio accessspecifications (more than one)?

a) GSM

b) IP

c) EDGE

d) UTRAN

Review (3/9)

4. Which of the following alternatives are NOT functions of


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the base station?

a) Speech codingb) Transmission of signal

c) Modulation

d) Charging datageneration

5. TRUE orFALSE?Batteries are used at a site as an alternative source of

energy for the BTS in case of a power failure.

Review (4/9)

6 Wh t fi ti i thi ?


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6. What configuration is this?

a) A distant starconfiguration

b) A tail configuration

c) A loop configuration

d) A chain configuration

e) None of the above

Review (5/9)

7. If we say that the BTS is a 2+2+2, what does it mean?


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a) There are 3 locations where we can find 2 sites.

b) A single site is divided into 3 cells, each with 2TRXs/carriers.c) A single site is divided into 2 cells, each with 3TRXs/carriers.d) A TRX/carrier is divided into 3 time slots.

8. The Iur interface is used between two RNCs. What is thepurpose of this interface?

a) There is no use for this interface.

b) It is used for soft handovers.c) It is used to transfer software files.d) It is used when a RNC has a hardware failure.

Review (6/9)

9 Which of the following is NOT a function of the RNC?


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9. Which of the following is NOT a function of the RNC?

a) Management of radio channels

b) Power controlc) Handover controld) Charging

10. Which of the following are NOT elements of the corenetwork?

a) MSCb) HLR

c) GGSNd) BTS

Review (7/9)

11. In which elements is the coding/decoding ofspeech


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g g pperformed?

a) Mobile and BTSb) Mobile and RNCc) Mobile and Multimedia Gateway (MGW)d) Mobile and HLR

12. Which of the following are functions of the 3G-SGSN?

a) Protocol conversion between RAN and IPb) Charging information generation

c) Radio channel allocationd) Authentication of a mobile

Review (8/9)

13 What is the principle aim of IP Telephony?


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13. What is the principle aim ofIP Telephony?a) To fully use a circuit switched connection

b) To fully use an IP connectionc) To support video servicesd) None of the above

14. Which of the following sentences are false?

a) MGW for 3G-MSC contains transcoding function.b) 2G-SGSN can be upgraded to 3G-SGSN.c) The existing MSC, HLR will support 3G by SW

upgraded) GGSN will be compatible to both 2G and 3G

GPRS network elements by minor SW and HWupgrade.

Review (9/9)


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Speech transcoding, signalling conversion, ATM-TDMconversion

15. What are the main functions of MGW for 3G-MSC?

02UMTS Network Architecturenew

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