(020813)Occupational Health and Safety Rdc

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the courser, the participants will be able to:

Recognize the occupational safety and health standards; and,

Explain the basic safety concept and principle.

Course Outline• Introduction

• Occupational Safety and Health Standards• Basic Safety Concept

• Housekeeping• Fire Safety• Electrical Safety• Personal Protective Equipment and Devices• Lock-out/Tag-out (LOTO)

• Safety Practices• Power and Hand Tool Safety• Machine Shop Safety

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

• Issued under the authority granted to the Department of Labor and Employment under Article 162, Book IV of P.D. 442 otherwise known as “Labor Code of the Philippines”.

• First Issue (1978)

• Second Issue (1989)

“To protect every working man against the dangers of injury, sickness or death through safe and healthy working conditions thereby assuring the conservation of valuable resources and the prevention of loss or damage to lives and properties.”

GENERAL PROVISIONS

The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) shall administer and enforce the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards.

RULE 1000 GENERAL PROVISIONRULE 1010 OTHER SAFETY RULESRULE 1020 REGISTRATION

RULE 1030 TRAINING OF PERSONNEL IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

1031 Training Programs1032 Accreditation1033 Training and Personnel Complement1034.01Qualification of a Safety Consultant1034.02 Prohibition in the Practice of Occupational Safety and Health

RULE 1040 HEALTH AND SAFETY COMMITTEE

1041 General Requirements1042 Types and Composition of Health and Safety Committee1043 Duties of the Health and Safety Committee1044 Term of Office of Members1045 Duties of Employers1046 Duties of Workers1047 Duties of the Safety Man1048 Other Types of Safety Organizations

RULE 1050 NOTIFICATION AND KEEPING OF RECORDS OF ACCIDEENTS AND/OR OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESSES

1051 Definitions1052 Special Provision1053 Report Requirements1054 Keeping of Records1055 Evaluation of Disability1056 Measurement of Performance

RULE 1060 PREMISES OF ESTABLISHMENTS

1060.01General Provisions1061 Construction and Maintenance1062 Space Requirement1063 Walkway Surface1064 Floor and Wall Opening1065 Stairs1066 Window Openings1067 Fixed Ladders1068 Overhead Walks, Runways and Platforms1069 Yards

RULE 1070 OCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL

1071 General Provisions1072 Threshold Limit Values for Airborne Contaminants1073 Threshold Limit Values for Airborne Contaminants (Tables)1074 Physical Agents1075 Illumination1076 General Ventilation1077 Working Environment Measurement

Control - regulate or restrain

Hazard - is an unsafe act or condition which if left uncontrolled may contribute to an accident.

Risk - chance of personal or physical loss.

SAFETY is the control of hazards to attain an acceptable level of risk.

• undesired, unplanned occurrence that results in injury or harm to persons, property or the environment.

• usually a contact with a source of energy above the threshold limit of the body or structure

ACCIDENT

Unsafe Act

is a violation of an accepted safe procedures which could permit the occurrence of an accident.

Unsafe Condition

is a hazardous physical condition or circumstance, which could permit the occurrence of an accident.

Causes of Accidents:

• Direct Cost - medical, compensation

• Indirect Cost

Time lost from work by:

- Injured person

- Fellow employees

- Damage to tools and equipment

Hidden Cost of Accidents

MEASUREMENT OF FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY RATES

Disabling Injury/Illness Frequency Rate (FR)

- is based upon the total number of

deaths, permanent total, permanent partial

and temporary total disabilities which occur

during the period covered by the rate.

No. of disabling injury x 1,000,000 Frequency Rate = ---------------------------------------

Employee-hours of Exposure


Disabling Injury/Illness Severity Rate (SR) - is based on the total of all scheduled charges for all deaths, permanent total and permanent partial disabilities, plus the total actual days of disabilities of all temporary total disability which occur during the period covered by the rate.


Total Days Lost x 1,000,000 Severity Rate = -------------------------------------------

Employee-hours of Exposure


Disabling injury- a work injury which results in permanent total, permanent partial, or temporary total disabilities.

Death- any fatality resulting from a work injury regardless of the time intervening between injury and death.

Permanent Total Disability- any injury or sickness other than death

which permanently and totally incapacitates an employee from engaging from any gainful occupation or which results in the loss or the complete loss of use of any of the following in one accident:• both eyes;• one eye and one hand, or arm, or leg, or

foot;

Permanent Total Disability

• any two of the following not in the same limb, hand, arm, foot, leg;

• permanent complete paralysis of two limbs;

• brain injury resulting in incurable imbecility or insanity.

Permanent Partial Disability - any injury other than death or permanent

total disability which results in the loss or loss of use of any member of part of a member of the body regardless of any pre-existing disability of the injured member or impaired body function.

Temporary Total Disability- any injury or illness which does not result in

death or permanent total of permanent partial disability but which result in disability from work from a day or more.

Total Days Lost- the combined total for all injuries or illnesses

of: all days of disability resulting from temporary total injuries or illnesses; and/or all scheduled charges assigned to fatal, permanent total and permanent partial injuries or illnesses.

Scheduled Charges - the specific charge (in full days) assigned to

a permanent partial injuries or illnesses (Table of Tabulation of Scheduled Charges)

Employee-Hours of Exposure - the total number of employee-hours worked by all employees of the reporting

establishment or unit.

Disabling Injury Frequency Rate- the number of disabling injuries per 1,000,000

employee-hours of exposure rounded to the nearest two (2) decimal places.

Disabling Injury Severity Rate - the number of days lost per 1,000,000

employee-hour of exposure rounded to the nearest whole number.

Death resulting from accident shall be assigned a time charge of 6,000 days.

Permanent Total Disability resulting from work accident shall be assigned a time charge of 6,000 days.

Charges:

Permanent Partial Disability either traumatic or surgical, resulting from work accident shall be assigned the time charge as provided in Table on Tabulation of Scheduling Charges. This charges shall be used whether the actual number of days lost is greater or less than the scheduled charges or even if no actual days are lost at all.

Charges:

• For each finger or toe, use only charge for the highest valued bone involved. For computations of more than one finger or toe, total the separate charges for each finger or toe.

Charges: Permanent Partial Disability

• Loss of hearing is considered a permanent partial disability only in the event of industrial impairment of hearing from traumatic injury, industrial noise exposure or occupational illness.


• For permanent impairment affecting more than one part of the body the total charge shall be the sum of the schedule charges for the individual body parts. If the total exceeds 6,000 days, the charge shall be 6,000 days.


• Where an employee suffers from both permanent partial disability and temporary total disability in one accident, the greater days lost shall be used and shall determine the injury classification.


• The charge for any permanent partial disability other than those identified in the schedule of time charges shall be the percentage of 6,000 days as determined by the physician authorized by the employer to treat the injury or illness.


Charges:

• The charge for a Temporary Total Disability shall be the number of calendar days of disability resulting from the injury or illness.

TABULATION OF SCHEDULED CHARGESA. For Loss of Member - Traumatic or Surgical

FINGERS, THUMB AND HEADAmputation involving all or part of bone Fingers

Thumb Index Middle Ring Little Distal Phalange 300 100 75 60 50Middle Phalange - 200 150 120 100Proximal Phalange 600 400 300 240 200Metacarpal 900 600 500 450 400

TOE, FOOT AND ANKLEAmputation involving all or part of bone Great Toe Fingers

Distal Phalange 150 35Middle Phalange - 75Proximal Phalange 300 150Metatarsal 600 350Foot at ankle, 2400


ARMAny point above elbow, including joint 4500Any point above wrist and at or below elbow 3600

LEG Any point above knee 4500Any point above ankle at or below knee 300


B. Impairment of Function

One eye (loss of sight), 1800Both eyes (loss of sight), 6000One ear (complete industrial loss of hearing) 600Both ears (complete industrial loss of hearing) 3000Un-repaired Hernia 50

TABULATION OF SCHEDULED CHARGES

HOUSEKEEPING

Housekeeping is not just cleanliness; it is effective workplace organization.

Housekeeping is important because it eliminates workplace hazards thus it lessens accidents and related injuries and illnesses.

SIGNS OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING

cluttered and poorly arranged areas untidy or dangerous storage of

materials items no longer needed or in excess blocked aisles and exists dusty, dirty floors and work surfaces tools and equipment left in work areas

SIGNS OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING

overflowing waste bins and containers presence of spills and leaks overcrowded/disorderly shelves and

storage areas presence of rusty and dirty materials

and equipment

ACCIDENTS FROM POOR HOUSEKEEPING

being hit by falling objectstripping over loose objects on floors, stairs and

platformsslipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfacesstriking against projecting, poorly stacked items or

misplaced materialcutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or

other parts of the body on projecting nails, wire or steel strapping

electrocution from exposed & unattended live wireshaving skin burns from unexpected fires

Why do we need to practice good housekeeping at work?

• improves the company’s image

• helps the company in maintaining inventory to a minimum

• helps to effectively use workspace

• makes the workplace neat, comfortable, and pleasant – not a dangerous eyesore

Recommended Housekeeping Practices

• Keep work areas clean

• Keep aisles clear

• Keep exits and entrance clear

• Keep floors clean, dry, and in good condition

• Vacuum or wet sweep dusty areas frequently

• Stack and store items safely

• Store all work materials in approved, clearly labeled containers in designated storage areas only.

• Use proper waste containers

• Keep sprinklers, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers clear

• Clean up spills and leaks of any type quickly and properly

• Clean and store tools, items, and equipment properly

• Fix or report broken or damaged tools, equipment, etc.

• Keep lighting sources clean and clear

• Follow maintenance procedure

Recommended Housekeeping Practices

Management’s RoleProvide adequate equipment.Include housekeeping budget in operations

planning.Include good housekeeping as part of

individual’s job responsibility.Provide clean up schedule.Maintain executive and supervisory interest.

ORGANIZATION

Supervisor’s Role

Maintain constant check on housekeeping conditions.

Correct unusual situations or perform cleanup immediately.

Plan for orderliness in all operations.Issue definite instructions to employee.Insist on housekeeping after every job.

Workers’ Role

Follow housekeeping proceduresMaintain an orderly workplaceReport to supervisors any unsafe condition

What is 5S?

a tool that represents the basic principles of housekeeping and workplace organization. It is more than cleaning and painting. It is a disciplined approach to keep the workplace efficient and effective.

PLANNING

The 5S of Good Housekeeping

1. SEIRI -- Sort/ Clearing up

2. SEITON -- Systematize/ Organize

3. SEISO – Sweep/ Sanitize/ Clean

4. SEIKETSU – Standardize

5. SHITSUKE – Self-discipline/ Training

Take out unnecessary items and dispose

Arrange necessary items in good order

Clean your workplace

Maintain high standard of housekeeping

Do 5S spontaneously

Benefits of 5S

Achieve work standardizationImprove efficiency, quality and productivityIncrease profitabilitySimplify work environmentImprove safety and enhance moral and

pride of employees

Benefits of 5S Sales Savings Standardization Satisfaction Safety

MONITORING

WHAT: Monitor how unit is meeting its plan

REFERENCE: Unit objectives and 5S implementation plan

WHO MONITORS: Unit leaders/ supervisors

FREQUENCY: Weekly (Suggested)

HOUSEKEEPING CHECKLIST

• Aisles• Exits and Entrance• Hand and Portable Tools• Fire Fighting Equipment• Floors• Ladders• Lighting• Machines• Roadways, Parking Areas• Signs, Tags• Stacking and Storage• Stairs• Ventilation System• Waste Disposal

Location : Date:

RemarksItems

EVALUATION

Reports, photos, report findings and recommendation.

Evaluation criteria.Recognition.

HOUSEKEEPING is an ongoing operation: it is not a hit-and-miss cleanup done occasionally…it is an EVERYDAY job!

Conclusion…

BOSH - Fire Prevention and Protection

Introduction to Fire Prevention and ProtectionDefinition of termsBasic elements of fireCauses and classes of firesExtinguishing methods and materialsFire fighting equipment maintenanceThe hot work permit systemEmergency (Fire) Organization

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CONTENTSCONTENTS


Have You Seen Actual Have You Seen Actual Fire Situations Like Fire Situations Like

These?These?


Introduction:Introduction:

Fire prevention is not just a fireman’s job; all of us have a responsibility to learn and be educated on it! Fire is the third leading cause of accidental deaths. Yet, most people ignore this. More than 150 workplace fires occur every day.


What is F I R E ?F I R E ? Great warmth feeling towards the opposite sex; it is excitement.

The heat or burning that destroy things, lives, or properties.

Is a result from fast chemical reaction between a combustible substance and oxygen, accompanied by the generation of heat.


What is F I R E ?F I R E ?FIRE – rapid oxidation

Espanol = fuego Tagalog = apoy Cebuano = kayo Ilongo = kalayo Pampango (also Bahasa)

= api Ilocano = dumardarang

FIRE – destroying property

Espanol = esta quemando (burning)

Tagalog/Cebuano/Ilongo = sunog

Pampango = silab

Ilocano = maor-uram


Causes of Fire…Causes of Fire… Electrical Electrical (“Dagitab”)(“Dagitab”)

Hot Work - Welding and CuttingHot Work - Welding and Cutting(“Pag-gamit ng mga bagay na may liyab”)(“Pag-gamit ng mga bagay na may liyab”)

StovesStoves (”Kalan”)(”Kalan”)

Smoking (“Paninigarilyo”)Smoking (“Paninigarilyo”) Poor HousekeepingPoor Housekeeping (“Masamang Kaayusan”)(“Masamang Kaayusan”)


Results of Fire…Results of Fire…Besides the unimaginable devastation, fire Besides the unimaginable devastation, fire can burn victims wherein the average hospital can burn victims wherein the average hospital stay is:stay is:

Percentage of Burn Length of Hospital stay(National Average)

1-10% 28 days11-20% 37 days21-39% 53 days40-60% 88 days

61% and over 80% die


BURN: BURN: The Rule of NinesThe Rule of Nines9

18

9 9

9 9

Back: 18Up to 5 yrs. Old:

• 18

• 13.5


Results of Fire … BurnResults of Fire … Burn Burn injury is a major injury that affects all Burn injury is a major injury that affects all parts of the human system;parts of the human system;

The average burn patient takes 2-5 years to The average burn patient takes 2-5 years to mentally recover;mentally recover;

Most workers are hesitant to return to same Most workers are hesitant to return to same work situation in which they were burned. work situation in which they were burned. Professional rehabilitation is always Professional rehabilitation is always necessary.necessary.


DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONSCOMBOROLOGY is the science that deals with

the study of fireFIRE PROTECTION is the field that covers fire

prevention, detection and extinguishmentFIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING is a highly

developed & specialized field that utilizes various engineering disciplines


DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONSFLASHPOINT (FP) is the lowest temperature at

which a liquid will give off enough vapors to ignite {flash} if it comes in contact with an ignition source (such as a spark or flame)

FIRE POINT – is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid vapor can be ignited and the combustion is sustained.


DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONSFLAMMABLE – FP is less than 100 degrees

FahrenheitCOMBUSTIBLE – FP is at or above 100 degrees

Fahrenheit


DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATUREAUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE(Or simply: Ignition Temperature)(Or simply: Ignition Temperature)

The minimum temperature required for a substance to self-ignite (no other source of ignition). The auto ignition temperature is much higher than the flashpoint for any substance.


DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONSSPONTANEOUS COMBUSTIONSPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION

TThe process of catching fire as a result of heat generated by internal chemical action

It can occur at or below room temperature by internal heat accumulation due to auto- oxidation, or by exposure to air of substances highly sensitive to oxidation(e.g. phosphorus)


DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONSFLASHBACKFLASHBACK

RRapid travel of a spreading gas from a source of ignition back to the point at which it originated.

Flashback occurs when a gas or vapor heavier than air travels at a low level to an ignition source.


FuelFuel HeaHeatt

OxygenOxygenChemical Reaction

(Uninhibited Reaction of Free Radicals)


FuelFuelAny combustible materials such as:Any combustible materials such as:Solid: coal, plastic, wax, grain, leather, Solid: coal, plastic, wax, grain, leather, wood, paper, etc.,wood, paper, etc.,Liquid: diesel, gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, Liquid: diesel, gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, paint, varnish, oil, etc.paint, varnish, oil, etc.Gases: natural gas, propane, butane, Gases: natural gas, propane, butane, hydrogen, acetylene, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, acetylene, carbon monoxide, etc.etc.Note: This determines the CLASS of Fire; remember: Note: This determines the CLASS of Fire; remember: it is the “vapor” that burnsit is the “vapor” that burns


HeatHeatIs the energy necessary to increase the Is the energy necessary to increase the

temperature of the fuel to a point where temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur. (E.g.., sun, lightning, friction or super occur. (E.g.., sun, lightning, friction or super hot objects)hot objects)

The FLASH POINT (FP) of materials or fuel The FLASH POINT (FP) of materials or fuel varies; the lower the FP the more ignitable varies; the lower the FP the more ignitable (flammable or combustible) it becomes(flammable or combustible) it becomes


OxygenOxygenThe air we breathe which is about 21% oxygenThe air we breathe which is about 21% oxygen

Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16% Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16% oxygenoxygen

Oxygen at 19.5% = warning levelOxygen at 19.5% = warning levelMinimum air:fuel mixture = 15:1Minimum air:fuel mixture = 15:1


Chemical Chemical ReactionReactionOccurs when the other three (3) elements are Occurs when the other three (3) elements are

present in the proper conditions and proportions.present in the proper conditions and proportions.

Vapors of gases which are distilled during burning Vapors of gases which are distilled during burning process of a material are carried into the flame.process of a material are carried into the flame.


Classes of FiresClasses of FiresClass AClass A Ordinary CombustiblesOrdinary Combustibles

(Solids, normally organic nature)(Solids, normally organic nature)Examples:Examples:Paper, Wood, Rags, Paper, Wood, Rags, Rubbish, Coal andRubbish, Coal andNatural FibersNatural Fibers


Classes of FiresClasses of FiresClass BClass B Vapor/air mixture over Vapor/air mixture over

surface of flammable or surface of flammable or combustible liquidscombustible liquids

Examples: Gasoline, Solvents, Examples: Gasoline, Solvents, Grease, Petrol, Hydraulic Grease, Petrol, Hydraulic

fluids, Paint thinners and fluids, Paint thinners and other other volatile materialsvolatile materials


Class CClass C Energized Electrical Energized Electrical Equipment:Equipment:

Examples:Examples:Appliances, switches,Appliances, switches,panel boxes, power toolspanel boxes, power toolsand boards.and boards.

Classes of FiresClasses of Fires


Class DClass D Combustible metals:Combustible metals:

Examples:Examples: Magnesium, titanium, Magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, zirconium, sodium,

lithium, potassium.lithium, potassium.

Classes of FiresClasses of Fires

D


Classes of FiresClasses of FiresClass EClass E Gases or liquefied Gases or liquefied

gases:gases:

Examples:Examples: Methane, propane, and Methane, propane, and natural gases.natural gases.


Ways to Extinguish a FireWays to Extinguish a Fire

Best for: Class A FiresBest for: Class A FiresClass D Fires: use non-reactive Class D Fires: use non-reactive heat-absorbing mediumheat-absorbing medium

CoolingCoolingreducing the rate of energy inputcan use most common and cheapest form of

extinguishing medium (water)use pressurized water, foam or multi-purpose dry

chemical extinguishers


SmotheringSmotheringWays to Extinguish a FireWays to Extinguish a Fire

Best for: Class B & E FiresBest for: Class B & E FiresWorks for: Class C FiresWorks for: Class C Fires

-reducing the oxygen supply.

-use foam, carbon dioxide, ordinary dry chemical


StarvationStarvation- reducing the fuel supply

Ways to Extinguish a FireWays to Extinguish a Fire

Best for: Class B,C & E FiresBest for: Class B,C & E FiresWorks for: Class A & D FiresWorks for: Class A & D Fires

- closing of valve supplies, removal of combustible materials, etc.

BOSH - Fire Prevention and Protection3 METHODS OF FIRE 3 METHODS OF FIRE

EXTINGUISHMENT vs. CLASSES EXTINGUISHMENT vs. CLASSES OF FIRE (Summary)OF FIRE (Summary)

COOLING : CLASS A

SMOTHERING : CLASS B,C & E (SUFFOCATION)

STARVATION : CLASS A,B,C,D & E


METHODS OF FIRE TRANSFERMETHODS OF FIRE TRANSFER

ConductionConvectionRadiationDirect Contact


METHODS OF FIRE METHODS OF FIRE TRANSFERTRANSFER

ConductionTravel of fire thru a heat conducting medium like metals

Example – ignition of other various parts of a structure which are contact with pipes, etc.


METHODS OF FIRE METHODS OF FIRE TRANSFERTRANSFER

ConvectionTravel of heat thru circulating air or gases (hot-up, cold-down)

Example – fire from one part of the room may ignite all other materials due to the hot gases


METHODS OFMETHODS OF

FIRE TRANSFERFIRE TRANSFERRadiation

Travel of heat from a source by means of rays or radiation

Example – structure fire may ignite all other structure, etc. in the immediate vicinity


METHODS OF METHODS OF FIRE TRANSFERFIRE TRANSFER

Direct ContactDirect travel of “fire” from one burning material to another combustible material

Example – ignition of various parts of a structure as ‘touched’ by the fire


Portable Fire ExtinguishersPortable Fire Extinguishers

Appliances designed to be carried and operated by hand.

They contain an extinguishing medium, which can be expelled by action of internal pressure and directed onto a fire.

PRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO2

extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LEVER

DISCHARGE LOCKING PINAND SEAL

DISCHARGE HOSE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

DISCHARGE ORIFICE

CARRYINGHANDLE

DATA PLATE

BODY

Fire Extinguisher Anatomy


Portable Fire Extinguishers & Portable Fire Extinguishers & their applicationtheir application WaterWater

((Distinguishing color: REDDistinguishing color: RED))

•Used to extinguish fires of common

materials such as wood, cloth, & etc.


Portable Fire Extinguishers & Portable Fire Extinguishers & their applicationtheir application

Dry ChemicalDry Chemical

((Distinguishing color: BLUE))• Suitable for extinguishing flammable liquids such as petrol, kerosene, oil, & etc.

• May also be used to extinguish fires in electrical equipment..


Portable Fire Extinguishers & Portable Fire Extinguishers & their applicationtheir application

FoamFoam((Distinguishing color: CREAMDistinguishing color: CREAM))

• Suitable for extinguishing flammable liquid such as petrol, oil bitumen, paints, etc.

• Must not be used to extinguish fires in live electrical equipment, it is conductor of electricity.


Portable Fire Extinguishers & Portable Fire Extinguishers & their applicationstheir applications

Vaporizing LiquidsVaporizing Liquids

((Distinguishing color: Distinguishing color: YELLOW/GREEN))

• Can be used on wood, paper, petrol, oils, fires involving live electrical equipment.

• Chemical breakdown of these products are TOXIC.

• BCF/Halon 1211 & Halon 1301 had been phased out to prevent ozone layer depletion and current substitutes are the “Clean Agents” such as Halotron


Portable Fire Extinguishers & Portable Fire Extinguishers & their applicationstheir applications

CO2CO2(Distinguishing color: RED With Black Band)(Distinguishing color: RED With Black Band)

• Suitable for extinguishing most types of fires.• Frostbite is possible due to the extremely low temperature.• Exposure for some time to carbon dioxide in a confined space could cause suffocation. • Vacate the area immediately. Ventilate the space to disperse the gas when feasible.

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BOSH - Fire Prevention and ProtectionHow to Use a Portable Fire How to Use a Portable Fire

ExtinguishersExtinguishers PPull the pin. AAim the nozzle at the base of the im the nozzle at the base of the

fire.fire. SSqueeze the lever/trigger while

holding the extinguisher upright.

SSweep from side to side covering the area of the fire.

Remember: P – A – S – S

Assign a person in the plant or organization the responsibility to maintain and inspect all the fire extinguishers.

Maintain a stock of consumable materials and supplies of spare parts, like hoses, pins, tags, etc., that will be used in replacing the parts.

Establish a record system and organized plan for checking and inspecting fire extinguishers.

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Maintenance & Inspection of Fire Maintenance & Inspection of Fire ExtinguishersExtinguishers

Periodically check the pressure of the fire extinguisher and recharge these as necessary.

Conduct hydrostatic pressure test on the cylinders.

Ensure that fire extinguishers are sealed and that seals are not tampered.

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Maintenance & Inspection of Fire Maintenance & Inspection of Fire ExtinguishersExtinguishers

A control system meant to prevent any unintended ignition of materials that may lead to major fires

123


The HOT WORK PERMITThe HOT WORK PERMIT

It is to establish control over operations using flames or producing sparks such as welding jobs, grinding, drilling, hammering, or where there is friction and/or electrostatic discharge

124


The HOT WORK PERMITThe HOT WORK PERMIT

BOSH - Fire Prevention and ProtectionHOT WORK PERMITHOT WORK PERMIT

CRITICAL ELEMENTSCRITICAL ELEMENTSBalance of authority--responsibility--accountability

with both issuer and receiver for heat-producing jobs

Consistent and no-flaw in communication and coordination between all involved – everyone is updated on all developments

Isolation of combustibles.Competent and duly trained individuals and groups

in both issuing and receiving ends (inspectors, fire watches, etc.)

Physical features/requirements are evident and conspicuously located – tags, warning systems, fire extinguishers, etc.

Required individual elements (personnel) are visible and ready for any eventuality (fire watch with fire extinguisher, etc.)

Last but not least … the TIME ELEMENT!(Start, finish, fire watch vigilance, extension)

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BOSH - Fire Prevention and ProtectionHOT WORK PERMITHOT WORK PERMIT

CRITICAL ELEMENTSCRITICAL ELEMENTS

BOSH - Fire Prevention and ProtectionFIRE CHRONOLOGY/STAGESFIRE CHRONOLOGY/STAGES

1.Fire Ignites/Starts from Tiny Spark (Incipient Phase)2.The FIRE is Noticed/Detected (Free Burning Phase)3.Alarm Stage – Fire Notification4.Activation of Emergency Organization5.Emergency Organization/Brigade Response6.Fire Control – fire extinguisher, fire hose, etc. 7.Sprinkler/Pump Tender Response8.Electrical/Gas Switchman Response9.Evacuation Leaders Response10.Damage Control/Search & Rescue Response11.Fire is Extinguished (Smoldering Phase)12.Normalization Stage13.Back to Work (If & When Feasible)


Emergency ResponseEmergency Response

Organization RequirementsOrganization RequirementsPlanned and directed movement of building

occupants.First aid and medical self helpFire fighting and controlRescue of injured/trapped personnelMinimizing damage to or by utilities


Typical Emergency OrganizationTypical Emergency Organization

Chairman Assistant Chairman Communication Rescue Evacuation Damage Control Medical Fire Brigade

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

What are the Regulations ?The OSHA HAS DEVOTED AN ENTIRE SECTION OF

ITS REGULATION TO RULES GOVERNING ELECTRICAL WORK.

Your employer must train you in safe work practices for working with electrical equipment. The training rules distinguish between workers who work on or near exposed energized parts and those who do not. Even if you are not qualified to work on electrically energized equipment, you must know the specific safety practices which apply to your job.

HOW DOES ELECTRICITY WORK ?To handle electricity safely, including working with

electrical equipment, you need to understand how electricity acts, how it can be approached, the hazards it presents, and how those hazards can be controlled.

Basically, there ARE TWO KINDS OF ELECTRICITY:

* Static (stationary)

* Dynamic (moving)

HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITYElectricity is energy looking for some place to go. When it

finds the part of least resistance, whether it’s a light bulb, motor, or a human being, it is going to take that path. Until a circuit is completed, electricity is in the form of potential energy, an energy waiting to be used.

To understand the hazards of electricity, it is not necessary to know precisely what it is, even though such knowledge might be helpful and desirable. What is more important in handling electricity is to understand the characteristics of electricity.

Characteristics of Electricity1. What it is ?

2. What it does. “The electric current is of practical importance as a

means of transferring energy to a distance and for the transformation of energy, as in electric furnace, electric light, in electrolysis, etc.”

Characteristics of Electricity3. How it acts.

a) Electricity, when it flows, can move from one place to another as does water in pipe.

b) The quantity of electricity which moves is measured in units called “amperes” (as gallons, quarts, or liters for water) flow of electrons.

c) The pressure of the flowing electricity or “current”, or the force behind the “current” is measured in units called “volts”, as water is measured in “pounds” or “grams”.

Characteristics of Electricity d) As electricity moves, resistance is encountered, the

amount of resistance depends on the substance encountered. ( The unit of resistance to electrical current is called an “ohm”). Unit for resistance or opposition to the flow of current.

OHMS LAW I (current) = V (voltage) R (resistance)

What are the HAZARDS of ELECTRICITY ?Shock

Burns

Arc-blast

Explosions

Fires

SHOCK IS THE MOST SERIOUS ELECTRICAL HAZARD

This happens when you touch a live wire, a tool or machine with poor insulation. You then become a conductor. The shock that you feel is the electrical current going through your body.

RESULTS OF SHOCK

* Pain

* Loss of muscle control and coordination

* Internal bleeding

* Cardiac arrest

* Death

HOW SHOCK OCCURS1. With both wires of the electric circuit.

2. With one wire of an average circuit and the ground.

3. With a metallic part being in contact with an energized wire, while the person is also in contact with the ground.

SEVERITY OF ELECTRIC SHOCK1. Amount of current flow through the body

2. Voltage of circuit in contact.

3. Resistance of skin or clothing or both.

4. Area of contact with live conductor.

5. Length of time in circuit (the longer time the body is subjected to the circuit, the less RESISTANCE the body has.

THE AMOUNT OF CURRENT THAT FLOWS THROUGH A VICTIM’S BODY DEPENDS ON:

The voltage of the circuit

The insulating quality of the place he is standing

The resistance of his skin

The area of contact with the conductor

Current flows through the body from the entrance point,

until finally exiting where the body is closest to the ground.

Electrical Burns

Entrance WoundExit Wound

Arc or Flash BurnsThermal Contact

Burns

Internal Injuries

Involuntary Muscle Contraction

RESISTANCE OF MATERIALSMost Metals - 10 - 50 Ohms

Human Body (dry skin ) - 100,000 – 600,000 Ohms

Human Body (wet skin) - 1,000 Ohms

Dry Wood - 100,000,000 Ohms

Wet Wood - 1,000 Ohms

Rubber - 100,000,000,000,000 Ohms

Reaction of the Body to Electric ShockFatal Shock (100 – 110 volts)

a. 50-200 milliamperes – will cause death depending on length of time ( due to

ventricular fibrillation)

Freezing to the line (100-110 volts)a. 15-20 milliamperes

– will cause a painful shock and control of muscle is lost. Will cause death due to heart collapse & stop breathing if left in contact too long.

Reaction of the Body to Electric ShockSensation of Shock (100-110 volts)

a. 1-8 milli amperes

– is not painful and person can let go.

b. 8-15 milli amperes

– is painful and person can let go- may lead to other accidents.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC SHOCK ON BODY

1. Chest muscle contraction- breathing interference (death due to asphyxiation)

2. Temporary nerve center paralysis – respiration failure.

3. Heart (normal rhythm) interference – ventricular fibrillation ( fiber of heart muscle create uncoordinated manner, blood circulation ceases)

4. Heart action suspended by muscular contraction.

5. Hemorrhages and tissue destruction, nerve or muscle damage caused by heat.

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS1. Defective appliances, equipment and tools.2. Defective wiring installation.3. Personal factor.4. Lack of maintenance of equipment.5. Using unapproved electrical equipment

appliances.6. Failure to ground equipment.7. No proper rated protective device,8. Overloading of circuits.

CONTROL OF ELECTRICAL HAZARDS: ( Electrical Safety Devices )

Grounding

Insulation

Enclosure

Fuse or Circuit Breaker

Lockout / Tag out

Maintenance of Equipment

RULES TO FOLLOW1. Do not guess – every line should be assumed

energized..2. Use right instruments to test.3. Inspect regularly..4. Use appropriate PPE, fuse tongs & insulated

tools.5. Use Lockout/Tagout6. Never work alone on electrical lines..

RULES TO FOLLOW7. Make temporary wirings safe..

8. Observe NEC during installation

9. Only qualified electricians should be allowed to work on electrical jobs.

10. Never use metallic ladders when working on electricity.

11. Never bridge a fuse with wire.

12. Always have a high respect for electricity.

RESCUE TECHNIQUESCut off electrical source immediately.

Break connection between the victim and the power source, or remove the victim from the current source without endangering yourself.

As soon as you can touch the victim safely, apply artificial respiration (CPR) immediately.

Proper LO/TO Procedure

Lockout

Lockout is a technique used to prevent the release of hazardous energy, or to prevent the hazardous energy from escaping.

A padlock is placed on the appropriate energy isolating device that is in the off or closed position.

DefinitionsAuthorized Employee - one who locks out

machines or equipment in order to perform the servicing or maintenance on that machine or equipment.

Affected Employee - one whose job requires him/her to operate or use a machine or equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed under lockout, or whose job requires him/her to work in an area in which such servicing or maintenance is being performed.

Definitions, cont.Energy Isolating Device - A mechanical device

that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy.

Energy Control Procedure - Safety program adopted by the employer that includes energy control procedures plus provisions for inspecting the procedures and training employees for lockout/tagout.

The “Fatal Five” Main Causes of Lockout/Tagout Injuries

Failure to stop equipment Failure to disconnect from

power source Failure to dissipate (bleed,

neutralize) residual energy Accidental restarting of

equipment Failure to clear work areas

before restarting

Hazardous Energy Sources Found in the Workplace

ElectricalGeneratedStatic

MechanicalTransitionalRotational

ThermalMachines or

EquipmentChemical Reactions

PotentialPressure

Hydraulic Pneumatic Vacuum

SpringsGravity

Types of Lockout DevicesPlug Locks

Ball Valve Lockout

Gate Valve Lockout

Group Lockout Hasp

Electrical

Hydraulic, pneumatic, and other pressurized systems

Lockout Procedure Alert the operator (s) that power is being

disconnected.Preparation for ShutdownEquipment Shutdown Equipment IsolationApplication of Lockout DevicesControl of Stored Energy Equipment Isolation-Verification

Removal of LockoutEnsure equipment is safe to operate

Safeguard all employees

Remove lockout/tagout devices. Except in emergencies, each device must be removed by the person who put it on.

Last person to take off lock

Follow checklist

Temporarily Reactivating Equipment

Remove unnecessary tools from the work area and make sure everyone is clear of the equipment

Remove lockout/tagout devices and re-energize the system

As soon as the energy is no longer needed, isolate the equipment and re-apply lockout/tagout, using the six step procedure.

Special SituationsServicing lasts longer

than one shift.

Contractors are performing service or maintenance at your workplace

Worker who applied lock is not available

Tidbits of Info. Never attempt lockout/tagout procedures

unless you have been trained and certified by your employer under an approved Energy Control Program.

Never loan or share your lock, combination, or key with anybody else.

Always be sure all lockout/tagout devices are compatible with the environment in which they will be used i.e. corrosive, humid, etc.

Effects

Safe Current Values

1 mA or less

1 mA to 8 mA

Causes no sensation - not felt.

Sensation of shock, not painful;Individual can let go at will since muscular control is not lost.

Unsafe current values

8 mA to 15 mA

15 mA to 20 mA

50 mA to 100 mA

100 mA to 200 mA

200 mA and over

Painful shock; individual can let go at will since muscular control is not lost.

Painful shock; control of adjacent muscles lost; victim can not let go.

Ventricular fibrillation - a heart condition that can result in death - is possible.

Ventricular fibrillation occurs.

Servere burns, severe muscular contractions - so severe that chest muscles clamp the heart and stop it for the duration of the shock. (This prevents ventricular fibrillation).

Personal Protective Equipment

ACCIDENT THEORY

WORKER

MACHINE

ENVIRONMENT

MATERIAL

Work Methods


Personal protective equipment are variety of devices and garments designed to serve as a barrier between workers and workplace hazards.

PPE: Last line of defense

Engineering Control :

Elimination of the hazard

Minimization of the hazard

Isolation of the hazard

Redirection of hazard

Point of contact:

>PPE

Three areas where hazards can be controlled

Workplace WorkerManagement

Administrative Control :

Exposure time limitations ,Safe work practices

Alarms and Warning signs, Training and Education

Guidelines in Selecting PPE

1. Identify the hazard

2. Understand the effect

3. Recommend the proper equipment

4. Train on proper usage and maintenance

Different occupations expose workers to the possibility of injury, illness or even death due to the various hazards present in the workplaces. These hazards, though in some ways minimized, can not be entirely eliminated by both engineering and administrative control measures. There is still a need for another form of protection that will serve as a barrier against workplace hazards…the Personal Protective Equipment.

Personal protective equipment or PPE is not a mere substitute for engineering and/or administrative controls. Rather, it should be used in conjunction with these controls to better provide for employee safety and health in the workplace. In this light, PPE that is made available for workers’ use must be appropriate and of approved type.

Personal Protective Equipment:Worker’s Last Line of Defense


Eye & Face Protection

Respiratory Protection

Head Protection

Hearing Protection

Hand & Arm Protection Foot Protection

Fall ProtectionTorso Protection

HEAD PROTECTION

Hard Hat or Safety Helmet

A rigid device that is worn to provide protection for the head and which is held in place by a suitable suspension.

Parts of a Hard Hat

1. The suspension system includes the headband and straps on the inside of the hat. This system absorbs and distributes the force of impact.

2. The hard outer shell protects the head from sharp objects, such as falling tool. It also absorbs part of the force of impact, since it’s somewhat flexible.

3. The chin strap secure the hard hat to the wearer’s head.

4. The brim redirects the direction of the falling object.

HARD HAT must be able to absorb the shock of the blow from falling objects, be able to resist penetration from sharp objects and must be a good insulator against electrical hazards.

Characteristics of a Good Quality Hard Hat

Additional characteristics of a hard hat is its ability for low water absorption and slow flammability rate of the shell.


Care and Maintenance

Wash with mild soap and water.

Inspection1. The suspension system – look for frayed, worn,

or cut straps.

2. The hard outer shell – must have no cracks.

Head protection should be worn whenever there is even a remote chance that a head injury could happen!

Eye & Face Protection

Protective eye and face equipment shall be required where there is a reasonable probability of injury that can be prevented by such equipment.


1. Safety Spectacles2. Eye Goggles3. Face Shields

Eye and Face Protection (ANSI Z87.1 – 1989)

Safety Spectacles or Glasses are primary protective devices intended to shield the wearer’s eyes from flying and striking objects, glare and injurious radiation hazards.

Sideshield is an integral device or an accessory attached to spectacles that provides side exposure protection to the eye.

Goggles are primary protective devices intended to fit the face immediately surrounding the eyes.

Unlike safety glasses, goggles provide a secure shield around the entire eye area. Chemical goggles protect eyes from splashes and flying particles. Shop goggles protect against flying particles and should be used instead of glasses when there is the potential for objects to be flying from all directions.

Face Shield is a protective device intended to shield the wearer’s face, or portions thereof from striking objects or chemical, heat and glare hazards.


Welding shield is a protective device intended to shield the eyes and face from optical radiation and impact.

Characteristics of a Good Quality Spectacles, Goggles and Face Shields

•Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are designed •Be reasonably comfortable when worn under the designated conditions •Fit snugly without interfering with the movements or

vision of the wearer•Be within tolerable refractive power •Be durable •Be capable of being disinfected •Be easily cleanable

Use of Eye and Face Protections

"A general rule, face shields should be worn over suitable basic eye protection."

- National Safety Council


Hearing Protection

The Need for Ear Protection and Prevention of Excessive Noise Exposure

Exposure to high noise levels can cause hearing loss or impairment. It can create physical and psychological stress. There is no cure for noise-induced hearing loss, so the prevention of excessive noise exposure is the only way to avoid hearing damage.

Earplugs Hearing protectors placed inside the ear to block out

noise. To work effectively, they should fit snugly into the ear canal.

Earmuffs A device composed of a headband with two

cushioned ear cups that form a seal around the outer ear, covering it completely and blocking out

the noise.

Selection

• proper fit

• the employee’s noise exposure

• the employee’s hearing ability

• communication needs

• other constraints specific to job tasks

ARM’S LENGTH RULE

“If two people (with no hearing impairment) have to raise their voices or shout to be heard in a distance of less than an arm’s length from each other, the sound level is potentially hazardous.”

blah, blah, blah…

Noise Levels

PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSUREDuration Per Day

(Hours)Sound Levels

(dB)8 90 6 924 953 972 100

1½ 1021 105½ 110

Acids/Mists

Solvents/Vapors

Gases / Smoke

Dusts/Particulates

Heavy Metals/Fumes

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Filtration respirator Chemical respirator Air-supplying respirator

FILTRATION RESPIRATORS or Mechanical Respirators screen out dust, fume, mist and smoke. Such Filters need to be replaced at frequent intervals.

CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE DEVICES remove contaminants by passing the tainted air through material that traps the harmful portions. There are specific cartridges for specific contaminants.

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)Supply air from an air tank is strapped at

the person’s back.

1. Temperature extremes2. Chemical exposures and splashes

3. Sharp objects4. Fire

5. Abrasive materials6. Live Electrical Conductors

BurnsBruises

AbrasionsCuts

PuncturesFractures

AmputationsElectrocution

Skin Protection

The job of protective clothing is generally to protect the skin against chemicals, cuts, bruises, and extremes of temperatures. It is therefore, important to choose the right material for hands protection and arms protection.

Metal mesh gloves resist sharp edges and prevent cuts

Leather gloves shield your hands from rough surfaces and heat

Vinyl & neoprene gloves protect your hands against toxic chemicals

Rubber gloves protect you when working around electricity.

Welder’s gloves protect your hands from heat and flames

Latex disposable gloves are used to protect your hands from germs and bacteria

Lead-lined gloves are used to protect your hands from radiation sources.

Cotton gloves help grasp slippery objects and protect against slivers, dirt, moderate heat or cold.

Foot and Leg Protection

Hazards: Falling or rolling objects Sharp objects Hot surfaces Wet, slippery surfaces Live Electrical conductors

FracturesPunctures

BurnsCuts

AmputationsElectrocution

FOOT PROTECTION

Safety Shoes

Steel toe cap footwear protects your toes from being crushed by falling objects.

Mid-sole steel plate protects the foot from punctured hazards.

Safety Shoes and Boots

VINYL footwear resists solvents, acids, alkalies, salts, water, grease, and blood.

NITRILE footwear resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals.

ELECTROSTATIC DISSIPATING footwear conducts static electricity to floors that are grounded.

ELECTRICAL HAZARD footwear are insulated with tough rubber to prevent shocks and burns from electricity.

Safety Shoes and Boots

FALL PROTECTION

Full-body Harness(BS: 1397:1979)

• Body Belt - Used to restraint

a worker’s movement to a certain area

FALL PROTECTION

Resistance of employees to PPE

DiscomfortInaccurate risk perceptionLack of education and training

Involve employees in the selection process

Cultivate behavior-based safety

Conduct Training on PPE

Enforce disciplinary action

1. The hazard still exists.

2. A defective PPE offers no protection

3. The PPE may introduce additional hazard.

4. Most PPE are not for continuous use.

5. Improper wearing may not give maximum protection.

6. It may transfer hazard to another location.

OSHSRULE 1080:PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & DEVICES

1081 General Provisions:1081.01 Every Employer:

1) Shall at his own expense furnish his workers with protective equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet, protective shields and barriers whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous nature of the process or environment, chemical or radiological or other mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

1081.02All protective equipment shall be of approved design and construction appropriate for the exposure and the work to be performed.

1081.03The employer shall be responsible for the adequacy and proper maintenance of personal protective equipment used in his workplace.

1081.04No person shall be subjected or exposed to hazardous environmental condition without protection.

Power and Hand Tool SafetyMachine Shop Safety

WHATEVER TYPE OF TOOLS YOU ARE USING

• Wear eye protection.

• Store and carry tools correctly.

• Use the correct tools for the job.

• Keep tools in good condition.

• Support the work.


• Concentrate on what you are doing.

• Protect your “off-hand”• Beware of electrical hazards


• Keep the work within easy reach


Safety Points to Remember:

• Adjustable wrenches have the advantage of fitting any size fastener but they offer the least secure grip. DO NOT USE an adjustable wrench to free a frozen nut or in any other situation requiring a lot of force.

• Socket or box type wrenches are generally safer and more secure than open ended or adjustable wrenches of the same size.

• When using an open ended, box or socket wrench, ALWAYS select a wrench with an opening that fits the fastener exactly. Use metric sized wrenches for metric fasteners and American standard inch wrenches for American standard inch fasteners.

• When using adapters, always make certain that you are staying within the safe limits of the sockets and the handle. This is especially true when you are adapting “down” (using a big handle on a small socket).

• When using a pipe wrench, remember that at least one tooth must reach beyond the center of the pipe.

• NEVER use a “cheater ” pipe to extend the handle of any wrench.

• NEVER strike an ordinary wrench. If a nut is frozen, use penetrating oil.

Important: If you have a choice, always PULL the wrench rather than push it. You will be less likely to fall if the wrench slips or the bolt suddenly breaks loose.

Safety points to remember:• Do not use a screwdriver with a rounded or

otherwise damaged tip.• Be certain the screwdriver tip matches the slop in

the head of the screw perfectly.• If the tip is wider than the screw, it will damage the work.• If the tip is too narrow or if it is fatter than the slot, it will slip

easily.• Do not confuse cross-slotted screws with standard Philips

head screws. They require different screwdrivers.

• Never hold the work in one hand while using a screwdriver with the other. Set the work down on a flat surface or secured it in a vise.

• Make sure the screwdriver shank is in line with the crew and the screwdriver is perpendicular to the head of the screw.

• The larger the diameter of the screwdriver handle, the more force you can apply. Use a screwdriver that is big enough for the job.

• You can make it easier to drive a screw by applying wax to the threads. Heavy grease works equally well, although it may stain the wood.

• Drilling a pilot hole will make driving screw considerably easier. When working with hardwoods or with large screws, pilot holes are usually necessary.

• Never use a screwdriver in place of a chisel, star drill or other struck tools.

Important: The purpose of ordinary plastic handle is to make a screwdriver more comfortable to use - NOT TO PROVIDE ELECTRICAL INSULATION.

Safety points to remember:

• Do not use pliers on nuts and bolts. A properly sized wrench is more secure, and reduces the chances of slipping or of damaging the fastener.

• Never use pliers for cutting hardened wire unless they have been manufactured for this purpose.

• Do not extend the handles on a pair of pliers or use force beyond hand pressure. Instead, use a larger pair of pliers or, if necessary, cutters.

• Never expose pliers to high temperatures. You stand a good chance of ruining the tool.

Important: Many pliers have plastic or rubber cushioned handles. This does not necessarily mean they are insulated against electricity! Unless tools are labeled “insulated”, never assume they will provided any protection from electric shock.


• Do not use a tool designed for soft metals on hard metals.

• Use hand pressure alone to make the cut. Do not extend the handles with “cheaters” to increase leverage. Do not hammer on the handles or tips. If snips or cutters will not cut under hand pressure, then get a larger pair or use a different type.

• Stay clear of sharp metal edges. Keeping snips at a 90º angle to the metal will produce a smoother, less sharp edge.

90º

• Do not cut wire on a diagonal, creating a sharp point and beware of metal bands under tension, which may spring out suddenly when cut.


• Always deliver a blow with the striking face of a hammer. NEVER strike with the side or cheek of a hammer.

• Do not use hammer to strike another.

• Do not use a hammer or any other striking tool if the handle is damaged or if the head is not securely on the handle.

• Do not use an ordinary nail hammer to drive hardened steel nails or to strike steel or concrete chisels, or other hardened struck tools. Use a hammer made of metal designed for the purpose, like ball peen hammer.

• Keep cutting tools sharp• Keep tools clean• Keep bolts and screws properly tight• Keep moving parts properly lubricated• Do not use a striking tool with a damaged or

loose handle

MAINTAINING TOOLS

Important: If a damaged tool cannot be properly repaired, DISCARD THE TOOL!

• Pay close, constant attention when using any power tool.

• Be certain the tool is in good condition.• Be certain that all parts of the power source are

in good condition.• DO NOT wear loose clothing or jewelry that could

become caught in the tool.

• DO wear eye protection.• DO NOT let either hand get near the operating

point of tool.

Read manufacturer’s instructions. Know the correct way to maintain, adjust and operate any power tool before using it!

• Shirt Sleeves• Wool or Knit Sweaters• Work Aprons• Ties, Jewelries and Watches• Hairnets

BASIC SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

DRESS

• Safety Glasses or Goggles• Hearing Protection• Gloves• Footwear


PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Back Injuries• Wrist Injuries


AVOIDING STRESS AND STRAIN

• LIGHTING• Individual Machines• Overall Shop

• HOUSEKEEPING• Floors• Work Surfaces• Care and Storage of Tools• Storage of Stock and Supplies• Clearly Marked Work Areas

• MECHANICAL• Points of Operation• Shear Points• Nip Points• Power Transmission Points

• ELECTRICALIndications of Possible Electrical Trouble:• Mild shock or tingling sensation from

contact with the machine• Frayed or exposed wiring• An excessively hot motor

• ELECTRICALIndications of Possible Electrical Trouble:• Inoperative or erratic switches• Unusual or erratic machine operation• Unusual odors such as burning insulation• Sparks• Smoke

• ELECTRICAL

NOTE:If you notice any signs of

electrical trouble, turn off the machine and have a qualified electrician check it out before you attempt to operate it again.

• ELECTRICALIMPORTANT: Before attempting non-routine adjustments, or any repair or maintenance of a machine, you must perform an electrical lock-out on the machine to prevent injury from an unexpected start up or the unexpected release of energy.

• ELECTRICALCommon Procedures to the lockout of any machine:• Make sure all of the machine’s controls are in the

“off” position.• Disconnect and look out all energy sources

supplying the machine.

• ELECTRICALCommon Procedures to the lockout of any machine:• Make sure any secondary sources of energy,

such as flywheels or hydraulic or pneumatic accumulators, have been disconnected or that their energy has been dissipated.

• ELECTRICALCommon Procedures to the lockout of any machine:• Test or try the machine to make sure it is getting

no power.• Notify everyone who may be affected by the

lockout before you begin the lockout and then let them know when you are finished and the machine has been re-energized.

• CHEMICALChemical hazards are generally related to contact

with:• various types of coolant fluids like water, soluble

oils or specialized synthetic mixtures;• Petroleum oils and greases or special synthetics

used as lubricants; and,

• CHEMICALChemical hazards are generally related to contact

with:• Solvents used to coat or clean many kinds of

metal stock and finished workpieces.

• WORKPIECES• Heat• Sharp Edges and Burrs• Chips• Motion

• TOOLS• Sharp Edges• Dull or Damaged Tools• Chuck Keys

• DISTRACTIONS

(020813)Occupational Health and Safety Rdc

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Transcript of (020813)Occupational Health and Safety Rdc