RecapRecap what the following terms meanNatural HazardDisasterRisk VulnerabilityHydro- meteorological hazardGeophysical HazardChronic Hazard

LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR THIS LESSON*BY THE END OF THIS LESSON...Some students will: Know how to use the disaster risk equation in relation to a named country case study Most students will: Understand how vulnerability of people is a result of a number of factors All students will: Know how to use the disaster risk equation

Key wordsDisasterRiskDisaster risk equationVulnerability factor

KiribatiWhere is it?What hazards affect it?What is its GNP?Main exports?Population characteristics?Recent hazards?

Its a island atoll in the Pacific, near IndonesiaTyphoons, tsunami, sea level rise (global warming)$2000 per capitaCoconuts (copra), fish, seaweedLife expectancy 61, Inf Mort 46Tsunami alert 2007 Jan and April

RecapLook at the following list of hazardous events and decide if it is a natural event or natural hazard1- A cyclone affecting Hong Kong2- A hurricane passing over a remote unpopulated island 3- A flood in a rural area which floods the roads, but does not affect any houses4- A volcano erupting on a remote unpopulated island5- An avalanche in a ski resort6- An avalanche high on mountainous slopes remote from any settlement

The Risk Equation

Hazards x VulnerabilityRisk = Capacity

The risk of disaster grows as global hazards and peoples vulnerability increases, while their capacity to cope decreasesMEDCsLEDCsIncreasing vulnerability in some respects

The Disaster Risk EquationImportant to know that vulnerability is not the same as poverty!E.g EarthquakeIt is possible for middle class to be more affected by the collapse of their unsafe homes than the poor in a shanty town whose flimsy homes collapse and cause little damage

Vulnerability FactorsEither bullet point or produce spider diagrams to explain how the following factors can effect vulnerabilityWealth of peopleTechnical ability of a countryEducationAge RuralUrban

Other things to consider between LEDCs and MEDCs

Importance of VulnerabilityPeople are vulnerable for a variety of reasons

LACK OF CHOICE: because they have to. Land may be cheaper, or unwanted by others

i.e. Rapid urbanisation has forced the poor into high risk areas of cities

2. WEALTH: cannot afford to build well, even if building regulations are enforced.

3. CHANGING RISK Rising sea levels mean that safe areas are now prone to flooding & storm surges. Deforestation of watersheds reduces interception & increases the risk of flooding.

4. COST v BENEFITS eg benefits of fertile soils on volcanoes v risk of eruption

To endWhich part of the disaster risk equation is missing?Hazards xRisk = Capacity

Hazards x VulnerabilityRisk =

xRisk = Capacity

More than 80% of the British population now lives in urban areas. Urbanisation and rapid population growth at the time of the industrial revolution led to previously small towns such as Glasgow, Newcastle and Manchester becoming large cities. Within 150 years the UK was transformed from a nation of rural farmers to a nation of urban factory workers. Aerial shots of various urban landscapes emphasise this.300 years ago 80% of people lived in the countryside*