Figure 42.0 External gills of a salmon. Figure 42.1 Internal transport in the cnidarian Aurelia.
006 Cnidarian Diversity
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Transcript of 006 Cnidarian Diversity
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Cnidarian Diversity
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Phylum Cnidaria
Class
Anthozoa
Class
Hydrozoa
Class
Scyphozoa
Class
Cubozoa
Corals
Anemones
Hydra
Portuguese Man-Of-War
Stinging Limu
Fire Coral
True jellyfish Box jellies
Sea wasps
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Class
Anthozoa
Subclass
Hexacorallia
Order
Antipatharia
Subclass
Alyconaria
Order
Zoanthidae
Order
Actinaria
Order
Scleractinia
Zoanthids Sea anemones Stony corals Precious black coral
Wire coral
Sea fans
Sea whipsSea pens
Organ pipe coral
Precious gold coral
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General Characteristics of Cnidaria
Stinging cells
Two stages in life cycle (polyp & medusa)
Blind sack gut
Radial symmetry Diploblastic
Hydrostatic skeleton
Nerve net Many colonial, some solitary forms
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polyps and medusa stage, although polyp stage isdominant.
gut cavity of polyp is simple, lacking a pharynx and notdivided by mesenteries.
tetramerous (four-part) radial symmetry. gonads are ectodermal (found in the epidermis).
medusa stage may possess specialized balance organscalled statocysts and photosensitive organs called ocelli.
solitary or colonials; some colonial forms highlypolymorphic.
includes hydroids (stinging limu), fire coral, pink coral, andsiphonophores.
Class Hydrozoa(Gr. hydra, water serpent)
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The Cnidarian Life Cycle
The HydrozoanLife Cycle
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Hydrozoan Colony
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Hydrozoan Colonies
Stinging Limu
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Hydrozoan Medusa
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Hydrozoan Medusa
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Hydrocorals
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Fire Coral
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By-the-Wind-Sailor
A Floating Colony of Polyps
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ColonialityMan-of-War
Phylum Cnidaria
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Close Up of a
Portuguese Man-Of-War
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life cycle with both polyps and medusae, but medusae dominate
with polyp stage reduced or absent.
polyp stage (scyphistoma) goes through strobilization to produce
young medusa.
bell margin lacks a velum.
tetramerous (= four-part) radial symmetry.
gut divided into a complex system of radial canals.
some with a simple single mouth, but many with thousands of
microscopic mouths at the ends of oral arms.
gonads endodermal (found in the gastrodermis).
specialized sense organs called rhopalia with ocelli & statocysts .
includes some 200 marine species.
"true" sea jellies.
Class Scyphozoa(Gr. skyphos, cup)
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planula
scyphistomastrobila
ephyra
adult medusa
gametes
Scyphozoan Life Cycle
strobila scyphistoma
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Sea Jellies
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Moon JellyAnatomy
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polyps and medusae stages, but medusae dominatewith polyp stage reduced.
polyp stage develops directly into medusa.
bell margin with a velarium.
tetramerous (= four-part) radial symmetry; bell cube-shaped with tentacles arising from each corner.
gonads endodermal (found in the gastrodermis).
specialized sense organs called rhopalia with ocelli &statocysts .
includes some 15 marine species.
includes box jellies and sea wasps.
Class Cubozoa(Gr. kybos, a cube)
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Box Jellies
Seawasp
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Box Jelly Anatomy
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lack medusa stage entirely (polyp forms only)
mouth with a tubular pharynx that projects inwardinto the gut
large gut cavity divided by mesenteries that radiate
inwards from the body wall gonads endodermal, borne on the mesenteries
hexamerous (6-part) or octamerous (8-part) radialsymmetry or biradial (modified radial symmetry thatlimits the number of planes that can divide the bodyinto equal halves
includes sea anemones, true stony corals, seafans, sea pens, organ pipe coral, precious blackcoral, & zoanthids
(Gr. anthos, flower)
Class Anthozoa
S
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Subclass Zoantharia
Order Actinaria
Sea Anemones
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Sea Anemone Anatomy
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Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Zoanthidae
No hard skeleton
May be tough and leathery
Shallow water forms Encrusting forms
Some with zooxanthellae
Polyp stage only
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Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Antipatheria
Black Coral & Wire Coral
Wire coral
Black coral
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Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
True Stony Corals
Hermatypic- reef building, zooxanthellae
Common species: Acroporidae- table
Acroporidea- rice
Agariciidae- flat lobe, corrugated
Faviidae- crust, ocellated Fungiidae- humpback, mushroom
Pocilloporidae- lace, antler, cauliflower
Poritidae- finger, lobe, plate
T St C l
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True Stony Coralslobe
finger
mushroom
Pori tes rus
S b l Al i
http://www.coralreefnetwork.com/stender/corals/lobe/por-rus2.jpghttp://www.coralreefnetwork.com/stender/corals/lobe/por-rus2.jpg -
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8 branched tentacles surrounding the mouth
Both hard and soft forms exist
Ahermatypic- non reef building, no
photosynthesis
Five Orders found in Hawaii:
1. Stolonifera
2. Pennatulacea (sea pens)3. Alcyonacea (soft corals)
4. Telestacae (snowflake corals)
5. Gorgonacea (sea fans)
Subclass Alyconaria
Octocorals
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Octocorals
Sea pen
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Organ pipe coral