00 Submit Cover - Weebly

JEFFrEy SKILLING. CAL POLy SLO 2016-2017.FLOATING INFrASTrUCTUrE.

LiquidLOUISIANA

1JEFF SKILLING. CAL POLY 2016-2017. ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS STUDIO.

The collective intelligence and technological adaptations of homosapiens have allowed populations to exceed the Earth’s natural limits. We have defied natural limitations, and done so in an environmentally destructive manor. In a shared resource system, individuals act with self interest and not in interests for the common good. If humans continue to grow and consume at current rates, Earth’s ability to sustain life as we know it, will cease.

We cannot afford to continue imposing our will on our valuable inland ecosystems. We must define new cultural and technological standards, shaping the natural environment to meet human needs in a more environmentally conscious and open source manor. By taking advantage of the abundance of seascape, floating societies are a sustainable alternative to conventional coastal development. Acting as preventative and adaptive measures, these societies will target locations with current and predicted crisis of human inflicted climate change.

ABSTRACT

2 3LIQUID_Floating Infrastructure JEFF SKILLING. CAL POLY 2016-2017. ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS STUDIO.

“We abuse the land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us, we need to see the land as a community to which we belong, we need to use

it with love and respect” -Aldo Leopald

ConTenTSVulnerable Delta Regions - Coastal Flux - Site: Louisiana, NO

Global InfraSTRUCTURE - Programming

Modeling - Aquaponics - Food Production Pod

Abstract Artifact - Adaptive|Reactive - Vellum 2017

Annotated Resources

Design Development

Schematic - Programmatic - 1/8” Scale

The Problem 6-11

12-15

16-29

30-37

38-45

46-55

56-60

The Program

relaTed Work

SchemaTic deSign

liquid

Final modelS

bibliograPhy


GLoBAL FLooD pLAinSSEA LEVEL = 0

SEA LEVEL 0-5

SEA LEVEL 5-10

SEA LEVEL 10-20

THe pRoBLeMPopulations are exponentially increasing, sea levels are

continuously rising, and drastic effects of human influenced climate change are looming. Environmental conditions are localized and varied. Flux forces that cause visible changes, may not be visible themselves. In fact, change on one site is often complexly related to cumulative effects of distance conditions. [Cook] As storm strength increases and coastal regions flood, millions will face displacement, property loss, or even death.

Coastal architecture is not designed to adapt to the specific conditions of the environment it is within. We must stop our attempts to control the environment and begin working within the complexities of Earth’s ecosystem. In doing so we will create a shift to a less detrimental human swarm behavior, a new paradigm of human inhabitation of the planet. A planet in flux, a constant variance of forces, not in balance.


SiTe: neW oRLeAnS, LouiSiAnA

Mississippi watershed - major rivers

BRACkISh MARSh

SALINE MARSh

MAN-MADE LEVEES

FRESh WATER MARSh

INTERMEDIATE MARSh

DeLTA eCoSySTeMS AveRAGe SeA LeveL oF neW oRLeAnS

-2’

Louisiana is experiencing the highest rates of coastal erosion and wetland loss in the United States. It accounts for 80 of all land loss in the united states. [Viles] Deposits from the Mississippi create sedimentary deposits that slow coastal erosion. When they disappear coastal subsidence will increase exponentially. [geo102] Private landowners in the area are scrambling and investing large sums into preventative measures. however, it seems all for not.

In susceptible delta regions around the world, man-made diversions and retentions of water flow have been prone to failure. New Orleans is located within the Mississippi River delta with an average elevation of 2 feet below sea level. Deltas are naturally in a flux pattern of deposition and erosion from forces of varying intensities and directions. Due to tectonic activity and deposition this land is naturally subsiding. This process is being expedited by human influence. By extracting high volumes of ground water from beneath the city, the aquifer has compacted, further lowing New Orleans elevation. [Geo102]

“The problems of subsidence and land loss are of great concern to the private land owners who own 75% of Louisiana’s wetlands.” Land owners have responded by building up levees around their property and closing waterways with weirs to prevent saltwater intrusion. Whilst such schemes may benefit the individual ... studies on marsh accretion inside the weirs, raise the possibility that the control structures may in fact promote the deterioration of the marshes that they are supposed to be protecting.” [Viles]

Located in the delta, shallow sea, and deep sea regions off the south-east coast of Louisiana, LIQUID will create a human habitat that does not dominate over nature, but benefits natural ecological cycles. Through design interventions in the delta region and migration of human activity to specialized floating communities, the human stresses on the marsh regions of New Orleans will be minimized, allowing natural habitat rejuvenation.


Most of Louisiana’s barriers will have disappeared by ... 2036[Viles]

TRAGeDy oF THe CoMMonS + DeLTA FLuxhumans have an incredible ability to create tools for surviving in the natural

world; we do so to such an extent we seem to feel disconnect from, or even superior too, the natural environment. This “traditional conception of nature as governed by closed, static rules,” must shift, “to understand that almost everything operates within a dynamic, open system.” [Swarm] The human species has been so successful that today, we are dangerously overpopulated. More so, the way in which humans claimed dominance of planet earth is continuing to cause drastic changes to the Earth’s life sustaining environment. Garrett hardin, a renowned American ecologist and philosopher, explored a social dilemma that he refers to as “The Tragedy of the Commons.” The tragedy of a shared resource system, in which individuals act in self interest and not for the benefit all.

The Louisiana delta region, and New Orleans specifically, is facing immediate impacts of climate change expedited by humans. We must not continue to invest in infrastructure that will be submerged within a lifetime. If we continue to build taller, more massive, and more complex systems of levees the potential for large scale catastrophe becomes all the more likely.

The death tool in hurricane katrina was 1,577 and I fear as storm strengths surge, and sea levels rise, the next hurricane or levee breach will come at even greater loss.

TRADE ROUTESOCEAN CURRENTS

oCeAn CiRCuLATion


The world is at a pivotal point in climatic history many populated regions are at risk. We cannot afford to continue investing in traditional development techniques in these areas. We must begin investing in a more sustainable, adaptable alternative.

Liquid will provide the infrastructural necessities to adapt these vulnerable locations to a future submerged conditions. humans have basic physiological and safety needs and a society must first establish strong infrastructural system to facilitate further growth.[Walsh] The Liquid system will plant the infrastructural seed to efficiently sustain any human populations basic needs. With basic needs met, civilizations will have time and energy to establish spaces to meet specific cultural needs of love and belonging, self esteem, and self actualization.

Liquid will be an ever evolving hub of human activity. Floating societies will have direct global accessibility and will easily assimilate into, and benefit, the current global economy. Using natural ocean currents, alpha pods will circulate the world ready to respond to at risk populations.

THe pLAn


“A building is not something you finish. A building is something you start.”

-Stewart Brand

Liquid will be an elegant solution for supplying the basic needs of humans and societal infrastructure. Migrating the entire population of New Orleans to a single floating civilization would create an unsustainable variation on the typical American city. Wendell Berry, an environmental activist and author, emphasizes the benefit in small farms, small communities and self sufficiency in his article “The Idea of the Local Economy.” he argues that the environmental crisis could be solved by a return to more localized economies.

Tyler Miller, explores the differences in natural ecosystems and simplified human systems. The American city is the epitome of a simplified human city, a paradigm of human inhabitation we must begin to change. A natural ecosystem has a depth of complexity and interrelated processes that we seem to ignore as humans.

In migrating the population of New Orleans to the delta, shallow sea, and deep sea environments localized communities can specialized for site specific conditions. At the city scale there is a plethora of environmental conditions that one solution will not solve. By specializing economies and systems to multiple areas the floating society will create a more sustainable alternative to simply displacing an entire city to a new location.

Located in the delta, shallow sea, and deep sea regions off the south-east coast of Louisiana, LIQUID will create a human habitat that does not dominate over nature, but benefits natural ecological cycles. Through design interventions in the delta region and migration of human activity to specialized floating communities, the human stresses on the marsh regions of New Orleans will be minimized, allowing natural habitat rejuvenation.

INFRASTRUCTURESELF ACTUALIZATION

SELF ESTEEM

LOVE & BELONGING

SAFETY & SECURITY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

GOVERNMENT

INDUSTRY

TRADE

ENVIRONMENTALLY SU

STAINABLE

SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE

ECONOMICALLY SUSTAINABLE

- FOOD- WATER- WARMTH- REST

- STABILITY- LAW- ORDER

- INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS- FRIENDS

- PRESTIGE- FEELING OF ACCOMPLISHMENT

- ACHIEVING ONE’S FULL POTENTIAL, ESPECIALLY IN CREATIVE ACTIVITIES

HUMANISTIC NEEDS S

OCIETAL NEEDS1

2

3

pRoGRAM: eneRGy - WATeR - TRAnSpoRT - FooD - HouSinGSince the industrial revolution, the basic human needs: food, water,

warmth, and rest [Maslow’s] became more easily accomplished. With these basic needs, humans can survive and thrive, reaching for further levels of fulfillment. Liquid will be a universal solution for a global issue. Allowing the opportunity for civilizations to adapt to the changing environment without straining fragile inland ecosystems with mass human migrations. In Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs, he specifies a sequence of 5 humanistic need. The basic needs are essentially universal across all cultures, however, it is the higher levels of humanistic needs that vary drastically across the globe.

Infrastructure, satisfies the basic needs efficiently and supply the framework for higher human needs to be filled in. But how do you supply these needs in an efficient manor? Alejandro Salado attempted to define this in “Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to define elegance in systems architecture.” As in Maslow’s hierarchy, the first tier must be met before moving onto higher tiers.

1. Functional needs - system works2. Performance needs - system works well3. availability needs - reliability 4. efficiency needs - use of resources5. adaptability needs - flexibility [6]


Using multimedia drawing and modeling techniques I explored the spatial and programmatic relationships of the floating infrastructural system.

Beyond the more abstract design iterations, full scale experimentations began to influence and inform design decisions.

SCHeMATiC DeSiGn

CoMMuniTy SpACe

BUOYANCY

WALkING PATh

RESIDENCE

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

RESOURCE STORAGE

Liquid will be a self-sustaining system. Construction modules will have the ability to erect and disassemble as necessary. The beta pod will be a distribution hub to support human activity. service spaces will be allocated at the lower most depths of the society. This will afford more natural light in programmatic spaces and will lower the center of gravity, adding to stability.

MeCHAniCAL ADApTABiLiTy

ASSEMBLY CRANE

CIRCULATION

SERVICE SYSTEMS

WATER STORAGE

The modularity and adaptability of the infraSTRUCTURE will support an ever evolving society and climate. Support modules will create the framework in which a society will grow, supplying specific spaces meeting all levels of humanistic desires.


inFRASTRuCTuRe FLoATSShADING

RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION

BUOYANCY PONTOONS

WATERWAY ACCESS PLATFORM

STRUCTURE

PUBLIC WALk

Transport water, energy, waste, products and people. The infrastructure floats will act as the physical and spatial connections for programmatic elements.


SCALE 1/8”SCHeMATiC MoDeL22 23LIQUID_Floating Infrastructure JEFF SKILLING. CAL POLY 2016-2017. ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS STUDIO.

AquAponiC expeRiMenThow can we more efficiently support our humanistic needs? The problem

lies in the fact that humans do not follow the underlying principle of a natural ecosystems: what is waste for one, is food for another. By designing systems that integrate natural processes, Liquid will allow humans to symbiotically inhabit nature.

In collaboration with class peers, we are conducting an in-studio experiment that will incorporate an evolving integration of systems. The natural filtration system, planting box, hydroponic floats, and fish tank is a scale representation of the water cycle of the Mississippi Water Shed.

FILTER Sand, charcoal, and rock layers

mimic ground water purification processes.

As vegetation grows, root systems will create a nutrient rich aquatic environment for fish.

Rock wool grow medium and aggregates mimic flood plain landscape. Over flow from the filter essentially top water runoff, is filtered further as plants absorb nitrates and other fish waste particles.

Red and blue LED lights, on a 12 hour timer, mimic the suns natural energy.

LIGhT SOURCE

EBB AND FLOW

hYDROPONIC FLOAT

RESERVOIR


AquAponiC FooD poDWith an adaptive membrane [reference pg. 50-51] the aquaponic pods

frunction as a self containing ecosystem. In calm conditions, the membrane can open for natural air circulation. To regulate interior climate and protect from salt water intrusion the membrane can seal creating a greenhouse effect.


hExAGONAL GEODESIC

MEMBRANE SUBSTRUCTURE

ADAPTIVE GREEN hOUSE MEMBRANE


LiquiD inFRASTRuCTuReSupplying the basic humanistic and societal needs of

New Orleans, or any vulnerable delta region of the world, LIQUID will afford humans a sustainable inhabitation of the area without relocation.


SiTe pLAn

AMoeBA exCHAnGeBased on specific temporal needs of communities, programmatic elements

can transfer between and connect to the floating substructure. This adaptable system will create a more sustainable system of self sustaining micro communities

SeeD GRoW ADD SuBTRACT


MASTeR pLAn inFRASTRuCTuRe DeTAiL


LonGiTuDinAL SeCTion


FinAL MoDeLS

SCHeMATiC pRoGRAMMATiC38 39LIQUID_Floating Infrastructure JEFF SKILLING. CAL POLY 2016-2017. ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS STUDIO.


DeTAiL MoDeL


ABSTRACT ARTiFACTExploring the effects of light and shadow caused by displacement of an organized pattern.


expLoRinG LiquiD Exploring the effects of light and shadow caused by displacement of an organized pattern. The model is composed of three planar el-ements:

1.Light Source 2.Expanding Grid 3.Shadow Screen When initiated, a pump transfers water from the resevoir to the bladder within the grid. This applies a force to the organized system of the elastic grid causing it to expand along varrying degrees across the field. To capture the dynamic expansion and contraction, a light projects through the grid onto the shadow screen.

TEAM: Skilling. Yarosh. Melendez. hanck. Reyes.

OBjECTIVE: A simple, rationalized structural system creates a dynamic range of

motion. Our team was able to develop a simple rectilinear substructure and pleated membrane system that opens and closes with a linear applied force.

APPLICATION: To maximize functionality of the grow pods, the outer membrane is

adaptable. When triggered, the support structure compresses and the “stomata” on the membrane open, ventilating the space. In the closed position, the membrane will protect the valuable food resources from salt water contamination, especially in harsh conditions.

pAneL DiAGRAM:

ADApTive|ReACTive MeMBRAne


For the 2016 Vellum furniture show I did a study into flat-pack furniture. The “jacob’s Chair” is an exploration into design efficiency and adaptability. Utilizing a series of structural inserts and a linked chain of boards the piece can adapt to accommodate humans three states of rest: standing, sitting, and lying down.

LIQUID is a responsive system, supplying an adaptable infrastructural system to coastal regions in peril. Flat pack capability will be crucial to the availability, efficiency, and adaptability needs of this architectural system. Structural rods will be flat

veLLuM 2017JACoB’S CHAiR: ADApTABLe FLAT pACk FuRniTuRe



ReSouRCeS1. Dwyer, james “The century of biology: three views” Published online: 25 August 2008, Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science and Springer 2008

2. Leach, Neil. “Swarm Tectonics.” (n.d.): n. pag. Web.

3. Science 162 (3859), 1243-1248. Garrett hardin (December 13, 1968) “The Tragedy of the Commons”

4. Viles, heather, and T Spencer. Coastal Problems : Geomorphology, Ecology, and Society at the Coast. London: E. Arnold, 1995.

5. Walsh, Philip R. “Creating a ‘‘values’’ chain for sustainable development in developing nations: where Maslow meets Porter” Published online: 24 March 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

6. Salado, Alejandro “Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to define elegance in systems architecture.” Roshanak Nilchiani, Stevens Institute of Technology, hoboken Nj

7. Cook, “Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture” 2000 Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for harvard University, Washington, D.C.

8. Berry, Wendell. “The Idea of a Local Economy” Winter 2001.

9. Miller, Tyler “The Living Environment, 17th ED.” 2012, 2009 Brooks/Cole,Cengage Learning.

10. Coastal Information: https://coast.noaa.gov/slr/

11. Coursework: Geology 102. Fall 2016. Professor Scott johnston. Cal Poly San Luis Obispo.


- Technological advances can take the relative abundance of natural resources and space of Earth, and create a more sustainable way to inhabit our planet. By exploring new technologies and the possibility to inhabit the abundance of space in the ocean, we will maintain a more comfortable life for all of Earth’s population.

- In the book “Coastal Problems” the author uses New Orleans and the Mississippi river delta as a case study into the causes and concerns of coastal geomorphology in populated delta regions.

- We must stop our attempts to control the environment and begin working within the complexities of Earth’s ecosystem. We must create a shift to a less detrimental human swarm behavior. We must define a new paradigm of human inhabitation of the planet.

“Broadly put, much recent thinking in science has sought to overcome the

traditional conception of nature as governed by closed, static rules, to understand that

almost everything operates within a dynamic, open system”

1. Dwyer, james “The century of biology: three views”

4. Viles, heather, and T Spencer. “Coastal Problems”

2. Leach, Neil. “Swarm Tectonics.”

3. Garrett hardin (December 13, 1968) “The Tragedy of the Commons”

“The Tragedy of the Commons” is an anecdotal account of overpopulation, resource allocation and ethics that could introduce my research’s overarching concepts. Furthermore, the article dives deeper into the sociological issues revolving around the commons (Earth’s natural resources) and why these are not being adequately addressed today.

- The article dives into the psychological desires of humans in terms of systems architecture. In designing a self sustaining society, it is crucial for citizens needs are satisfied in an efficient manor.

- Wendell Berry emphasizes the advantages of small farms and small localized communities and economies. I see an advantage to design shifts and specialization according to micro-climate. Migrating the whole population of New Orleans to one area does not seem sustainable. however, by creating a series of specialized micro cities the population of New Orleans would enjoy a more sustainable, efficient way of life.

- An interesting exploration into the future of sustainable city development and explanation of Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs and Porter’s “values” chain theory.

- This seminar reading, by Robert Cook is an interesting exploration into many of the ideas and concepts of my thesis scope. I especially like the quote he finishes with at the end of the article:

“A building is not something you finish. A building is something you start.”

-Stewart Brand

6. Alejandro Salado “Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to define elegance in systems architecture.”

8. Berry, Wendell. “The Idea of a Local Economy”

5. Walsh, Philip R. “Creating a ‘‘values’’ chain for sustainable development in developing nations”

7. Cook, “Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture”

58LIQUID_Floating Infrastructure

- An in depth overview of specifics behind the unsustainable practices of humans and the more ecologically friendly alternatives.

- Fall 2016 I took Geology 102. The course covered the basis of coastal subsidence using the Louisiana Delta Region as a case study.

9. Miller, Tyler “The Living Environment, 17th ED.”

11. Geology 102 - Professor Scott johnston

12. “PLUG IN CITY” ARChIGRAM DRAWING BY PETER COOkhttp://www.archdaily.com/399329/ad-classics-the-plug-in-city-peter-cook-archigram

13. “REGENERATOR” GABRIEL MUNOZ http://www.jacquesrougeriecompetition.com/ ”regenerator”

00 Submit Cover - Weebly

Documents

Transcript of 00 Submit Cover - Weebly