0 PRESENTERS: Please read the speaker notes on this slide before every presentation of this course....
-
Upload
derrick-muckle -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of 0 PRESENTERS: Please read the speaker notes on this slide before every presentation of this course....
2
Presents
INNOVATIONS IN WATERPROOFING
SYSTEMS
An AIA Continuing Education Program
Credit for this course is 1 AIA/CES Learning Unit for HSW credit.
Course Title: INNOVATIONS IN WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS
Course Number: POL07A
3
An American Institute of Architects An American Institute of Architects (AIA) Continuing Education program(AIA) Continuing Education program
Approved Promotional Statement:InfoSpec is a registered provider with The American Institute Of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates Of Completion for non-AIA members available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or Ron Blank & Associates of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
4
An American Institute of Architects An American Institute of Architects (AIA) Continuing Education program(AIA) Continuing Education program
Course Format: This is a structured, face to face course.Course Credit: 1 Health Safety & Welfare (HSW) learning unit (LU)Completion Certificate: A copy is sent to you by email upon request. When you fill out the Form B please indicate if you need one. Also please make sure the information you provide is legible. Send email request to: [email protected]
Design professionals please make sure and indicate request of certificate of completion when filling out the Form B at course conclusion. All AIA and non- AIA members who request a certificate of completion will be sent a copy of your certificate to the email address you provided in the Form B. Please make sure that when print your information that it is legible. If we can not read your writing we can not process your credit.
5
Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives
After completing this course the participants
will have a better understanding of the
following:• Waterproofing Solutions that Protect the
Owner’s Investment By…– Improving Indoor Air Quality – Protecting Your Concrete Floors And Walls– Preserving Structural Integrity
6
“Do You Know Why Most Vapor Barriers
Fail?”
7
"85% of Vapor Barriers Fail"
Vapor barriers are a well known problem area in the design and construction field.
The problem comes from damage during construction.
There is significant disagreement on what materials to use, where to place vapor barriers, and how to specify construction methods to avoid damage.
What do we mean ?
8
Where does the Where does the "85 %”"85 %” failure rate come from? failure rate come from?
The specific quote is taken from a consultant's report to the city of Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety:
"…With respect to HDPE (vapor barriers), please be aware that under normal field applications it has been observed to experience a high failure rate reported to be as high as 85% in some cases."
The full report, along with a listing of nine large projects known to be leaking and a Los Angeles Times article, can be found at this weblink:
http://saveballona.org/techpages/boot.html
9
10
ASTM E 1643 - 98 SPECIFICATION:Standard Practice for Installation of Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth or Granular Fill Under Concrete Slabs
FROM THE EXCERPTS ABOVE, IT LOOKS LIKE:1. Everybody on the ASTM committee agrees that these vapor barrier materials are likely to fail.2. The committee does not agree on a solution.
Need More Proof ?
11
The following slides include:
I. A definition of vapor barriers
II. A discussion of current vapor barrier standards
III. A series of construction photographs which demonstrate the potential for construction abuse and damage to vapor barriers
IV. Extracts from materials standards, construction specifications, and engineering bulletins:
ASTMPortland Cement Association (PCA)American Concrete Institute (ACI)
12
Typical Commercial Grade Vapor Barrier
Source: Portland Cement Association (#12958)
13
DEFINITION OF VAPOR BARRIERS
The industry uses various terms for vapor barriers:
•Vapor Retarders•Vapor Barriers•HDPE•Polyethylene Film•Reinforced polyethylene films•Membranes, etc.
Most of the industry considers the terms to be interchangeable.
This presentation will use the term "Vapor Barrier"
14
Vapor Barriers are virtually impermeable polyethylene films which, according to ASTM E 1643
"...provide a method of limiting water vapor transmission upward through concrete slabs on grade…”
15One Typical Vapor Barrier Configuration
Vapor Barrier Configuration
Adapted from PCA Concrete Floors on Ground Engineering
Bulletin 075, Fig. 3.2
16
Historically, few construction projects used vapor barriers. However, use has increased in recent years because of concerns about:
Damage to flooring above the slab by moisture
Concerns about toxic mold
Intrusion of chemical vapors and other hazardous contaminants from underground
17
PROPERTIES FOR COMMERCIAL GRADE VAPOR BARRIERS
PROPERTIES FOR COMMERCIAL GRADE VAPOR BARRIERS
PROPERTY TESTS AS LISTED IN ASTM E 154 AND ASTM E 1745
PROPERTY ASTM TEST # CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C
PERMEANCE TO WATER VAPOR E 96 B < 0.3 PERMS < 0.3 PERMS < 0.3 PERMS
TENSILE STRENGTH E 154 SECTION 9 > 45.0 LBF > 30.0 LBF > 13.6 LBF
PUNCTURE RESISTANCE TO 1" STEEL ROD E 154 SECTION 10 2200 GRAMS 1700 GRAMS 475 GRAMS
PUNCTURE RESISTANCE TO FALLING DART D 1709 B 2200 GRAMS 1700 GRAMS 475 GRAMS
TYPICAL BARRIER THICKNESS D 1000 0.015" 0.010" 0.006"
Note: Puncture resistance requirements are expressed in GRAMS, instead of pounds.(2200 grams = 4.85 pounds, 475 grams = 1.05 pounds)
18
Notice how thin this vapor barrier isSource: Portland Cement Association (#V2/144_5)
19
On most large projects, steel reinforcement (REBAR) is installed over the vapor barrier.
The purpose of rebar is to minimize future cracking of the concrete slab, and to reduce warping or
curling.
Source: www.constructionphotographs.com (#a00305)
20Source: www.constructionphotographs.com (#204602)
Rebar installation includes cutting, which creates both sparks and sharp edges.
21
Rebar must be fastened atintersections to keep it evenly spaced.
In this photo, the rebar is being welded together. If this jobhad used a vapor barrier, holes could have been burnt.
Source: www.constructionphotographs.com
22
After rebar installation is complete, there are usually many areas where sharp
edges touch the vapor barrier.
Source: www.constructionphotographs.com (#a00306-section zoom)
23
There is also a lot of foot traffic onjobsites, as well as equipment.
Source: Portland Cement Association (#82_5a)
24
Sometimes larger equipment isdriven over the vapor barrier.
Source: www.constructionphotographs.com (#a00305-section zoom)
25
For this placement, 15 workers are standing in the mix, each one
endangering the vapor barrier.
Source: Portland Cement Association (57_19)
26
Vigorous tool use.Source: Portland Cement Association (Vol. 2 #34)
27
Vibration of the concrete is a widely used method of
consolidation.
One manufacturer, Vibco, offers vibrators with head
diameters between1-3/8” and 3”.
HEAD DIAMETER 1-3/8" 3"VIBRATIONS PER MINUTE 18,000 16,000
IMPACT FORCE - POUNDS 450 LBS 3200 LBSIMPACT FORCE - GRAMS 204,116
GRAMS1,451,956GRAMS
Sources: Wycotool (Vibrator Drawing) Vibco (Vibrator Specifications)
28
If you haven't seen enough unintentional construction damage, we should mention intentional vapor barrier damage:
ASTM E 1643 - 98, section 6.3:
"Avoid use of stakes driven through vapor retarder"
PCA Engineering Bulletin 075, page 15:
"The practice of intentionally punching holes through a vapor retarder to allow bleed-water to exit the slab bottom is unacceptable because it defeats the purpose of the membrane."
29
Summary of the problem:
1. Increased concerns about vapor penetrating slabs
1. A. Moisture damages flooring2. B. Toxic mold from moisture vapor3. C. Chemical vapor intrusion4. D. Lawsuit potential
1. The industry standard is Vapor Barriers made of polyethylene:
1. A. Thin 2. B. Industry standard for puncture resistance: so low
that it is expressed in GRAMS
1. ASTM E 1643 states that polyethylene vapor barrier materials are highly vulnerable to construction damage.
2. The big problem is construction damage.
30
Under-Slab Membrane
THE INDOOR AIR QUALITY PROBLEMTHE INDOOR AIR QUALITY PROBLEM
31
The Next Generation of Under-sealing Waterproofing Membranes
32
Below grade self-sealing membrane system with a level of protection never before available.
These Products Act As Barriers To:• Moisture/Water• Methane Gas• Radon Gas• Toxic Contaminants• Termites• Pesticides• Stress Cracks
Problems:Sick Office
Solutions:Happy Office
33
THE UNDER-SLAB MEMBRANETHE UNDER-SLAB MEMBRANE ACTS AS AACTS AS ABARRIER TO WATER & MOISTUREBARRIER TO WATER & MOISTURE
Geo-textile FabricRubberized Asphalt Polyethylene
• Reduces the amount and severity of cracking
-more facts
34
UNDERSLABWATERPROOFING APPLICATION
35
UNDER SLAB APPLICATION
UNDER-SLAB MEMBRANE
• 20 Mil Vapor Barrier - 500% Extra Thickness for Protection• Stress Absorbing/Barrier Formulation• Geotextile Fabric for Mechanical Bond to Concrete
36
Underslab Membrane at a grade beam
37
38
THE BLIND SIDE MEMBRANE ACTS AS ABARRIER TO WATER & MOISTURE
Geo-textile FabricRubberized AsphaltPolyethylene
39
BLIND SIDE MEMBRANEWATERPROOFING SYSTEM
• Geotextile Fabric for Bond to Concrete• Stress Absorbing Barrier Formulation• High Density, High Strength
Polyethylene
NEGATIVE SIDE MEMBRANE FOUNDATION WALL APPLICATION
40
Blindside Membrane with Shot-crete
41
Blindside Membrane
42
Blindside Membrane
43
THE SPLIT SLAB MEMBRANETHE SPLIT SLAB MEMBRANE ACTS AS AACTS AS ABARRIER TO WATER & MOISTUREBARRIER TO WATER & MOISTURE
Rubberized Asphalt20 mil. Polyethylene
44
BETWEEN SLAB WATERPROOFING APPLICATION
SPLIT SLAB MEMBRANE
• 20 Mil Backing - 500% ExtraThickness for Protection
45
Balcony application of Split Slab Membrane
46
Split Slab Membrane1,100 penetrations detailed with1- or 2-part liquid membrane
47
THE PROTECTED WALL MEMBRANETHE PROTECTED WALL MEMBRANE ACTS AS AACTS AS ABARRIER TO WATER & MOISTUREBARRIER TO WATER & MOISTURE
Rubberized Asphalt20 mil. Polyethylene
48
VERTICAL WALL WATERPROOFING APPLICATION
PROTECTED WALL MEMBRANE
• Built-in Protection(Drainage Composite Optional)
49
Protected Wall Membrane
50
Anti-fracture membranes protect ceramic tile by providing a stress absorbing layer between the substrate and the tile. If the concrete substrate underneath cracks, the stress of the crack is not transferred up to the brittle ceramic tile. The stress is absorbed by the rubbery nature of the rubberized asphalt.
ANTI-FRACTURE MEMBRANESANTI-FRACTURE MEMBRANES
51
ANTI-FRACTURE MEMBRANE
CONCRETE
CRACK
CERAMIC TILE
LATEX MODIFIED THINSET
GUARDING TILE FROM STRESS FRACTURESGUARDING TILE FROM STRESS FRACTURES
COMPONENTSFabric-bond to ThinsetStress Absorbing Membrane
52
FREEZE FREEZE // THAWTHAWCYCLESCYCLES
During cold weather, slabs
contract away from each other.
In hot weather, slabs expand towards each
other.
OVERLAY OVERLAY
OLD CONCRETESLAB
OLD CONCRETESLAB
PAVEMENT BASE PAVEMENT BASE
53
Under-slab Membranes seal out:• Moisture• Termites• Methane Gas• Radioactive Radon Gas• Mold• Pesticides and Other Toxic Chemicals
Under-slab Membranes act as ANTI-FRACTURE
MEMBRANES FOR SLABS• Continues sealing even under new cracks or
moving joints• Reduces the amount and severity of cracking in
slabs above the membrane.• Provides waterproofing, not just a vapor protection.
IN SUMMARY:IN SUMMARY:
54
Course QuestionsCourse Questions
This concludes the continuing education course. The next 15 minutes will be focused on discussing the course material.
55
THIS CONCLUDES:THIS CONCLUDES:
INNOVATIONS IN WATERPROOFING
SYSTEMSAn AIA Continuing Education Program
Credit for this course is 1 AIA/CES Learning Unit for HSW credit.
Course Title: INNOVATIONS IN WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS Course Number: POL07A