CELEBRATE FREEDOM WEEK

What document is the law of our land? What do we mean when we say “our

founding fathers”? Who wrote the Declaration of

Independence? What do we call the beginning of the

Declaration of Independence? What is the wording in this part of the

document? Why did we write it?

THE BIG IDEA

To understand how to break down history

To Understand how we know what we do about the past

HOW I DO NOTES

I start each section with a full slide title Each subsection is at the top of each

slide Write the information below each

subsection It is easy

SECTION TITLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1

OR SECTION TITLE LIKE THIS!!!!!!!!

SUBSECTION TITLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1

Information!!!1 Information!!!2 Etc.

EXAMPLE OF NOTES

SOME BASICS OF WORLD HISTORY (THIS IS A SECTION TITLE)

QUICK QUESTIONS:

Geography….Oh so long ago… Where do people usually settle? Why? What problems does that usually bring

up? What are the Continents? What are some land masses? What is migration?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faRlFsYmkeY&feature=related

BC-AD (SUB-SECTION)

BC = (Before Christ) / BCE =(Before Common Era) Before the individual known as Jesus was born.

AD= (Anno Domini) / CE= (Common Era) After the birth of Jesus

BC counts down = 1,000,000-1 BC AD counts up: 1 AD to Present This is 2012 AD so……?

ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY Anthropology (Anthropologist): fieldwork, analysis of written records, DNA, etc.

Archaeology (Archeologist): artifacts, fossils, excavations, etc.

Historian: primary / secondary sources, oral history, etc.

Who is this guy?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Beit_shean1.jpg

SOURCES

Primary Source: First hand accounts of situations. The writer was present during events. (Declaration of Independence)

Secondary Source: a credited document dealing with a subject but not written by a person present. (Historians book about the Declaration)

WHICH IS WHICH

Book written by Jay-Z about the Rap Industry over the last 15 years

Book written by Paul McCartney about modern Rock

BIAS

A certain perspective on things (example: North vs South take in the Civil War)

BIASED OR NOT?

A Cleveland Newspaper Article on LeBron James

US Navy report on funding for Submarine Improvements

Harvard History Professor’s report on the Mayan Civilization

THEORIES

There are many different views on our species development.

We are going to talk about the accepted scientific theory in this class.

MISCONCEPTIONS OR WEAK CONCEPTS Man and Dinosaur did not live at the

same time A century = 100 yrs. / Also 18th century

= 1700-1790 AD , or 1st century = 0-100 AD

Other cultures use different calendars or years (The Jewish / Hebrew Calendar for example it is the year 5772)

PRE-HISTORY TO CLASSICAL PERIOD (NEW SECTION)

BIG IDEA (SUB-SECTION)

How we developed into civilized society.

What the effects of civilization are (Religion, Government, social order, trade/economics, etc)

TERMS TO KNOW (WORD WALL)

1. Civilization2. Periodization3. Neolithic Revolution4. Irrigation5. City-State6. Dynasty7. Cultural Diffusion8. Empire

FIRST HUMANS

WOULD YOUDATE THIS PERSON-

FIRST HUMANS

They came out of the “Horn of Africa” 4 million years ago Therefore we are all technically African Why do we look different today?

THE STONE AGE

Time period where tools, language, and mastery of fire started

LET’S START THE TIME LINE!!! Paleolithic Age : 2.5 million BC – 8000

B.C. Neolithic Age : 8000 BC – 3000 BC

PALEOLITHIC AGE

Mostly Ice Age which ended in 10,000 BC

First Technology = ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs.

Tools were made of stone and bone to hunt and carve.

Hunt using fire and weapons

http://www.hulu.com/watch/12895/ice-age-how-to-stop-a-baby-crying

CONT.

They drove herds of animals off cliffs. People also started to migrate during

this time. Migration - movement of a people

from one region to another Hunter-gatherer - nomad whose food

supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods

People start creating art as well

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION (VERY IMPORTANT!!)

Lasted from 8000 BC – 3000 BC When humans went from hunter-

gatherers to Agriculture = farming and domestication of animals

Domestication - the taming of animals for human use

This meant that they would stay in one place.

Land ownership and semi-permanent settlements started happening.

REASONS IT HAPPENED

Nomads began to scatter seeds near camps which led to selective farming (wheat, corn, etc.)

Climate change: rising temperatures led to drier land (leads to irrigation) and longer growing seasons

Population was growing so more food sources were discovered

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I

Make a list of advantages and disadvantages to agriculture

Notes on herding animals Thoughts after…

CHANGES

Since farming allowed for more food not everyone in the village had to farm.

People began to find new specializations like craftsmen (making metalwork, pottery, cloth, etc,)

We also invented the sail and wheel to migrate and trade better

Social classes stated to form based on wealth

DISCUSSION:

Would you prefer to be independent, off the grid hunter gatherer or civilized?

What are other theories about human history?

Why was the ice age important to US History?

FREEDOM WEEK

Why is the Constitution Important? What document failed that was almost

our Constitution? What do we call the first 10

amendments of the Constitution?

BELL RINGER

When did the Ice Age end? What is the discovery of agriculture

known as? How long have humans been on Earth? Where do people usually settle? What is one of the first crops to be

farmed? Where did the first humans come from?

EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

CIVILIZATION!!!!!!!

WHAT IS CIVILIZATION? Civilization= a complex culture with 5

characteristics: 1) Advanced Cities = largely populated areas

that are a center of trade 2) Specialized Workers = Priest , Government

officials, craftsmen 3) Complex Institutions = Institutions include

a system of government or a type of Religion 4) Record Keeping = Records show tax

collection, calendars for religious functions, etc. 5) Advanced Technology = Irrigation systems

(water), animal pulled plows, etc.

MESOPOTAMIA, EGYPT, INDIA AND CHINA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sohXPx_XZ6Y

FERTILE CRESCENT The region was named the "Fertile

Crescent" because of its rich soil and half-moon shape.

MESOPOTAMIA 3500-1600 BC Means “between 2 rivers” Had several groups who lived in the

area

TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES Two rivers in modern

Iraq that have a valley between them with fertile soil

People began to settle in the area in 4500 BC

SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION 3500 BC

Started using irrigation for farming

Polytheistic (many gods) Religion

CUNEIFORM A style of

writing using symbols and dashes

THE SUMERIAN CITY OF UR = 3000 BC The first city In southern Iraq. The people gathered

together to protect the area against floods.

Led by religious leaders. Had 30,000 people Had beautiful paintings and sculptures

decorating the city

http://cache.virtualtourist.com/2702086-Travel_Picture-Ur.jpg

THEY BUILT ZIGGURATS

More cities grew A few of these cities would fight each

other for resources. For protection people turned to

courageous and resourceful war leaders.

These leaders later became hereditary rulers.

These various groups became what is known as “city-states”

CITY-STATE LIFE

taxes to pay for wars with the other city-states.

Mostly peasants who did not own land but worked the ruler’s land.

They also had slaves that they acquired from war and people selling themselves to pay debt.

The wives of the rulers would lead when the husband was gone

FIRST EMPIRE From 3000 – 2000 BC the city states

were always fighting each other. Sargon was the leader who created

the first empire: Bringing together people, nations, or previously independent states under the control of one ruler.

It did not last long

BABYLON

BABYLON In 2000 BC

Mesopotamia was invaded by a group called the Amorites

It became the Babylonian Empire

Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) was the most famous ruler

HAMMURABI’S CODE (1772 BC) Considered the first

recorded laws in history. They were posted all around the city on giant 8 ft tall slabs of stone.

IMPACT OF HAMMURABI’S CODE

By having a standard code of law it made law something objective, less personal, and more stable /predictable (No confusion)

It also made the judiciary separate but still part of the overall government (like our supreme court)

BABYLON ENDS AROUND 1500 BC

Mesopotamia is an easy place to invade so power changes hands many times

After Babylon other groups take over: Assyrians, Phoenicians, and Hebrews

They all adopt ideas from earlier groups like the Sumerians

RECAP OF ADVANCEMENTS IN MESOPOTAMIA

Plow Pottery Bronze The Wheel Arch Sail Cuneiform

Number system based on 60 and 360 degree circles

(After the Phoenicians take over): the alphabet

EGYPT3000-2000 BC

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3Wvw6BivVI

How many kingdoms were there? What did Tut accomplish? Which way does the Nile flow? What do you think of Egypt?

NILE RIVER

BEGINNINGS

Earliest settlement is in 5000 BC

Dessert protected them from outside invaders. (unlike Mesopotamia)

Developed irrigation using “the gift of the Nile” which flooded regularly on schedule

UNIFIED

The Egyptian kings were considered gods and called Pharaohs : God-King

This is known as a Theocracy: religion based government (Saudi Arabia, Vatican, etc)

Pyramids: Built as tombs for the pharaohs to rule from in the afterlife.

Mummified bodies so they wouldn’t decay

CULTURE

Worshiped more than 2000 gods and goddesses: polytheistic

Slaves were used often Women held a higher status than other

civilizations

STRATIFIED SOCIETY: CLASS SYSTEM

1) Royal family at top 2) Upper Class 3) Middle Class (Merchants and

artisans) 4) Lower Class (Peasant farmers and

unskilled labor) 5) Slaves

WRITING

Hieroglyphics= pictures representing words Later translated by the Rosetta Stone in

the 1800’s Papyrus= reeds that were pressed together

to make a kind of paper

RECAP OF ADVANCEMENTS IN EGYPT

Mummification Pyramids Hieroglyphics Papyrus Calendar system based on the Nile

flooding Medical advancements: Could read a

pulse, Treated fevers and infections, Performed surgery and made splints for broken bones.

INDUS RIVER VALLEY (2500 - 1700 BC)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM&playnext=1&list=PL8898E0A37F70367E&feature=results_main

What would you name the Bath? What do you think happened to the

Indus River Valley? Why did he use Houston and Chicago

as examples? Do you think it is better to be peaceful

or war like?

INDUS RIVER

River provided fertile land Monsoons would bring rain However, floods were unpredictable. River could actually change course and

flood inhabited areas

EARLY ON

First major cities are Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.

They were developed using grid systems and had sophisticated pluming and sewage systems

Less is known about this civilization than the others

We have not figured out how to read their writings

Most of the artifacts have been washed away in floods

It did influence an area larger than either Meso. Or Egypt

MYSTERIOUS END 1750 BC

No one knows why the civilization stopped

Theories are that the river changed and the land dried or the land was over used

Large #s of dead bodies have been found suggesting either a great flood, earthquake, volcano, or a large foreign invasion

The civilization would never rise again.

OUT OF THE ASHES: ARYANS 1500 BC

They were Indo-European: where the people are a mix of ancient European and south Asian (Middle East/India)

Had a religious text known as the Vedas :This led into Hinduism

They begin the development of a caste system that influenced the one today in India.

Lighter skin gave you better stance in society

RECAP OF ADVANCEMENTS

Sewer and pluming systems Planed city systems

BELL RINGER

What are the 3 river valley civilizations we have talked about?

What are the 4 rivers? Which civilization did the Rosetta Stone

help us understand? Why were the pyramids a problem? What kingdom was south of Egypt?

CHINA (3950-1000BC)

BEGINNINGS

Started over 1000 years later than the other river valley civilizations. However, we have evidence of human remains from 1.7 million years ago

They were isolated because they were surrounded by mountains, desert, and ocean

They began to settle along the Huang He = “yellow river”

THE DYNASTIES

Dynasty: time period of rule by a single family

Shang Dynasty (2000 BC) They kept the first written record

Writing system had symbols for each idea

FIRST CITIES

Made mostly of wood surrounded by a earth wall

Sharp division of classes Nobles owned the land and the

peasants worked it for them They gave the peasants only sticks to

work with

CULTURE

Family was most important (parents), elder men were in charge of property

Women were viewed as inferior. They had to listen to all men including their sons.

They worshiped spirits of the dead They would talk to the dead by having

royalty write on whale bones heat it up and interpret the cracks for a message.

RECAP ADVANCEMENTS

Writing system based on symbols Silk from silk worms Coined money Casting iron

SO WHAT DOES ALL THIS MEAN?

Increase in trade and development of trade routes/networks

Systems of government and religion Written legal codes Increased architecture knowledge Writing Tracking of time (calandars) Advanced cities

DEBATE

Some argue that religion is the real reason civilization came to be.

This is true for the Mayans and other ancient American civilizations.

ALSO… BEER?

DISCUSSION

What do you think: Religion or farming? In your opinion what makes civilization? What do you think the most important

part of civilization is? Would you rather be a priest or a king?

NEXT STOP?

Birth of Religions And The First Empires