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Transcript of What document is the law of our land? What do we mean when we say “our founding fathers”? Who...
CELEBRATE FREEDOM WEEK
What document is the law of our land? What do we mean when we say “our
founding fathers”? Who wrote the Declaration of
Independence? What do we call the beginning of the
Declaration of Independence? What is the wording in this part of the
document? Why did we write it?
THE BIG IDEA
To understand how to break down history
To Understand how we know what we do about the past
HOW I DO NOTES
I start each section with a full slide title Each subsection is at the top of each
slide Write the information below each
subsection It is easy
SECTION TITLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
OR SECTION TITLE LIKE THIS!!!!!!!!
SUBSECTION TITLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
Information!!!1 Information!!!2 Etc.
EXAMPLE OF NOTES
SOME BASICS OF WORLD HISTORY (THIS IS A SECTION TITLE)
QUICK QUESTIONS:
Geography….Oh so long ago… Where do people usually settle? Why? What problems does that usually bring
up? What are the Continents? What are some land masses? What is migration?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faRlFsYmkeY&feature=related
BC-AD (SUB-SECTION)
BC = (Before Christ) / BCE =(Before Common Era) Before the individual known as Jesus was born.
AD= (Anno Domini) / CE= (Common Era) After the birth of Jesus
BC counts down = 1,000,000-1 BC AD counts up: 1 AD to Present This is 2012 AD so……?
ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY Anthropology (Anthropologist): fieldwork, analysis of written records, DNA, etc.
Archaeology (Archeologist): artifacts, fossils, excavations, etc.
Historian: primary / secondary sources, oral history, etc.
Who is this guy?
SOURCES
Primary Source: First hand accounts of situations. The writer was present during events. (Declaration of Independence)
Secondary Source: a credited document dealing with a subject but not written by a person present. (Historians book about the Declaration)
WHICH IS WHICH
Book written by Jay-Z about the Rap Industry over the last 15 years
Book written by Paul McCartney about modern Rock
BIAS
A certain perspective on things (example: North vs South take in the Civil War)
BIASED OR NOT?
A Cleveland Newspaper Article on LeBron James
US Navy report on funding for Submarine Improvements
Harvard History Professor’s report on the Mayan Civilization
THEORIES
There are many different views on our species development.
We are going to talk about the accepted scientific theory in this class.
MISCONCEPTIONS OR WEAK CONCEPTS Man and Dinosaur did not live at the
same time A century = 100 yrs. / Also 18th century
= 1700-1790 AD , or 1st century = 0-100 AD
Other cultures use different calendars or years (The Jewish / Hebrew Calendar for example it is the year 5772)
PRE-HISTORY TO CLASSICAL PERIOD (NEW SECTION)
BIG IDEA (SUB-SECTION)
How we developed into civilized society.
What the effects of civilization are (Religion, Government, social order, trade/economics, etc)
TERMS TO KNOW (WORD WALL)
1. Civilization2. Periodization3. Neolithic Revolution4. Irrigation5. City-State6. Dynasty7. Cultural Diffusion8. Empire
FIRST HUMANS
WOULD YOUDATE THIS PERSON-
FIRST HUMANS
They came out of the “Horn of Africa” 4 million years ago Therefore we are all technically African Why do we look different today?
THE STONE AGE
Time period where tools, language, and mastery of fire started
LET’S START THE TIME LINE!!! Paleolithic Age : 2.5 million BC – 8000
B.C. Neolithic Age : 8000 BC – 3000 BC
PALEOLITHIC AGE
Mostly Ice Age which ended in 10,000 BC
First Technology = ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs.
Tools were made of stone and bone to hunt and carve.
Hunt using fire and weapons
CONT.
They drove herds of animals off cliffs. People also started to migrate during
this time. Migration - movement of a people
from one region to another Hunter-gatherer - nomad whose food
supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods
People start creating art as well
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION (VERY IMPORTANT!!)
Lasted from 8000 BC – 3000 BC When humans went from hunter-
gatherers to Agriculture = farming and domestication of animals
Domestication - the taming of animals for human use
This meant that they would stay in one place.
Land ownership and semi-permanent settlements started happening.
REASONS IT HAPPENED
Nomads began to scatter seeds near camps which led to selective farming (wheat, corn, etc.)
Climate change: rising temperatures led to drier land (leads to irrigation) and longer growing seasons
Population was growing so more food sources were discovered
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I
Make a list of advantages and disadvantages to agriculture
Notes on herding animals Thoughts after…
CHANGES
Since farming allowed for more food not everyone in the village had to farm.
People began to find new specializations like craftsmen (making metalwork, pottery, cloth, etc,)
We also invented the sail and wheel to migrate and trade better
Social classes stated to form based on wealth
DISCUSSION:
Would you prefer to be independent, off the grid hunter gatherer or civilized?
What are other theories about human history?
Why was the ice age important to US History?
FREEDOM WEEK
Why is the Constitution Important? What document failed that was almost
our Constitution? What do we call the first 10
amendments of the Constitution?
BELL RINGER
When did the Ice Age end? What is the discovery of agriculture
known as? How long have humans been on Earth? Where do people usually settle? What is one of the first crops to be
farmed? Where did the first humans come from?
EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
CIVILIZATION!!!!!!!
WHAT IS CIVILIZATION? Civilization= a complex culture with 5
characteristics: 1) Advanced Cities = largely populated areas
that are a center of trade 2) Specialized Workers = Priest , Government
officials, craftsmen 3) Complex Institutions = Institutions include
a system of government or a type of Religion 4) Record Keeping = Records show tax
collection, calendars for religious functions, etc. 5) Advanced Technology = Irrigation systems
(water), animal pulled plows, etc.
MESOPOTAMIA, EGYPT, INDIA AND CHINA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sohXPx_XZ6Y
FERTILE CRESCENT The region was named the "Fertile
Crescent" because of its rich soil and half-moon shape.
MESOPOTAMIA 3500-1600 BC Means “between 2 rivers” Had several groups who lived in the
area
TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES Two rivers in modern
Iraq that have a valley between them with fertile soil
People began to settle in the area in 4500 BC
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION 3500 BC
Started using irrigation for farming
Polytheistic (many gods) Religion
CUNEIFORM A style of
writing using symbols and dashes
THE SUMERIAN CITY OF UR = 3000 BC The first city In southern Iraq. The people gathered
together to protect the area against floods.
Led by religious leaders. Had 30,000 people Had beautiful paintings and sculptures
decorating the city
THEY BUILT ZIGGURATS
More cities grew A few of these cities would fight each
other for resources. For protection people turned to
courageous and resourceful war leaders.
These leaders later became hereditary rulers.
These various groups became what is known as “city-states”
CITY-STATE LIFE
taxes to pay for wars with the other city-states.
Mostly peasants who did not own land but worked the ruler’s land.
They also had slaves that they acquired from war and people selling themselves to pay debt.
The wives of the rulers would lead when the husband was gone
FIRST EMPIRE From 3000 – 2000 BC the city states
were always fighting each other. Sargon was the leader who created
the first empire: Bringing together people, nations, or previously independent states under the control of one ruler.
It did not last long
BABYLON
BABYLON In 2000 BC
Mesopotamia was invaded by a group called the Amorites
It became the Babylonian Empire
Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) was the most famous ruler
HAMMURABI’S CODE (1772 BC) Considered the first
recorded laws in history. They were posted all around the city on giant 8 ft tall slabs of stone.
IMPACT OF HAMMURABI’S CODE
By having a standard code of law it made law something objective, less personal, and more stable /predictable (No confusion)
It also made the judiciary separate but still part of the overall government (like our supreme court)
BABYLON ENDS AROUND 1500 BC
Mesopotamia is an easy place to invade so power changes hands many times
After Babylon other groups take over: Assyrians, Phoenicians, and Hebrews
They all adopt ideas from earlier groups like the Sumerians
RECAP OF ADVANCEMENTS IN MESOPOTAMIA
Plow Pottery Bronze The Wheel Arch Sail Cuneiform
Number system based on 60 and 360 degree circles
(After the Phoenicians take over): the alphabet
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3Wvw6BivVI
How many kingdoms were there? What did Tut accomplish? Which way does the Nile flow? What do you think of Egypt?
NILE RIVER
BEGINNINGS
Earliest settlement is in 5000 BC
Dessert protected them from outside invaders. (unlike Mesopotamia)
Developed irrigation using “the gift of the Nile” which flooded regularly on schedule
UNIFIED
The Egyptian kings were considered gods and called Pharaohs : God-King
This is known as a Theocracy: religion based government (Saudi Arabia, Vatican, etc)
Pyramids: Built as tombs for the pharaohs to rule from in the afterlife.
Mummified bodies so they wouldn’t decay
CULTURE
Worshiped more than 2000 gods and goddesses: polytheistic
Slaves were used often Women held a higher status than other
civilizations
STRATIFIED SOCIETY: CLASS SYSTEM
1) Royal family at top 2) Upper Class 3) Middle Class (Merchants and
artisans) 4) Lower Class (Peasant farmers and
unskilled labor) 5) Slaves
WRITING
Hieroglyphics= pictures representing words Later translated by the Rosetta Stone in
the 1800’s Papyrus= reeds that were pressed together
to make a kind of paper
RECAP OF ADVANCEMENTS IN EGYPT
Mummification Pyramids Hieroglyphics Papyrus Calendar system based on the Nile
flooding Medical advancements: Could read a
pulse, Treated fevers and infections, Performed surgery and made splints for broken bones.
INDUS RIVER VALLEY (2500 - 1700 BC)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM&playnext=1&list=PL8898E0A37F70367E&feature=results_main
What would you name the Bath? What do you think happened to the
Indus River Valley? Why did he use Houston and Chicago
as examples? Do you think it is better to be peaceful
or war like?
INDUS RIVER
River provided fertile land Monsoons would bring rain However, floods were unpredictable. River could actually change course and
flood inhabited areas
EARLY ON
First major cities are Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.
They were developed using grid systems and had sophisticated pluming and sewage systems
Less is known about this civilization than the others
We have not figured out how to read their writings
Most of the artifacts have been washed away in floods
It did influence an area larger than either Meso. Or Egypt
MYSTERIOUS END 1750 BC
No one knows why the civilization stopped
Theories are that the river changed and the land dried or the land was over used
Large #s of dead bodies have been found suggesting either a great flood, earthquake, volcano, or a large foreign invasion
The civilization would never rise again.
OUT OF THE ASHES: ARYANS 1500 BC
They were Indo-European: where the people are a mix of ancient European and south Asian (Middle East/India)
Had a religious text known as the Vedas :This led into Hinduism
They begin the development of a caste system that influenced the one today in India.
Lighter skin gave you better stance in society
RECAP OF ADVANCEMENTS
Sewer and pluming systems Planed city systems
BELL RINGER
What are the 3 river valley civilizations we have talked about?
What are the 4 rivers? Which civilization did the Rosetta Stone
help us understand? Why were the pyramids a problem? What kingdom was south of Egypt?
CHINA (3950-1000BC)
BEGINNINGS
Started over 1000 years later than the other river valley civilizations. However, we have evidence of human remains from 1.7 million years ago
They were isolated because they were surrounded by mountains, desert, and ocean
They began to settle along the Huang He = “yellow river”
THE DYNASTIES
Dynasty: time period of rule by a single family
Shang Dynasty (2000 BC) They kept the first written record
Writing system had symbols for each idea
FIRST CITIES
Made mostly of wood surrounded by a earth wall
Sharp division of classes Nobles owned the land and the
peasants worked it for them They gave the peasants only sticks to
work with
CULTURE
Family was most important (parents), elder men were in charge of property
Women were viewed as inferior. They had to listen to all men including their sons.
They worshiped spirits of the dead They would talk to the dead by having
royalty write on whale bones heat it up and interpret the cracks for a message.
RECAP ADVANCEMENTS
Writing system based on symbols Silk from silk worms Coined money Casting iron
SO WHAT DOES ALL THIS MEAN?
Increase in trade and development of trade routes/networks
Systems of government and religion Written legal codes Increased architecture knowledge Writing Tracking of time (calandars) Advanced cities
DEBATE
Some argue that religion is the real reason civilization came to be.
This is true for the Mayans and other ancient American civilizations.
ALSO… BEER?
DISCUSSION
What do you think: Religion or farming? In your opinion what makes civilization? What do you think the most important
part of civilization is? Would you rather be a priest or a king?
NEXT STOP?
Birth of Religions And The First Empires