+ The Thirty Years War Religious Wars’ Grand Finale 2.8.
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Transcript of + The Thirty Years War Religious Wars’ Grand Finale 2.8.
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The Thirty Years War Religious Wars’ Grand Finale
2.8
+Failure of Augsburg
Terms of the agreement? Calvinism NOT an option
The truce lasted for 60 years but then there were too many religious differences to keep peace
Catholics, Jesuits, Lutherans, Calvinists, etc.
+Before the war…
Ferdinand II becomes HRE and has goals Bring Hapsburg lands back
to Catholic Church Persecute Protestants…
mostly by raising their taxes
He rules from Bohemia, and he triggers Bohemian Phase
The war begins with the Defenestration of Prague (1618)
+Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)Catholics rule, Protestants drool
Ferdinand II invites Spanish troops to help defeat the Protestants in Bohemia
Protestantism is eliminated in Bohemia
The Danish Phase (1625-1629)
Persecution of Protestants continuesAlbrecht of Wallenstein’s
mercenary army
Denmark comes in to support the poor Protestants
Height of Catholic power during the war
+The Swedish Phase (1630-1635) Catholics retaking
Germany and pushing toward unification
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden takes up Protestant cause Who asked him I
wonder…
Adolphus leads the Protestants to victories over Catholics
+Swedish Sorrows and Catholic Collapse?
Adolphus is killed in the fighting but inspires Protestant revival
Wallenstein threatens to switch sides and is assassinated
French Phase (1635-1648)
France officially joins the Protestant cause to slow down the CatholicsFrance led by Cardinal
RichelieuFrance politics over
religionGermany littered with troops
from France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, China, Mars…you get the picture
Wars drags on for 13 more years
+The Peace of Westphalia (1648)This becomes a huge peace conference
The church (pope) is not involved, nor does the pope sign the treaties
+
+RESULTS OF THE TREATY
Renewal of the Peace of Augsburg…BUT Calvinism is now a legal religion as well Continues to keep Germany divided
Holy Roman Empire dissolved 300+ states given more government rights…
Pope with no role
France, Sweden, and Prussia gain territory
Austrian Hapsburgs are weakened significantly Will never be as powerful again
+RESULTS OF THE THIRTY YEARS WAR
+Between 3-7 million died in the Thirty Years War
+ Germany was physically devastated by the war
+End of the wars of religion
England, the Netherlands, and France will take the lead in European trade, culture and politics