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The Water of Earth

The Water of Earth Allah said:Allah said:

((And after that He spread the And after that He spread the earth. He extracted from it its earth. He extracted from it its water and its pasture)water and its pasture)(The Qur’an 79:30-31)(The Qur’an 79:30-31)

�ْع�د� َذ�ل�َك� َد�َح�اَه�ا) ْر�َض� َب� �ع�اَه�ا( )النازعـات: . َو�اَأْل ��َه�ا َم�اَء�َه�ا َو�َم�ر َج� َم�ن �ْخ�ر� -30َأ31)

Science and origin of the Earth’s water -It was proved that the -It was proved that the origin of the Earth’s water is the underground through volcanic eruptions. -The water came from underground -The water came from underground through volcanic craters in form of through volcanic craters in form of water vapor or steam.water vapor or steam.-Then water vapor cooled down in -Then water vapor cooled down in low pressure in the atmosphere low pressure in the atmosphere and condensed and it rained for and condensed and it rained for thousands of years to form oceans, thousands of years to form oceans, seas etc…seas etc…

The distribution of Earth’s water The total water of earth is 1.4 The total water of earth is 1.4 billion km3 distributed as billion km3 distributed as follows:follows:-Water in -Water in oceansoceans and seas and seas (97.5%).(97.5%).-Snow over poles and mountains -Snow over poles and mountains (2%).(2%).-Underground water (0.48).-Underground water (0.48).-Water in lakes and streams -Water in lakes and streams (0.02%). (0.02%). -Soil moisture (0.01%). -Soil moisture (0.01%). -Air moisture (0.001%).-Air moisture (0.001%).Without this huge amount of Without this huge amount of water temperature could increase water temperature could increase to 100c on the day and could to 100c on the day and could decrease to -100c at night.decrease to -100c at night.

Water cycle -Heat from the Sun vaporizes -Heat from the Sun vaporizes about 380’000 km3 of the earth’s about 380’000 km3 of the earth’s water (water (320,000 km3 come from 320,000 km3 come from ocean and sea surfaces and 60’000 ocean and sea surfaces and 60’000 km3 come from land) a year.km3 come from land) a year.-284,000 km3 fall on oceans and -284,000 km3 fall on oceans and seas.seas.-96,000 km3 fall on land.-96,000 km3 fall on land.-36,000 km3 from that fall on land -36,000 km3 from that fall on land come back to oceans and seas thus come back to oceans and seas thus their water level remains their water level remains

unchanged.unchanged.

The formation of clouds Allah said:Allah said:

((Do you not see that Allah drives Do you not see that Allah drives clouds? Then He brings them clouds? Then He brings them together, then He makes them into together, then He makes them into a stack, and you see the rain a stack, and you see the rain emerge from within it...) emerge from within it...) (The Qur’an 24:43)(The Qur’an 24:43)

ى �ر� 5 ف�َت �اَما ك 6ُه6 ْر6 �ج�ْع�ُل 6َّم: َي �ُه6 ُث �ن �ي 6َؤ�ل<ُف6 َب 6َّم: َي 5 ُث َح�اَبا ِج�ي َس� �6ز :ُه� َي َّن: الُل� �ر� َأ �َّم� َت �ل )َأ

�ُه�...( )النوْر: َج6 َم�ْن� ْخ�الل �ْخ�ر6 �و�َد�َق� َي ( 43ال

Clouds formation Wind moves small pieces of clouds Wind moves small pieces of clouds to an area of convergence.to an area of convergence.

Satellite photo showing the clouds moving towards the convergence areas. The arrows indicate the directions of the wind.(The Use of Satellite Pictures in Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Anderson and others, p. 188.)

Small pieces of clouds (cumulus clouds) moving towards a convergence zone near the horizon, where we can see a large cumulonimbus cloud. (Clouds and Storms, Ludlam, plate 7.4.)

Clouds formationSmall clouds gather to form larger Small clouds gather to form larger clouds.clouds.Then Clouds grow vertically Then Clouds grow vertically through the updrafts so they are through the updrafts so they are stacked up. stacked up.

(A) Isolated small pieces of clouds (cumulus clouds). (B) When the small clouds join together, updrafts within the larger cloud increase, so the cloud is stacked up. Water drops are indicated by . (The Atmosphere, Anthes and others, p. 269.)

Clouds formation:Vertical growth of clouds, stacking up, Vertical growth of clouds, stacking up, reaches cooler areas in the atmosphere. reaches cooler areas in the atmosphere. Then water drops and hails develop and Then water drops and hails develop and become larger and heavier and fall.become larger and heavier and fall.

A cumulonimbus cloud. After the cloud is stacked up, rain comes out of it. (Weather and Climate, Bodin, p.123.)

Hail and lightningAllah said:Allah said:

((And He sends down from the sky, And He sends down from the sky, mountains [of clouds] within mountains [of clouds] within which is hail, and He strikes with which is hail, and He strikes with it whom He wills and averts it from it whom He wills and averts it from whom He wills. The flash of its whom He wills. The flash of its lightening almost takes away the lightening almost takes away the eyesight.) (The Qur’an 24:43)eyesight.) (The Qur’an 24:43)

اَء6 �َش� �ُه� َم�ْن� َي 6ِص�يُب6 َب َدM ف�ي �ر� �اٍلM ف�يَه�ا َم�ْن� َب َب م�اَء� َم�ْن� ِج� ٍل6 َم�ْن� الَّس: �ز< 6ن )َو�َي�ِص�اْر�( �َب ��اَأْل �ْذ�َه�ُب6 َب ِق�ُه� َي ��ر �ا َب ن �اَد6 َس� �َك اَء6 َي �َش� �ِص�ر�ف6ُه6 ع�ْن� َم�ْن� َي )النوْر: َمْن َو�َي

(43اآلَية

Hail and lightning -Hailstones become negatively -Hailstones become negatively charged when electrons transport charged when electrons transport between ice crystals and hailstones between ice crystals and hailstones upon contact between them.upon contact between them.-Also positively charged splinters -Also positively charged splinters of ice break off then they are lifted of ice break off then they are lifted up to the upper parts of the up to the upper parts of the clouds. clouds. -Negatively charged hailstones fall -Negatively charged hailstones fall down to the lower parts of the down to the lower parts of the clouds and their negative charges clouds and their negative charges are discharged as lightning. are discharged as lightning. Meteorology Today, Ahrens, p. 437.

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