ع î ¿ îًنا اقَsaudibi.com/pres/p1.pdfRobber bees drafting No swarming Resistant to EFB No...
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إػذادحساو فزج إتزاهيى أتىشعزج
ذحد إشزاف ػبذ انسالو أىس يحذ. د.أ
سالالث حم انؼسم انحست
غشق إتخاب و تحس سالالث حم انؼسم
انقاغ ف وساثت حم انؼسم بؼط
غشق انتفشقت ب سالالث حم انؼسم
أىاع و سالالث حم انؼسم
قاغ انىظىع
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Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: ArthropodaS.P: UniramiaClass: Insecta (Hexapoda)
PterygotaSubclass: Division: EndopterygotaOrder: HymenopteraS.O: ApocritaSuper family: ApoidaeFam: ApidaeSub family: ApinaeTribe: Apinin
Genus: Apis Linnaeus, 1758
Apis mellifeca (Apis mellifera)
انىظغ انتقس نحم انؼسم
أىاع حم انؼسم
According to Lo et al., 2009 :
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Dwarf honey bees
A. dorosataA. laboriosaA. breviligula
Giant honey bees
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A. mellifera A. nigrocincta
A.ceranaA.indica A. koschevnikovi
Cavity-nesting honey bees
سالالث حم انؼسم انؼان
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A.m.scutellata A. m. anatoliaca A.m.syriaca
A.m. capensisA. m. intermissaA. m. mellifera
A. m. caucasica A.m.adansonii
A. m. ligusticaA. m. carnica
A. m. lamarckii
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CalmStart in colony development in springWintering in small colonyNo robbingNo drafting Good honey with wax No much propolis
Apis mellifera carnica :انكشىن انحم
CalmStart in colony development in springWintering in large colonyRobber beesdrafting No swarmingResistant to EFBNo much propolis
:انحم اإلطان Apis mellifera ligustica
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CalmSlowly in colony development Wintering in large colonyRobber beesdrafting No swarmingSusceptible to Nosemamuch propolis
Apis mellifera caucasica :انحم انقىقاصي
Body characters
Ton L
F L
T L
Bas L
Bas W
FWL
FWW
HWLHWW
NW
SLHC
:Morphometrical analysisانتحهم انىسفىنىج . أوال
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Inner wing length
Inner wing width
Radial field
Dumb-bell index = 1-4/5-6
Distance A, Distance B , Cubital Index , Distance C and Distance D
Wing characters:
ScannerPhotoshop
Scanner + Photoshop = Scan Photo method
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Freezer
Dissection
Photoshop
Scanner + Photoshop = Scan Photo method
Scanner
Properites : Zoom 100% , resultion 2400 ppi , RGB (Piexl = 0.02 mm)
(De la Rua et al., 2009غثقا ل ): انطشق انىساثت. ثاا
: (mt DNA)تحهم انذي ا ات انتىكىذسي -1
: (Nuclear DNA)انتحهم انذي ا ات انىو -2
allozymesmicrosatellites
RAPD RFLP
Mdh HK
550 markers
CoI- CoII
RFLP
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Honeybee Chromosomes
15000 genes
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Parthenogenesis
Arrhenotoky
Thelytoky
Gynandromorphs
Cape bees
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Honey Bee Cryobiology
غشق إتخاب و تحس سالالث حم انؼسم
و ي انقاغ انهايح ف عهيح ذحسي انسالالخ االذ:
.اإلناو تاألسس انىراثيح و وظع تزايح نهرحسي -1.االناو تطزق ذزتيح انهكاخ -2.االناو تطزق ذزتيح انذكىر -3.انرحكى ف ذهقيح انهكاخ ي انذكىر انزغىتح -4.وظع أسس نإلرخاب و انرقيى -5
breedingتشش كهت الإن ظاو خاص ف عهيح انرهقيح حيث يؤدي إن أحس و أفعم انرائح و نرحقيك أهذاف يعيح
.و ذسرز هذج انعهيح ألخيال يرراتعح
فه ذع انرزتيح ي انثيعح إن انحشزج انكايهح دوrearingو هزا ختهف ػ يفهىو ال.انرقيذ تظاو يعي ف انرهقيح أو انرحكى ف انصفاخ انطهىتح
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: Inbreedingغشقت انتشبت انذاخهت -1
و إراج سالالخ قيحhomozygousو انغزض يها هى انحصىل عه أسواج ي اندياخ انراثهح
At least 7 generationsMating control
Some bad characteristics will be appeared
Breeding from the best :غشقت انتشبت ي األفعم -2
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: Line breedingغشقت انتشبت انخطت -3
Planned plan
Final aim
5.7 mm
5.9 mm
4 kg
5 kg
6.3 mm 6 kg
6.7 mm 7 kg
: Inbred-Hybrid breedingانتهج ب انسالالث انقت -4
hybrid vigor
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selective breeding:انتشبت االتقائت -6
stock selection
genetic variability
controlled mating
stock maintenance
Stock
A lineB line
C line
AB
C
AB AC
Crossing
:غشق أخشي نتحس انسالالث
تشبت صفاث يحذدة بىاسطت يهكاث يهقحت ي ركش واحذ-- Breeding for specific traits using single mated queens
انحافظت ػه انتىع انىساث بإستخذاو يهكاث يتؼذدة انتهقح--Conserving genetic diversity using supermated queens
utilization of natural mating اإلستفادة ي انتهقح انطبؼ
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أيثهت نؼهاث انتهج ب انسالالث
X or = Good bees
X = Good bees
X = Good bees
Egyptian bees Carniolan bees Caucasian bees
Carniolan bees Caucasian bees
Carniolan beesSyrian bees
Warrick Kurr, 1956
X
African bees Brazilian bees
Killer bees
1200 stings
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Pure VSH Breeder Queens
HarrisHarbo
Harbo Spivak
SMR
VSH
Suppression Mite Reproduction
Varroa Sensitive Hygiene
ذعزف انحم عه انعذاري انصاتح و إسانرها
االظزار انر ذهحك تانفاروا ف انطىائف انقاويح نه
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VSHحم ال
Harris and Harbo method for identifying VSH
Low Varroa infestation High Varroa infestation
Low Varroa infestationHigh Varroa infestation
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Hygienic Italian Breeder Queenswith VSH
. و ذحم هذج انهكاخ يدىعح ي انصفاخ انفعهح نرهقيح انثاذاخ و اإلراج انعان ي انعسم
Cordovan Italian
و ه ي انسالالث انجذة ف إتاج انحعت و يقاويت األيشاضو صفت نى انكىسدو تحكى فها ج يتح واحذ، نزادة يقاويت حم انكىدوفا نهفاسوا VSHو تى انتهج ب انكىدوفا و ال
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Carniolan bees
و تتض بانتشتت انجذة ، سشػت ى انطائفت ف انشبغ ،يقاويت حهى انقصباث ،
باء االقشاص بشكم يتاص .نزادة يقاويت انحم نهفاسوا VSHو تى تهج انحم انكشىن بحم ال
Minnesota Hygienic Italians
بجايؼت يسىتا Dr. Marla Spivakو ه سالنت تى تطىشها بىاسطت و تى تشبه هزة انسالنت نتكى ػه دسجت ػانت ي انسهىك انصح
.تجاة أيشاض انحعت يثم تؼف انحعت االيشك و انحعت انطباششت
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Buckfast bee
و ه اذح ي ذهدي انحم اإليطان يع انحم Brother Adamو ه سالنح ذطىرخ تىاسطح
األسىد انحه، و ذريش تانهذوء و افعم ي انحم اإليطان ف تعط انىاح وانعية انزئيس نها هى اها ذسرخذو انثزوتىنيس تكثزج داخم انخهيح يا يدعم ي انصعة
.رفع انثزاويش نفحصها و ذحزيكها و كذنك تطء ى انطىائف ف انزتيع