~~~ OVERVIEW OF BELIEF SYSTEMS ~~~
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Transcript of ~~~ OVERVIEW OF BELIEF SYSTEMS ~~~
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~~~OVERVIEW OF
BELIEF SYSTEMS
~~~
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• Polytheism
POLYTHEISM
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POLYTHEISM
• Belief in, or worship of, multiple deities or gods.• Gods are conceived as complex personages of
greater or lesser status, with individual skills, needs, desires and stories.
• The gods are not always omnipotent or omniscient; rather, they are often portrayed as similar to humans in their personality traits, but with additional individual powers, abilities, knowledge or perceptions.
• Sumerian gods, the Egyptian gods, the Ancient Greek religion, Norse Æsir and Vanir, the Yoruba Orisha, the Aztec gods, and many others.
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HINDUISMThe sound OHM,
or AUM, is the most sacred symbol for Hindus. It is often used in prayer
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HINDUISM: For the Exam
Know: -The Caste System (no social mobility), determined at birth, good behavior
moves up caste after death.-Oldest organized religion in history-Polytheistic-Belief in Reincarnation
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HINDUISM
• Collection of beliefs that developed over thousands of years (combo of Arayan beliefs w/ native beliefs). No founder. India.
• Brahman is most divine spirit• Holy Men, GURUS, are spiritual teachers. They
interpret the religion. • Sacred Books: Vedas/Upanishads• Liberation from desires and suffering: Moksha. • Reincarnation based on Karma and Darma• Caste System (ex: Brahmin)
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BUDDHISM
WHEEL OF LAW – his teachings are often a symbol of the wheel and interconnectedness of life and all living things.
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BUDDHISMKnow:
-Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)-Created to overcome Suffering-4 Noble Truths:
Life is Suffering, Suffering comes from desireEnd desire and suffering ends,End desire by following the 8-fold path
-Does not agree with the Caste System (all life is equal)
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BUDDHISM
• Siddartha Guatama – 563 BCE• Wandered to find “Enlightenment”. • 4 Noble Truths about suffering and how to
get rid of it. • 8-Fold Path = steps to Nirvana (release
from selfishness and pain. • Draws from Hinduism – but also a reaction
to harsh Hindu traditions (Caste). • Spread throughout all of Asia
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Confucius
CONFUCIANISM
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Know: -The Five relationships Ruler-Ruled, Father-Son, Husband-Wife, Older Brother-Younger
Brother, Friend-Friend
-Created to restore social order
-Focus on Filial Piety
-Holy Text = The Analects
-Founded by Confucius (Kung FuTzi)
CONFUCIANISM
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CONFUCIANISM• Confucius lived during Zhou Dynasty (500’s BCE)• His influence wasn’t appreciated until Han Dynasty
(200’s BCE)• 5 Basic Relationships
1. Ruler/Subject 2. Father/Son 3.Husband/Wife 4. Older brother/younger brother 5. friends
FILIAL PIETY – respect for parents and elders.
•Social Order/Harmony
• Education is critically important
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Know: -Founded by Lao Tzu-Created to restore balance/harmony-Based on Nature (water imagery)-Believed nature is pure, society
corrupts
DAOISM
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YIN YANG, represents harmony if YIN (EARTH/FEMALE/PASSIVE) and the YANG (HEAVEN/ MALE/ ACTIVE)
DAOISM
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Know: -Founded by Lao Tzu-Created to restore balance/harmony-Based on Nature (water imagery)-Believed nature is pure, society
corrupts
DAOISM
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DAOISM
• Laozi (600 BCE).
• Natural Order is KEY!
• Of all creatures of nature, only humans fail to follow the Dao or “the way”.
• Government should do as little as possible and leave the people alone.
• Communion with nature instead of political chaos.
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Know: -Founded by Han Feizi-Created to restore order/peace-Based on rewards/punishments-Believed nature corrupts; society (and
laws) can make us better
Largely supported only during the Qin Dynasty
Legalism
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• Belief in One God (Mono = 1 Theism = God)
Monotheism
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JUDAISMStar of David (shield of
David)…is the universal symbol of Judaism. It refers to King David, who ruled the kingdom of Israel.
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JUDAISM
Know: -Oldest Monotheistic religion known-Holy Book = Torah-First of the Abrahamic Faiths-Migratory population based on racism-Founded by Abraham/Moses
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JUDAISM
• First heavily followed monotheistic religion. • Book: Torah• God chose Abraham to be the “father” of the Hebrew
people. • To Hebrews, God (Yahweh) was not a physical being
and no images were made of Yahweh. • Migrated to Egypt from Canaan (today’s Israel) and were
forced into slavery. • Exodus: 1300-1200 BCE…Moses led them from slavery. • 900 BCE – 2 kingdoms: Judah and Israel. Judah was
destroyed by Assyrians. • Fighting for Jerusalem still exists today.
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CHRISTIANITY
CROSS = symbol of crucifixion of Jesus Christ…represents Jesus’ love for humanity in dying for its sins.
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CHRISTIANITY
• Worship of Roman gods was impersonal, practiced without a great deal of emotion. Christianity was accepted and spread.
• Emphasized individual relationships with God. • Jesus (prophet) was born a Jew in Judea (4
BCE?). Christians believe he is the son of God.• Bible = combo of Jewish and new Christian ideas• Constantine was first Roman emperor to accept it
as the Romans expanded East. It became official religion of Rome, eventually.
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ISLAMCrescent Moon – became symbol
during Ottoman Empire. Maybe 5 stars represent Pillars? Some Muslims actually do not accept it. It is often used on political flags to represent Islamic nations.
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ISLAMKnow:
-5 Pillars of Islam: Statement of Faith, Pray 5 times a day, Give to the needy, Fast during Ramadan, Perform the Hajj [trip to Mecca] once in your life-Founded by Muhammad in the 7th century (600s)-Sunni-Shi’a split after the death of Muhammad: Why? Does it still exist?-Caliph = Islamic Political Leader
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ISLAM
• Mecca, Saudi Arabia – holy city• Muhammad – Final Prophet (accepts
Abraham and Jesus as well. )• 5 Pillars of Faith• Monotheistic• Islamic Empire – becomes its own empire! • Trade and Commerce spread its ideas and
became a huge empire.