MIDDLE AGES REVIEW

#1 Charlemagne

King of the Franks---Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

United many tribes into one kingdom

Promoted Christianity

Helped to spread education; promoted education

#2—Feudal System

Lords valued LOYALTY most in their knights

#3—Feudal Exchanges

Lords gave their knights FIEFS, or pieces of land, in exchange for their service.

#4—Feudal Contract

A verbal or written agreement consisting of obligations of both the lord and the vassal.

#5--Peasants

Peasants were willing to become serfs and work on manors in order to SURVIVE and be PROTECTED from barbarian tribes like VIKINGS!

#6--Noble

A rich and powerful land-owning person in the Middle Ages.

#7—Similarities of knights and samurai

Both pledged LOYALTY to their lords

#8—Influence and Power of Religion

In the Middle Ages, the teachings of the Church gave people HOPE and provided ORDER in difficult times.

People feared EXCOMMUNICATION, and wanted to get into Heaven, so they did everything the Church asked of them.

#9--Excommunication

To be cast out from the Church

If a person was excommunicated, it was believed they would not get into Heaven.

#10—Reclaiming the Holy Land

The Pope wanted to be famous for making the Holy Land Christian again

Peasants wanted to leave the manor and go on an adventure

Knights wanted to be famous and get rich

#11--Crusades

The Crusaders encountered the Muslims or the Islamic people on their quest to regain control of the Holy Land.

#12—Impact of the Crusades

Trade between Europe and Asia increases

New products from the Middle East were introduced into markets in Europe

The Silk Road—trade route connecting Europe and Asia reopened

#13—Crusades=Fail!

The Crusaders were not prepared to fight in the dry, desert climate

Poor leadership and organization

#14—Islamic Achievements

Math—algebra and trigonometry Hospitals Medical Encyclopedias with new

treatments Pharmacies New treatments for eye conditions/eye

surgeries Islamic calendar Astrolabe

#15—Black Death

The Black Death was a plague that caused 1/3 of Europe’s population to decline between 1347-1351

#16—Skilled Workers

Skilled workers (blacksmiths, tailors, candlemakers, bakers, etc.) wanted to leave the manor and move to towns in order to join a guild and earn money.

#17—Decline of Manorial System

Skilled craftsmen moved to towns, joined guilds, and became merchants that traded and sold their goods for money.

#18—Magna Carta and U.S.

The Right to a Trial by a Jury is found in both the Magna Carta and the U.S. Constitution.

#19—Magna Carta Effects

The Magna Carta limited the power of the king and gave more rights to the people. This led to a more democratic society in England and led to the U.S. creating a system where the people’s rights are protected under the law.

#20—French Peasants View of Joan of Arc

The peasants believed that Joan was chosen by God to lead France to independence against the English.

#21—Church View of Joan of Arc

The Church believed that Joan was a heretic—someone going against church teachings.