© K.Fedra 2012 1 SPATIAL PLANNING 0.1 Overview, procedere what to do and how to do it Raumordnung,...

© K.Fedra 20121

SPATIAL PLANNINGSPATIAL PLANNINGSPATIAL PLANNINGSPATIAL PLANNING

0.1 Overview, procedere0.1 Overview, procederewhat to do and how to do itwhat to do and how to do it

Raumordnung, RaumplanungRaumordnung, Raumplanung SS 2012 SS 2012DDr. Kurt Fedra DDr. Kurt Fedra [email protected]@ess.co.at

© K.Fedra 20122

Introduction: Introduction: Kurt FedraKurt FedraIntroduction: Introduction: Kurt FedraKurt Fedra

Director, Environmental Software & Services GmbH, Austria, building environmental information and decision support systems for more than 30 years.

2000 Dr. sci., University of Geneva (interdisciplinary) thesis on environmental DSS

1983-1995: IIASA, Project Leader, Advanced Computer Applications, Manager of Computer Services.

1982-83 postdoctoral year at MIT, R. Parsons Laboratory, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering

1978-1982: IIASA, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , Scholar, Resources and Environment

1978 Dr. phil., University of Vienna, Biology, thesis on a simulation model of the ecology of the North Adriatic Sea

Teaching Environmental Systems Analysis, Geomatics, at several universities (Austria, Italy, Switzerland), short courses world wide

Director, Environmental Software & Services GmbH, Austria, building environmental information and decision support systems for more than 30 years.

2000 Dr. sci., University of Geneva (interdisciplinary) thesis on environmental DSS

1983-1995: IIASA, Project Leader, Advanced Computer Applications, Manager of Computer Services.

1982-83 postdoctoral year at MIT, R. Parsons Laboratory, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering

1978-1982: IIASA, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , Scholar, Resources and Environment

1978 Dr. phil., University of Vienna, Biology, thesis on a simulation model of the ecology of the North Adriatic Sea

Teaching Environmental Systems Analysis, Geomatics, at several universities (Austria, Italy, Switzerland), short courses world wide

© K.Fedra 20123

What is it about ?What is it about ?

Better (spatial) planning, for a better world.

• What is spatial planning ?• functional, systemic view, applied systems

analysis, quantitative methods

• What are the objectives (what is better ?)• criteria, objectives, constraints

• How to do it:• instruments, models

• Hands on experiments (LUC)

Better (spatial) planning, for a better world.

• What is spatial planning ?• functional, systemic view, applied systems

analysis, quantitative methods

• What are the objectives (what is better ?)• criteria, objectives, constraints

• How to do it:• instruments, models

• Hands on experiments (LUC)

© K.Fedra 20124

Components, Objectives:Components, Objectives:

Topics: spatial planning quantitative methods, modelsFormat: seminar (interactive)Vehicle: eLearning platform

(CourseWare, AT:net project)

Main tool: LUC, a web-based land use change model, scenario analysis, hypothesis testing, forecasting;

Topics: spatial planning quantitative methods, modelsFormat: seminar (interactive)Vehicle: eLearning platform

(CourseWare, AT:net project)

Main tool: LUC, a web-based land use change model, scenario analysis, hypothesis testing, forecasting;

© K.Fedra 20125

Seminar Seminar (Websters)(Websters)Seminar Seminar (Websters)(Websters)

1.1. A group of advanced students A group of advanced students studying under a studying under a professorprofessor with each with each student doing original research and student doing original research and all exchanging results through all exchanging results through reports and discussionsreports and discussions

2.2. An advanced or graduate course An advanced or graduate course featuring featuring informality and discussionsinformality and discussions

1.1. A group of advanced students A group of advanced students studying under a studying under a professorprofessor with each with each student doing original research and student doing original research and all exchanging results through all exchanging results through reports and discussionsreports and discussions

2.2. An advanced or graduate course An advanced or graduate course featuring featuring informality and discussionsinformality and discussions

© K.Fedra 20126

Seminar Seminar (Websters)(Websters)Seminar Seminar (Websters)(Websters)

Informality, exchanging results through Informality, exchanging results through reports and discussions:reports and discussions:

through electronic, web-based through electronic, web-based communication:communication:

• virtual classroom, library, feedbackvirtual classroom, library, feedback

• web discussion forum, mailing listweb discussion forum, mailing list

• on-line lectures, tests, assignmentson-line lectures, tests, assignments

Informality, exchanging results through Informality, exchanging results through reports and discussions:reports and discussions:

through electronic, web-based through electronic, web-based communication:communication:

• virtual classroom, library, feedbackvirtual classroom, library, feedback

• web discussion forum, mailing listweb discussion forum, mailing list

• on-line lectures, tests, assignmentson-line lectures, tests, assignments

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Seminar scope and topics:Seminar scope and topics:Seminar scope and topics:Seminar scope and topics:Part 1: Introductory Block: Part 1: Introductory Block:

WHAT and HOW? WHAT and HOW? (March 19/20 2012)(March 19/20 2012)

• Basics: introduction, language, Basics: introduction, language, background, concepts, methods background, concepts, methods

RAISING QUESTIONSRAISING QUESTIONSPart 2: eLearning, on-line lecture units,, Part 2: eLearning, on-line lecture units,,

assignments, discussion, model useassignments, discussion, model useTerm paper presentations by end of MayTerm paper presentations by end of May

Part 1: Introductory Block: Part 1: Introductory Block:

WHAT and HOW? WHAT and HOW? (March 19/20 2012)(March 19/20 2012)

• Basics: introduction, language, Basics: introduction, language, background, concepts, methods background, concepts, methods

RAISING QUESTIONSRAISING QUESTIONSPart 2: eLearning, on-line lecture units,, Part 2: eLearning, on-line lecture units,,

assignments, discussion, model useassignments, discussion, model useTerm paper presentations by end of MayTerm paper presentations by end of May

© K.Fedra 20128

Seminar scope and topics:Seminar scope and topics:Seminar scope and topics:Seminar scope and topics:

Short term plan:Short term plan:TODAY: TODAY: introduction, overviewintroduction, overviewTUESDAY: TUESDAY: scratching topics and tools scratching topics and tools

as far as we get, fast trackas far as we get, fast track

AS OF WEDNESDAY:AS OF WEDNESDAY: your turn,your turn, YOUR INPUTS,YOUR INPUTS,YOUR QUESTIONS ?YOUR QUESTIONS ?

Followed by: weekly reminders, see:Followed by: weekly reminders, see:http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNINGhttp://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING

Short term plan:Short term plan:TODAY: TODAY: introduction, overviewintroduction, overviewTUESDAY: TUESDAY: scratching topics and tools scratching topics and tools

as far as we get, fast trackas far as we get, fast track

AS OF WEDNESDAY:AS OF WEDNESDAY: your turn,your turn, YOUR INPUTS,YOUR INPUTS,YOUR QUESTIONS ?YOUR QUESTIONS ?

Followed by: weekly reminders, see:Followed by: weekly reminders, see:http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNINGhttp://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING

© K.Fedra 20129

Efforts and tasks:Efforts and tasks:Efforts and tasks:Efforts and tasks:

Total (minimal) effort: 34 hoursTotal (minimal) effort: 34 hours1.1. Introductory lectures: ~ 10-12 hoursIntroductory lectures: ~ 10-12 hours2.2. 10 – 12 “units” == topics, weekly: 10 – 12 “units” == topics, weekly:

• On-line ~30 -150 minutes, each unit with On-line ~30 -150 minutes, each unit with tests, mini assignments embedded in the tests, mini assignments embedded in the lectures: direct response or simple research: lectures: direct response or simple research: post to the discussion board post to the discussion board (mail to the list, (mail to the list, submit to the comment tracking system).submit to the comment tracking system).

3.3. An individual term paper of min. 5 -10+ An individual term paper of min. 5 -10+ pages pages (20+ minute presentation) select YOUR (20+ minute presentation) select YOUR topic. Also as teams of 2, max 3topic. Also as teams of 2, max 3

Total (minimal) effort: 34 hoursTotal (minimal) effort: 34 hours1.1. Introductory lectures: ~ 10-12 hoursIntroductory lectures: ~ 10-12 hours2.2. 10 – 12 “units” == topics, weekly: 10 – 12 “units” == topics, weekly:

• On-line ~30 -150 minutes, each unit with On-line ~30 -150 minutes, each unit with tests, mini assignments embedded in the tests, mini assignments embedded in the lectures: direct response or simple research: lectures: direct response or simple research: post to the discussion board post to the discussion board (mail to the list, (mail to the list, submit to the comment tracking system).submit to the comment tracking system).

3.3. An individual term paper of min. 5 -10+ An individual term paper of min. 5 -10+ pages pages (20+ minute presentation) select YOUR (20+ minute presentation) select YOUR topic. Also as teams of 2, max 3topic. Also as teams of 2, max 3

© K.Fedra 201210

Scheduling:Scheduling:Scheduling:Scheduling:• 2-3 weekly cycles, overlapping,

expert system supervised (reminders, ranking)

• reminders by mail• eLearning:

Anywhere, anytime, at your own pace

• 2-3 weekly cycles, overlapping, expert system supervised (reminders, ranking)

• reminders by mail• eLearning:

Anywhere, anytime, at your own pace

© K.Fedra 201211

Murphys law (42?):Murphys law (42?):Murphys law (42?):Murphys law (42?):

[ ANY TASK ] always takes longer than expected, even when considering this rule.

start earlier …..

[ ANY TASK ] always takes longer than expected, even when considering this rule.

start earlier …..

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Efforts and tasks:Efforts and tasks:Efforts and tasks:Efforts and tasks:

• ACTIVE PARTICIPATIONACTIVE PARTICIPATION

• Discussion boardDiscussion board• Background reading (PDF library),Background reading (PDF library),

– upload new files, keywords,upload new files, keywords,– add abstracts, submit a review/comment add abstracts, submit a review/comment

• Glossary of terms, links, case studiesGlossary of terms, links, case studies• Term paper: Term paper: original, original, in time for discussion: in time for discussion:

process rather than product !process rather than product !

• ACTIVE PARTICIPATIONACTIVE PARTICIPATION

• Discussion boardDiscussion board• Background reading (PDF library),Background reading (PDF library),

– upload new files, keywords,upload new files, keywords,– add abstracts, submit a review/comment add abstracts, submit a review/comment

• Glossary of terms, links, case studiesGlossary of terms, links, case studies• Term paper: Term paper: original, original, in time for discussion: in time for discussion:

process rather than product !process rather than product !

© K.Fedra 201213

Getting started:Getting started:1. VISIT:

http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING2. REGISTER on-line (start as guest)

NOTE: always use the SAME eMail address …3. REGISTER at the web forum:

• same user name, “subscribe”4. BROWSE the web site5. get/fill/submit the Questionnaire6. Take the introductory test7. Stuck ? Confused ? ALWAYS ASK:

[email protected] (private)[email protected] (public)

1. VISIT: http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING

2. REGISTER on-line (start as guest) NOTE: always use the SAME eMail address …

3. REGISTER at the web forum:• same user name, “subscribe”

4. BROWSE the web site5. get/fill/submit the Questionnaire6. Take the introductory test7. Stuck ? Confused ? ALWAYS ASK:

[email protected] (private)[email protected] (public)

© K.Fedra 201214

YOUR objective:YOUR objective:YOUR objective:YOUR objective:Collect Brownie points: Collect Brownie points: for all “activities”, for all “activities”,

Brownie points are assigned that contribute to Brownie points are assigned that contribute to your “standing”your “standing”

HOW TO EARN THEM:HOW TO EARN THEM:register, answer the questionnaire, take the test, register, answer the questionnaire, take the test,

create your profile, post to the board, stimulate create your profile, post to the board, stimulate discussions, discuss other posts, go through the discussions, discuss other posts, go through the lectures, comment, add to the GLOSSARY, take lectures, comment, add to the GLOSSARY, take up challenges and mini-assignments from the up challenges and mini-assignments from the lecture, submit and discuss your term paper, … lecture, submit and discuss your term paper, … suggest something brilliant, suggest something brilliant, surprise us !surprise us !

BE CREATIVE, ACTIVE, GET INVOLVED !BE CREATIVE, ACTIVE, GET INVOLVED !

Collect Brownie points: Collect Brownie points: for all “activities”, for all “activities”, Brownie points are assigned that contribute to Brownie points are assigned that contribute to your “standing”your “standing”

HOW TO EARN THEM:HOW TO EARN THEM:register, answer the questionnaire, take the test, register, answer the questionnaire, take the test,

create your profile, post to the board, stimulate create your profile, post to the board, stimulate discussions, discuss other posts, go through the discussions, discuss other posts, go through the lectures, comment, add to the GLOSSARY, take lectures, comment, add to the GLOSSARY, take up challenges and mini-assignments from the up challenges and mini-assignments from the lecture, submit and discuss your term paper, … lecture, submit and discuss your term paper, … suggest something brilliant, suggest something brilliant, surprise us !surprise us !

BE CREATIVE, ACTIVE, GET INVOLVED !BE CREATIVE, ACTIVE, GET INVOLVED !

© K.Fedra 201216

Questionnaire Q1Questionnaire Q1Questionnaire Q1Questionnaire Q1• 26 simple questions, 7 grade Likert scale 26 simple questions, 7 grade Likert scale

that measures agreement/disagreement that measures agreement/disagreement with a statementwith a statement

• FAST ANSWERS FAST ANSWERS (first reaction) !!!(first reaction) !!!• NOT a testNOT a test• NO right or wrong answers, NO right or wrong answers, • Explores attitudes and believesExplores attitudes and believes• Results and analysis on-line Results and analysis on-line

(eventually …..)(eventually …..)

• 26 simple questions, 7 grade Likert scale 26 simple questions, 7 grade Likert scale that measures agreement/disagreement that measures agreement/disagreement with a statementwith a statement

• FAST ANSWERS FAST ANSWERS (first reaction) !!!(first reaction) !!!• NOT a testNOT a test• NO right or wrong answers, NO right or wrong answers, • Explores attitudes and believesExplores attitudes and believes• Results and analysis on-line Results and analysis on-line

(eventually …..)(eventually …..)

© K.Fedra 201217

Questionnaire Q1Questionnaire Q1Questionnaire Q1Questionnaire Q1

NOT a testNOT a test …… as such …… as such

THE TEST is: how fast I get an answer !THE TEST is: how fast I get an answer !

download the questionnaire from:download the questionnaire from:http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING/http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING/

SP1.doc ~/SP2.docSP1.doc ~/SP2.doc

send the completed questionnaire tosend the completed questionnaire to

[email protected]@ess.co.at

NOT a testNOT a test …… as such …… as such

THE TEST is: how fast I get an answer !THE TEST is: how fast I get an answer !

download the questionnaire from:download the questionnaire from:http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING/http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING/

SP1.doc ~/SP2.docSP1.doc ~/SP2.doc

send the completed questionnaire tosend the completed questionnaire to

[email protected]@ess.co.at

© K.Fedra 201221

The questionnaires Q1, Q2The questionnaires Q1, Q2The questionnaires Q1, Q2The questionnaires Q1, Q2

1. Download MS Word files fromhttp://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING

2. Submit by eMail

© K.Fedra 201222

Introduction: what to doIntroduction: what to do

When you register on-line, ADD a profile:WHO are you ?

– academic age, interest

WHY are you here ?HOW many and which countries, regions, do you know ?Specific questions ?

Post to discussion board OR send a short eMail to:

[email protected], [email protected] web pages, forum, tools, on-line

lectures, background reading:http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING

When you register on-line, ADD a profile:WHO are you ?

– academic age, interest

WHY are you here ?HOW many and which countries, regions, do you know ?Specific questions ?

Post to discussion board OR send a short eMail to:

[email protected], [email protected] web pages, forum, tools, on-line

lectures, background reading:http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING

© K.Fedra 201223

Introduction: what to doIntroduction: what to do

edit the registration formedit the registration form

© K.Fedra 201224

Introduction: get startedIntroduction: get started

On-line registration:http://www.ess.co.a/SPATIALPLANNING

You will be subscribed to a mailing list: [email protected]

PS: the server is case sensitive ….

On-line questionnaires Q1, Q2– download, fill out [quickly], send back by eMail

([email protected], [email protected])

On-line test: multiple choice for calibration

On-line registration:http://www.ess.co.a/SPATIALPLANNING

You will be subscribed to a mailing list: [email protected]

PS: the server is case sensitive ….

On-line questionnaires Q1, Q2– download, fill out [quickly], send back by eMail

([email protected], [email protected])

On-line test: multiple choice for calibration

© K.Fedra 201225

Seminar = InteractionSeminar = InteractionSeminar = InteractionSeminar = Interaction

Interactive – please ask !I don’t know what you don’t know,

unless YOU tell me.There is no such thing as a stupid

question (unless I don’t know the answer )

Use the on-line support tools at

http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING

Interactive – please ask !I don’t know what you don’t know,

unless YOU tell me.There is no such thing as a stupid

question (unless I don’t know the answer )

Use the on-line support tools at

http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING

© K.Fedra 201226

Secondary agenda I:Secondary agenda I:Help develop an on-line web-based

distance learning course

Spatial Planning1. Background material:

1. PDF/HTML documents, 2. Land use change model, MC DSS (the good city)

2. Structured interactive lectures, integrated assignments, exercises

3. On-line multiple-choice tests

Help develop an on-line web-based distance learning course

Spatial Planning1. Background material:

1. PDF/HTML documents, 2. Land use change model, MC DSS (the good city)

2. Structured interactive lectures, integrated assignments, exercises

3. On-line multiple-choice tests

© K.Fedra 201227

Secondary agenda II:Secondary agenda II:

Help develop and test an on-line web-based Land Use Change model LUC:

define scenarios, explore, interpretsuggest changes, improvements

Help develop and test an on-line web-based Land Use Change model LUC:

define scenarios, explore, interpretsuggest changes, improvements

© K.Fedra 201228

Seminar style:Seminar style:Seminar style:Seminar style:1. Lectures: introduce a “topic”, raise some

questions, pose challenges:1. In the current block2. On-line, eLearning, follow the suggestions

2. Ask/develop a set of questions, derived from the “lecture units” and on-line background material

3. Select mini-assignments (research tasks)

4. Experiment with the Land Use Change Model5. Discuss the answers (discussion board)

6. Ask more questions7. Have fun.

1. Lectures: introduce a “topic”, raise some questions, pose challenges:

1. In the current block2. On-line, eLearning, follow the suggestions

2. Ask/develop a set of questions, derived from the “lecture units” and on-line background material

3. Select mini-assignments (research tasks)

4. Experiment with the Land Use Change Model5. Discuss the answers (discussion board)

6. Ask more questions7. Have fun.

© K.Fedra 201229

Seminar style:Seminar style:Seminar style:Seminar style:

Ask/develop a set of questions

A well posed question contains the seed of the answer, implies the procedure towards a “solution”.

Ask/develop a set of questions

A well posed question contains the seed of the answer, implies the procedure towards a “solution”.

© K.Fedra 201230

well posed questionwell posed question ::well posed questionwell posed question ::

• Well structured: clear, without ambiguity, contradiction

• All terms defined, measurable ?• Method to find the answer is at

least feasible (part of the question)• Nature of the answer defined,

quantitative or comparative• Instructive (answer leads to more

good questions)

• Well structured: clear, without ambiguity, contradiction

• All terms defined, measurable ?• Method to find the answer is at

least feasible (part of the question)• Nature of the answer defined,

quantitative or comparative• Instructive (answer leads to more

good questions)

© K.Fedra 201231

Scientific method:Scientific method:Scientific method:Scientific method:Test hypotheses (ask the

question: is it TRUE or FALSE ?)

Implies the statements can be tested, are subject to logical inference or experimentation.

Neo-Positivism, falsificationism (Popper), constructivism.

Test hypotheses (ask the question: is it TRUE or FALSE ?)

Implies the statements can be tested, are subject to logical inference or experimentation.

Neo-Positivism, falsificationism (Popper), constructivism.

© K.Fedra 201232

Scientific method:Scientific method:Scientific method:Scientific method:Quantitative methods:

Measure what can be measured, make measurable what can not be measured.

Quantitative methods:


© K.Fedra 201233



AND: Numbers beat no numbers Galileo Galilei- any time. 1564 -

1642

Quantitative methods:Measure what can be measured, make measurable what can not be measured.

AND: Numbers beat no numbers Galileo Galilei- any time. 1564 -

1642

© K.Fedra 201234


if you can not model it, you have not yet understood it.

Quantitative methods:

if you can not model it, you have not yet understood it.

© K.Fedra 201235

assumptions, hypotheses, thesesassumptions, hypotheses, theses

• Space is important (we do need it: what for?)

• Space is limited = precious • Demands on space are conflicting (stress,

inequality, waste and pollution, resource use,…)

• Efficient use of space improves

the quality of life ?• Spatial problems are MAN MADE,

so they can be “solved” by man

• Space is important (we do need it: what for?)

• Space is limited = precious • Demands on space are conflicting (stress,

inequality, waste and pollution, resource use,…)

• Efficient use of space improves

the quality of life ?• Spatial problems are MAN MADE,

so they can be “solved” by man

© K.Fedra 201236

assumptions, hypotheses, thesesassumptions, hypotheses, theses

• Space is important(we do need it: what for?)

• Space is limited = precious

“Buy land, they don’t make it any more !”

Samuel Longhorn Clemens

• Space is important(we do need it: what for?)

• Space is limited = precious

“Buy land, they don’t make it any more !”

Samuel Longhorn Clemens

© K.Fedra 201237

Procedure:Procedure:Procedure:Procedure:• Select, elaborate a question (well

posed)• Compile answers• Submit (question and answer)

– by eMail, – post to discussion forum

• Tools: comment on “usability”

• Select, elaborate a question (well posed)

• Compile answers• Submit (question and answer)

– by eMail, – post to discussion forum

• Tools: comment on “usability”

© K.Fedra 201238

Topics for questions:Topics for questions:Topics for questions:Topics for questions:

visit the seminar home page:http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING/

~/topics.html

~/planning.html (definitions)

visit the seminar home page:http://www.ess.co.at/SPATIALPLANNING/

~/topics.html

~/planning.html (definitions)

© K.Fedra 201239

Topics for questions:Topics for questions:Topics for questions:Topics for questions:

• Planning objectives

• Planning instruments

• Quantitative tools, valuation

• Prediction of developments

• Impact assessment

• Modeling, scenario analysis

• Optimization, DSS

• Planning objectives

• Planning instruments

• Quantitative tools, valuation

• Prediction of developments

• Impact assessment

• Modeling, scenario analysis

• Optimization, DSS

© K.Fedra 201240

Topics for lecture units:Topics for lecture units:Topics for lecture units:Topics for lecture units:1. Introduction: concepts, aims, instruments2. Land use planning examples:

• FAO guidelines, South African White paper

3. Modelling basics4. Land use Change modelling:

• introduction, scenarios, resources

5. Environmental/Strategic Impact Assessment6. Simulation of impacts: air, noise7. Site suitability, NIMBY8. Sustainability, equity, efficiency

1. Introduction: concepts, aims, instruments2. Land use planning examples:

• FAO guidelines, South African White paper

3. Modelling basics4. Land use Change modelling:

• introduction, scenarios, resources

5. Environmental/Strategic Impact Assessment6. Simulation of impacts: air, noise7. Site suitability, NIMBY8. Sustainability, equity, efficiency

© K.Fedra 201241

Your turn:Your turn:Your turn:Your turn:Questions ? ASK !

Remember:

there are no stupid questions other than those unasked !

Questions ? ASK !

Remember:

there are no stupid questions other than those unasked !

© K.Fedra 2012 1 SPATIAL PLANNING 0.1 Overview, procedere what to do and how to do it Raumordnung,...

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