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![Page 1: If a cup of hot coffee and an ice cube were left on the table in this room what would happen to them? Why? The cup of coffee will cool until it reaches.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9e5503460f94a87d8a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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If a cup of hot coffee and an ice cube were left on the table in this room what would happen to them? Why?
The cup of coffee will cool until it reaches room temperature. The ice cube will melt and then the liquid will cool to room temperature.
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Heat always moves from a warmer place to a cooler place.
Hot objects in a cooler room will cool to room temperature.
Cold objects in a warmer room will heat up to room temperature.
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These are: Conduction Convection Radiation
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When you heat a metal strip at one end, the heat travels to the other end.
As you heat the metal, the particles vibrate, these vibrations make the adjacent particles vibrate, and so on and so on, the vibrations are passed along the metal and so is the heat. We call this? Conduction
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Conduction is the process of heat transfer through a medium or material without any movement of the medium or material
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Metal is a conductor, wood is an insulator. The metal conducts the heat away from your hands, the wood does not conduct the heat away from your hands as well as the metal, so the wood feels warmer than the metal.
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Some materials conduct heat more rapidly than others
Such materials are called thermal conductors
Most metals are good thermal conductors
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Times CD-rom
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Poor heat conductors are called insulators
They conduct heat much more slowly
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Examples :
wood, rubber, asbestos, plastic, glass, water and air
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Times CD-rom
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Which is the best conductor?
--> Brass
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MaterialThermal
conductivity (W/mk)
Brass 106
Iron 84
Water 0.56
Wood 0.13
Air 0.024
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Thermal conductors: We use metals to make cooking utensils so that the food inside cooks or heats up quickly.
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Boilers in a factory or power station have to rapidly convert heat to steam.
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Radiators have to conduct heat from a hot source before they can warm the air around them.
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Thermal insulators: Thermal insulators are good at keeping heat out AND keeping heat in.
Your winter scarf is a thermal insulator.
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It prevents the heat from your body from escaping into the cold air.
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Handles of cooking utensilsWalls of buildings
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Second method of heat transfer
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What happens to the particles in a liquid or a gas when you heat them?
The particles spread out and become less dense.
This effects fluid movement.What is a fluid?A liquid or gas.
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Cooler, more d____, fluids sink through w_____, less dense fluids.
In effect warmer liquids and gases r___ up.
Cooler liquids and gases s___.
ensearmer
ise
ink
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Hot water rises
Cooler water sinks
Convection current
Cools at the surface
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Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of currents in liquids or gases
Definition!
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As air is heated up on the road, it rises and cool air replaces the warm air. This sets up a convection current.
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![Page 26: If a cup of hot coffee and an ice cube were left on the table in this room what would happen to them? Why? The cup of coffee will cool until it reaches.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9e5503460f94a87d8a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Where is the freezer
compartment put in a fridge?
Freezer compartmen
t
It is put at the top, because cool air sinks, so it cools the food on the way down.
It is warmer at the
bottom, so this warmer
air rises and a
convection current is
set up.
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Explanation:A
B
C
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A
B
Explanation:
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Third method of heat transfer
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How does heat energy get from the Sun to the Earth?
There are no particles between the Sun and the Earth so it CANNOT travel by conduction or by convection.
?RADIATION
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Radiation travels in straight lines
True/False
Radiation can travel through a vacuum
True/False
Radiation requires particles to travel
True/False
Radiation travels at the speed of light
True/False
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Four containers were filled with warm water. Which container would have the warmest water after ten minutes?
Shiny metal
Dull metal
Dull black
Shiny black
The __________ container would be the warmest after ten minutes because its shiny surface reflects heat _______ back into the container so less is lost. The ________ container would be the coolest because it is the best at _______ heat radiation.
shiny metalradiation
dull blackemitting
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Four containers were placed equidistant from a heater. Which container would have the warmest water after ten minutes?
The __________ container would be the warmest after ten minutes because its surface absorbs heat _______ the best. The _________ container would be the coolest because it is the poorest at __________ heat radiation.
dull blackradiation
shiny metalabsorbing
Shiny metal
Dull metal
Dull black
Shiny black
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Radiation is the transfer of heat, in the form of waves, from one place to another without a medium.
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![Page 35: If a cup of hot coffee and an ice cube were left on the table in this room what would happen to them? Why? The cup of coffee will cool until it reaches.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9e5503460f94a87d8a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1. Nature of surface of body2. Total surface area of body3. Temperature difference
between the body and its surrounding
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1. Black, white or coloured
2. Rough, smooth or shiny
Which types of surfaces
make better radiators?
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Times CD-rom
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Increase in surface area, increases amount of heat
radiated per second
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The greater the temperature difference, the more heat is radiated per second
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How does heat from the Sun reach the Earth?
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Earth
Sun
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Sunlight is radiated through space to our planet in the absence of matter.
The sun transfers heat through millions of kilometres of space.
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White clothesHouses painted in light coloursBlack pipes on solar water
heaters
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43
Times CD-rom
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Styrofoam for food is whiteBox covered with lid
Brightly polished kettle keeps the liquid warm
44
Times CD-rom
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How does the design of the spacesuit help astronaut survive in outer space?
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Which features of these buildings help keep the heat out?
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Why are boilers placed beneath hot water tanks in people’s homes?
Hot water rises.
So when the boiler heats the water, and the hot water rises, the water tank is filled with hot water.
Why does hot air rise and cold air sink?
Cool air is more dense than warm air, so the cool air ‘falls through’ the warm air.
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Why are houses painted white in hot countries?
White reflects heat radiation and keeps the house cooler.
Why are shiny foil blankets wrapped around marathon runners at the end of a race?
The shiny metal reflects the heat radiation from the runner back in, this stops the runner getting cold.
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1. Which of the following is not a method of heat transfer?
A. Radiation
B. Insulation
C. Conduction
D. Convection
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2. In which of the following are the particles closest together?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Fluid
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3. How does heat energy reach the Earth from the Sun?
A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Insulation
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4. Which is the best surface for reflecting heat radiation?
A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black
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5. Which is the best surface for absorbing heat radiation?
A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black