Eubacteria & Archarbacteria. Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus Prokaryotes are identified...
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Transcript of Eubacteria & Archarbacteria. Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus Prokaryotes are identified...
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ProkaryotesEubacteria & Archarbacteria
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Prokaryotes Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus
Prokaryotes are identified by characteristics such as shape, the chemical nature of their cell walls, the way they move, and the way they obtain energy.
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Types of Prokaryotes There are two domains/kingdoms that contain
prokaryoteso Domain Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteriao Domain Archaea-Kingdom Archaebacteria
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Classification-Shape
Shapes: o Rod-shaped = bacillio Spherical = coccio Spiral/corkscrew = spirilla
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Classification- Cell Walls
Prokaryotes can be distinguished by the presence of absence of peptioglycan
Violet and red dyes are applied; violet stains peptidoglycan.
Alcohol is used to wash the sample, then the red dye is applied.
Gram-positive have thick walls that retain the violet stain.
Gram-negative lose the violet dye and appear reddish from the secondary stain. They have an extra lipid layer outside their thin cell wall.
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Classification-Movement
Some prokaryotes do not move; other move using flagella (whip-like tails), or cilia (tiny hairs).
Some move in snake-like motions, or secrete a slime to help them glide along.
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Classification-Obtaining Energy
Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs
Heterotrophs: must consume organic molecules
Autotrophs: use light energy or chemical energy to make their own food
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Classification-Growth & Reproduction
Binary Fission: DNA is copied, and the cell splits in half
Conjugation: A hollow bridge is formed between two cells and genetic material is exchanged
Spore Formation: If growth conditions are unfavorable, an endospore may form; a thick internal wall is made to enclose the DNA and some of the cytoplasm; may remain dormant for months or years; e.g. Anthrax
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Crossword!
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Review: Quiz #3
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Question #1 What are the eight levels of Linnaeus’s
Classification from least inclusive to most inclusive.
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Question #2 A koala bear’s scientific name is Phascolarctos
cinereus. What does the scientific name tell us about the classification of a Koala bear? (Levels)
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Question #3 Animals that create their own food using
photosynthesis or chemosynthesis are called____________?
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Question #4 An organism that is a prokaryote could be a
member of which kingdoms?
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Question #5 Name the following prokaryotes based on their
shape.
1 2 3
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Question #6 What are the 3 methods of reproduction that
prokaryotes can undergo?
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Question #7 Make a dichotomous key for the following set of
aliens.
A B C
D E F
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Question #8 An organism has a true nucleus, is an autotroph
and doesn’t have cellulose in their cell wall. What Domain and Kingdom would this organism belong to?