Imperialism

Imperialism

Domination of one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Causes

Economic interests Political and Military Humanitarian and Religious Goals Social Darwinism

Economic Interests

Overseas expansion Wanted natural

resources New markets of

consumers Place for growing

population

Political and Military

Needed bases to get supplies Nationalism National security Prestige

Humanitarian and Religious

Missionaries Doctors

Social Darwinism

Survival of the fittest for human societies

Racial superiority Improving human species

3 C’s

Commerce Christianity Civilization

Types of Rule

Direct rule Indirect rule Protectorate

Direct Rule

Send officials to rule Impose culture on colonies

Indirect Rule

Used local ruler Used military force if necessary

Protectorate

Local rulers European advisors

Africa in Early 1800s

Nearly 3 times the size of Europe

Hundreds of languages

Varied governments

Slave Trade

European nations outlawed transatlantic slave trade

Continued to Asia

David Livingstone

Explorer and missionary

Explored interior of Africa

Opposed slave trade

Henry Stanley

Explored interior of Africa

Explored Congo for King Leopold II

Cecil Rhodes

Supported imperialism in Africa

Helped Britain expand empire

Promoted separation of races

Berlin Conference

Held to avoid bloodshed

No Africans invited European power

couldn’t claim land unless it had government office there

France

Took large share of Africa

Colonies in West and Central Africa

Britain

Heavily populated regions with rich resources

West and East Africa Clashed with Boers

Boer War

1899-1902 In South Africa Guerrilla fighting British won

Resistance

Armed resistance Yaa Asantewaa

› Queen of Asante› Led fight against

British

Ethiopia

Menelik II› Modernized

Ethiopia Latest weapons and

European officers Battle of Adowa

› smashed Italian invaders

Preserved independence

African Elite

New class emerged Admired Western ways Clashed with traditions