© Copyright 2007-2010 Ontario Swimming Officials’ Association 1 THE STARTER March 2008.

© Copyright 2007-2010 Ontario Swimming Officials’ Association

1

THE STARTER

March 2008

2

© Copyright 2007-2010Ontario Swimming Officials’ Association

STARTER CLINIC

INTRODUCTION

3


Today

PracticeRole of the StarterBefore the Meet StartsThe StartGood HabitsAfter the MeetSituations for DiscussionQuestionnaire Review (answers)

4


PracticePractice Many people are initially nervous about starting –

it is recommended that the new starter begin at a club time trial and other low pressure meets. Starters are encouraged to try higher level meets as their confidence and enjoyment of the experience increases.

Practice, Practice, Practice

5


Recorder/Scorer

Meet the Officials

Electronics

Referee

Starter (SW 2.3)

Chief Timekeeper

AssistantChief Timer

{{{{{{

Timers

Timers

Timers

Timers

Timers

TimersFalse

Start

Rope

Backstroke

Flags

Backstroke

Flags

Turn Judges

Clerk ofCourse

MarshallingArea

Chief FinishJudge

Judge of Stroke

Judge of Stroke

7


Starter’s RoleThe starter position is critical in the running of a successful meet.The central point of the starter’s role is to ensure a fair start for all swimmers. (SW 2.3.3)The Starter and the Referee must work as an effective team to ensure that starts are fair and consistent throughout the session.To exercise your function as a Starter you: must have a good working knowledge of the rules must be consistent and exercise good judgment must earn the confidence of the referee and the

swimmers must respect the swimmers and enjoy the sport.

9


Before the Meet StartsBefore the day: Re-read the rules (SW 2.3: Starter and SW 4: The Start) and

check for any new or meet-specific changes Find out what type of starting equipment will be used

On the day of the meet: Arrive early – at least one hour before the start. Check the starting equipment and become familiar with the

pool layout. Have the electronics been set up and are operating? TEST all equipment. Are all loudspeakers, horns, and strobe lights working? Set and test the volume levels Is there a standby gun and ammunition available? If so

check the operation of the gun, ammunition supply, ear plugs.

10


Before the Meet StartsAre any races to be started from the turn

end of the pool? If so, the starting equipment should be moved

by the electronics people and tested.Or is there equipment set up at both ends?

Check the Starter’s Platform Is it in the correct position / location? Adjust to

suit your location.

11


Before the Meet Starts Briefing with the Referee … 1

The meet shall be run under FINA start rules.Check the meet package, what type of meet it is: Age Group, Masters, SWADBe aware of any duties the Referee may like you to perform besides being the Starter (e.g. sweeps, lap counting, turn judge)Process to handle problems or movement of equipment.Meet Flow: Discuss any time constraints and solutions Discuss with the Referee the starting protocol. (SW 2.1.5)

13



Establish the Procedure for Normal Starts Does the Referee want you to “advise swimmers” to

adjust their position in the water? (e.g. asking swimmers to stay in, or to leave the pool, when the races finish, etc.)

Will the Starter be announcing the event number and heats during the session?

Are there different Starters (and Referees) for male & female? Or only one Starter for all?

How have other sessions gone in regards to starting? Any DQs or other problems?

14



Establish Procedure for False StartsReferee and Starter to confer and agree on

any false starts before any disqualifications are made. Ensure rules are understood to ensure consistency. If the Referee and Starter cannot agree, the Referee will make a final decision (SW 2.3.3)

Note: DQ for “Delay of Meet” can be recommended by the starter but must be called by the Referee

16


Before the Meet StartsWatch Check

Find out who is the Chief Timer. Confirm when and where, and if, a watch check will occur?

Ensure that all Timekeepers can see the starting device. (gun or flash).

False Start RopeWho will operate it?How is it operated?

17


The Start … 1

Preparing for the start of the race.Remember: The Starter has the best

communication system with the swimmers At the commencement of each heat the

Referee shall signal the swimmers to the blocks. When the swimmers and officials are ready for the start, the Referee shall signal such with an outstretched arm. This indicates that the swimmers are now under the Starter’s control.

18


The Start … 2

The Starter shall have full control of the swimmers from the time the Referee turns the swimmers over to him/her until the race has commenced. (SW 2.3.1) The start in Freestyle, Breaststroke,

Butterfly and Individual Medley races shall be with a dive. (SW 4.1)

The start in Backstroke and Medley Relay races shall be from the water. (SW 4.2)

20


IPC SWAD Swimming Rules

IPC SM4.2.1 For swimmers with a visual impairment, on the long whistle from the Referee the swimmer shall be permitted to orientate himself prior to the starter’s command “take your marks”.

IPC SM4.2.2 The swimmer who has balance problems. (ie: standing stationary), may have assistance to balance himself on the starting platform ie. hold hips, hands, arms etc. by a volunteer only. The assistant may aid the swimmer to remain stationary at the start, however the assistance shall not give the swimmer unfair advantage, (ie. being held) and not exceeding 90 degrees vertical position on the blocks at the start. The ‘application for assistance’ form is required to be completed and submitted for approval from the Technical Delegate/Assistant Technical delegate and/or Technical Advisor.

IPC SM 4.2.3 A swimmer may be permitted to start beside the starting platform.

IPC SM 4.2.4 A swimmer with a lower limb disability may be permitted to take up a sitting position on the starting platform.

IPC SM 4.2.5 A swimmer may be permitted to start in the water but is required to have one hand in contact with the pool side until the starting signal is given. Standing in or on the gutter or on the bottom of the pool is prohibited.

21


IPC SWAD continued

IPC SM 4.2.6 A visually impaired swimmer due to a medical reason may start in the water. A medical certificate must be presented to the Technical Delegate prior to the commencement of the competition.

IPC SM 4.2.7 Where a swimmer is unable to grip the poolside, in a water start, the swimmer may be assisted by a support staff or supporting devise. The devise shall be cleared and deemed safe by the Technical Delegate/Assistant Technical Delegate and/or Technical Advisor. Giving momentum to the swimmer at the start is not permitted and shall result in a false start. The swimmer shall have part of the body in contact with the wall until the start signal

is given.IPC SM 4.2.8. Class S1, S2 and S3 swimmers are permitted to have their foot/feet held to the wall, until the starting signal is given Giving momentum to the swimmer at the start is not permitted and shall result in a false start.

22


IPC SWAD continued

IPC SM 4.2.9 To prevent abrasion, one layer of towel, or the like, may be placed on the starting platform. The article shall not dramatically increase the height of the starting platform.

IPC SM 4.2.10 In the case of a swimmer who is blind and deaf, the person tapping shall be permitted to convey the staring signal by use of a nonverbal instruction.

IPC SM 4.2.11 In the case of a swimmer who swims in the FCS and is deaf, the swimmer shall be permitted, when no starting light is available, to have conveyed the start signal by the use of a non-verbal instruction.

23


The Start - Backstroke

When all swimmers have surfaced, a second whistle indicates they should return to the wall. Even if all surface at the wall, the second whistle is still required for consistency. It is no longer a requirement to have the swimmers toes beneath the water line (SW 6.1) Except for SWAD swimmers whose toes must be below the surface of the water

24


IPC – SWAD Swimming RulesBackstroke

IPC SM6.1 Prior to the start signal, the swimmers shall line up in the water facing the start end, with both hands holding the starting grips. The feet, including the toes, shall be under the surface of the water. Standing in or on the gutter or bending toes over the gutter is prohibited.

IPC SM6.1.1 Swimmers unable to use the starting grips shall be permitted to use the end of the pool.

IPC SM6.1.2 Where a swimmer is unable to grip the poolside, in a water start, the swimmer may be assisted by a support staff or supporting devise. The devise shall be cleared and deemed safe by the Technical Delegate/Assistant Technical Delegate and/or Technical Advisor. Giving momentum to the swimmer at the start is not permitted and shall result in a false start. The swimmer shall have part of the body in contact with the wall until the start signal is given. (same as rule IPC SM 4.2.7)

IPC SM6.1.3 Class S!, S2 and S3 swimmers are permitted to have their foot/feet held to the wall, until the starting signal is given Giving momentum to the swimmer at the start is not permitted and shall result in a false start. (same as IPC SM 4.2.8)

26


The Start … 3Swimmers are turned over to the Starter by the Referee’s outstretched arm.Give the command ”Take Your Marks” in a slow, steady, non-military voice. A Starter must establish an even, consistent cadence with his/her starting commands. The Starter shall activate the starting device when all competitors are stationary and complying with the starting rules. Some swimmers will fidget until the referee turns the race

over to the starter; (this is okay). Swimmers may stand wherever they wish on the starting

platform and may take any starting position Some will roll backward after grabbing the blocks. A

momentary pause before rolling backward is permitted.

27


A Fair Start?The “rule of thumb” is “If the gun goes, the race goes”.

Any swimmer starting (moving forward) before the starting device may be disqualified – at the end of the race (SW 4.4)

Any DQ because of a “Delay of Meet” is at the discretion of the Referee

Any protests about the Start should be directed to the Referee

The Referee has the final decision on all DQs

28


Masters’ SwimmingSome competitors may have difficulty getting on the block, it is appropriate to allow a deck official or timer to assist them and stand beside them so they can steady themselves until the start is given. The starter may also say “Relax swimmers” instead of “Step down” in an aborted start in such situationsCanadian Masters allow one false start as long as it is not considered “deliberate” by the referee, then it is “delay of meet”

30


DQ ExceptionsFalse Start Exceptions (SW 2.3.3) : Loud noises or camera flashes from other parts of the

building could affect the start. If the Starter holds the swimmers for an unreasonable

amount of time while waiting for all swimmers to come down, causing a ragged and unfair start: THEN: The race should be recalled and another start attempted with no DQs assigned

If the starter errs and starts the race before all swimmers are stationary:

Recall the race and advise the Referee that it was your error. There can be NO disqualification in this situation

If the Starter calls back a race, then it is an “Officials Error” and no swimmer shall be disqualified

32


Good Habits

Record start time and missing swimmers on heat sheet for each race

If you are working an age group meet with many novice swimmers, be patient as they are just learning the start position

33


After the MeetEnsure that the equipment used is secured. Starter’s electronic equipment is shut down. Guns and shells are safely put away. False start rope secured. Clip board is returned to the official’s room.

Give the heat sheets for the session just worked to Meet Management, in case any questions arise later.Attend a debriefing with the Referee or Management Committee. Comment on both strengths and areas of improvement for the next session.Check the Official’s schedule for the next session that you work.

34


Discussion

How should a Starter handle the following?

35


Situation … 1

Following the command “Take your Marks”, the swimmers assume a starting position (stationary), and a swimmer begins to move forward before the starting signal :Signal not given –”Step Swimmers Down” ;

Referee has the option to DQ offending swimmer for “delay of meet”. Re-start

Signal given - Race continues and DQ after the race. (SW 4.4)

36


Masters’ Swimming

Masters’ swimmers are allowed one false start without disqualification

Should a swimmer take off early, try not to step them down. Use “Relax swimmers” As some of the more senior masters swimmers may have difficulty getting on and off the block

38


Situation … 2

If a swimmer does not respond to the command “Take your Marks” As a starter do not activate the starting signal. Instruct the swimmers to step down. Discuss with the Referee: Did the swimmer hear

the command, etc.? The Referee may disqualify the swimmer if it is agreed that the swimmer was at fault in not obeying the command.

If disqualified, the DQ’d swimmer’s lane shall remain empty. This would not be a false start but a “Delay of Meet” call, after which the race reverts to the referee. (SW 2.3.2)

40


Situation … 3

On starting the race, a swimmer topples from the block before the starting signal is given. The other swimmers are instructed to “step down” The race shall revert to the Referee The Referee & Starter discuss:

Did the swimmer slip because of a slippery block? If there is any doubt, the benefit of that doubt shall go to

the swimmer, and the swimmer shall NOT be DQ’d.

41


Situation … 4

The swimmers come down in a very uneven disorganized manner as they take their marks. Ask the swimmers to “step down”, but this is not a

false start. The race should revert to the Referee for another

start attempt.Discuss Handovers with the Referee Ragged starts are often caused by a referee

turning a race over to the starter before the swimmers are ready. In this situation the starter may wait until he/she feels a fair start can be achieved or instruct the swimmers to “step down”.

42


Situation … 5The swimmer in Lane 6 comes down “too slowly” to his mark and Lane 7 topples into the water. This is a subjective judgment call. There is nothing in the rules

regulating “how fast” a swimmer must take his mark. As long as a swimmer is moving in an attempt to take his mark after the starter’s command, he/she should not be called for an infraction

Did Lane 7 come down very quickly and could not hold his mark?

DQ Lane 7 Was there undue delay in obeying the start command by the

swimmer in Lane 6 – thus causing Lane 7 to False Start? Instruct the swimmers to “step down” and the Referee will decide if

Lane 6 should be DQ’d for “Delay of Meet”.

A starter always has the option to step the swimmers down without declaring a false start if he/she feels a fair start might be difficult to achieve.

43


Situation … 6

While taking the starting position, the swimmer in Lane 3 doesn’t come to a complete stop, but takes his mark and leaves the block in a continuous motion, as the starting signal is given. The race shall be recalled:

The Starter should have waited until all swimmers were stationary before activating the starting device. (SW 4.1 & SW 4.2)

An error by an official (activating the starting signal when swimmers were not stationary). A fault by an official after a fault by a swimmer expunges the fault by the swimmer.

The race reverts to the Referee with no disqualification.

45


Situation … 7

A swimmer leaps onto the blocks:A) After the Referee signals to the Starter

If possible “Step swimmers down” & return control to the Referee

B) After the Starter says “Take your Marks”Whenever possible “Step swimmers down” and

return control to the Referee If unable to prevent giving the Start and other

swimmers are not adversely affected then let it go and DQ late arrival at the conclusion of the race.

46


Starter QuestionnaireReview

47


QUESTIONNAIRE

1. The FINA Start includes:a. One start

b. Two start

c. A choice of one or two starts

48


QUESTIONNAIRE

2. The FINA Start shall be used for:

a. All Canadian meets.

b. All International meets.

c. All Regional competitions including club, dual, invitational and championship meets..

49


QUESTIONNAIRE

3. In SNC sanctioned meets, the starting signal shall be:

a. A pistol shotb. A loud abrupt sound of an electronically activated

horn.c. A short whistle blast.

50


QUESTIONNAIRE4. Some responsibilities of the Starter are to:

a. Ensure that each race is started fairly.b. Discuss signals between Referee and Starter.c. Disqualify swimmers who use illegal stroke techniques.d. Announce swimmers before each race.e. Call the swimmers to attention before the race using a whistle.f. Ensure the Timekeepers are ready before starting the race.g. Start the race as soon as all the swimmers have taken their

mark and are motionless.h. Disqualify swimmers for delaying the progress of the meet. i. Ensure the false start recall rope is dropped when necessary.j.j. Perform other duties as assigned by the Referee.Perform other duties as assigned by the Referee.k.k. Report to the Referee any swimmer for delaying the start, Report to the Referee any swimmer for delaying the start,

willfully disobeying an order, or any other misconduct taking willfully disobeying an order, or any other misconduct taking place at the start.place at the start.

51


QUESTIONNAIRE5. The Starter shall have control of the

swimmers from the time:a. The Referee turns the race over to him/her.b. The Referee checks that the Judges are ready.c. The swimmers take their positions of readiness at

the front of the blocks.d. The Referee blows the long, loud whistle.e. The Referee gestures to the starter with a

stretched out arm in the direction of the course.

52


QUESTIONNAIRE

6. The Referee may not interfere once the Starter has control of the swimmers:a. Correct

b. Incorrect

53


QUESTIONNAIRE

7. At the start the Starter shall:

a. Hold the pistol at chest height.

b. Hold the pistol motionless at arm’s length, in clear view of the Timekeepers.

c. Ensure that the strobe light is in clear view of the Timekeepers.

d. Ensure that all Timekeepers can see the flash of the pistol.

e. Disqualify a swimmer for delay of meet.

54


QUESTIONNAIRE

8. The preparatory command that immediately precedes the starting signal shall be:a. “Ready”b. “Get set”c. “A vos marques”d. “To your marks”e.e. ““Take your marks”Take your marks”f. “On your marks”

55


QUESTIONNAIRE9.In the event of the malfunction of the

starting device OR pistol the Starter shall:a. Leave the swimmers poised and attempt to repair

the malfunction

b.b. Direct the swimmers to “step down” or “relax” and Direct the swimmers to “step down” or “relax” and announce that it is not a false start.announce that it is not a false start.

c. Call a false start and proceed immediately with another attempt.

d. Leave the swimmers poised and reload the pistol.

e.e. In the best interest of the swimmers, ask them to In the best interest of the swimmers, ask them to step down until the malfunction is corrected.step down until the malfunction is corrected.

56


QUESTIONNAIRE10. During the start, the Referee or Starter may:

a. Elect at any time to recall the race and restart it if a fair start has not been achieved.

b. Direct swimmers to “step down or “relax” and then re-attempt to start the race without assigning a false start or a disqualification.

c. Not recall the race, even if they believe a fair start has not been achieved.

d. Disqualify a swimmer who false starts, by directing the swimmers to “step down” or “relax” even though the starting signal has not been given.

e. Disqualify at the end of the race, any swimmer who leaves his/her mark early (jumping the gun).

f. Prior to the starting signal, disqualify any number of swimmers until a fair start has been achieved.

g. Not agree on a false start.

57


11. Whenever swimmers have been asked to step down and relax due to any action or lack of action on the part of the swimmer(s), the control of the race reverts to the Referee.

a. Correct

b. Incorrect

QUESTIONNAIRE

58


QUESTIONNAIRE

12. A “False Start” occurs when:a.a. A swimmer starts before the starting signal has A swimmer starts before the starting signal has

been given.been given.

b. The starting signal misfires.

c. There is an official’s error.

59


QUESTIONNAIRE

13. Authority to call a “False Start” lies with:a.a. The RefereeThe Referee

b. The Chief Timekeeper

c. The Stroke Judge and Turn Inspector

d.d. The StarterThe Starter

60


QUESTIONNAIRE

14. The swimmers are in the water for the start of the:a. 200 m Individual Medley

b. 400 Freestyle

c.c. 400 m Medley Relay400 m Medley Relay

d.d. 200 m Backstroke200 m Backstroke

61


QUESTIONAIRE15. For Backstroke events, the swimmer:

a. Must be in the water facing down the course.

b.b. Must be in the water facing the starting end.Must be in the water facing the starting end.

c.c. Shall hold the wall or starting grip(s) with both Shall hold the wall or starting grip(s) with both hands.hands.

d.d. Must have both feet in contact with the end of the Must have both feet in contact with the end of the wall.wall.

e.e. Must have toes below the water line.Must have toes below the water line.

f. May have the toes grip the gutters.

g. Must have the feet level on the wall.

h.h. Shall immediately enter the water and assume the Shall immediately enter the water and assume the starting position without undue delay.starting position without undue delay.

62


c

QUESTIONNAIRE16. For events requiring a dive start, the swimmers:

a. Shall stand behind the blocks until the Referee’s whistle is sounded.

b. Shall step onto the starting platform with both feet the same distance from the front and remain stationary.

c. On the command, “take your marks”, shall take their position with at least one foot at the front of the starting blocks.

d. May use a track start

e. May when using the track start, adjust the back foot position.

f. May start from the pool deck when circumstances warrant

g. Shall keep their heels in contact with the starting block while awaiting the start signal, after the preparatory command has been given.

h. Are permitted to grasp the starting block with their hands while awaiting the starting signal.

i. Must have both feet at the front of the block.

j. Shall step onto the starting platform and remain there.

63


QUESTIONNAIRE17. The following statements about the

Start are true:a. The Starter may disqualify a swimmer for a false

start before the start occurs.

b. The Starter may disqualify a swimmer for a false start after the start occurs.

c. A disqualification which occurs after a successful start has been achieved is charged to the swimmer at the end of the race.

d. Swimmers may be directed to “step down” or “relax” prior to a successful start without a false start or disqualification being assigned.

64


Useful Internet Sites

www.swimontario.com

www.swimming.ca

www.fina.org

www.mastersswimmingontario.ca

65


Thank you.

Approved by the Ontario Swimming Officials’ Board

© Copyright 2007-2010 Ontario Swimming Officials’ Association 1 THE STARTER March 2008.

Documents

Transcript of © Copyright 2007-2010 Ontario Swimming Officials’ Association 1 THE STARTER March 2008.