> filemoebTa CaTvliT. anTropologia aris centri, romel-Sic, rogorc fokusSi, Tavs iyris codnis yvela...

`...es qarTveli kaci cxovrobda Cvens Soris, afxazTa Soris,

magram arsebiTad arcerTi CvenTagani ar icnobda, jerovnad veravin

daafasa misi Sroma. da roca am dauRalav da asakmoyril adamians

avadmyofobam daria xeli, igi veravin SeamCnia, arc aravin daxmare-

bia, Tumca daxmareba arc Tavad uTxovia... avadmyofobiTa da Sim-

SiliT gadaqanculma sicocxle TviTmkvlelobiT daasrula... Cven,

afxazebma, dRemde ver viswavleT moyvasis pativiscema... rodisRa

movegebiT gons, rodisRa gamoviRviZebT? rodis SegveZleba, davafa-

soT Rvawli iseTi adamianisa, rogoric petre Waraiaa?~

dimitri gulia. p. Waraias TviTmkvlelobis gamo.

gazeTi `afsni~, #38, 1919 weli.

<< 150 >>

kavkasiuri etiudebi *1

petre giorgiZe (Waraia)

afxazeTi

da

afxazni

(saeTnografio aRwera)

Tbilisi

2011

КАВКАЗСКИЕ ЭТЮДЫ *1

ПЕТРЕ ГИОРГИДЗЕ (ЧАРАИА)

АБХАЗИЯ

И

АБХАЗЫ

(Этнографическое описание)

Тбилиси2011

5

redaqtorebisagan

1919 wlis 2 dekembers Tavis arcTu ise xangrZliv

sicocxles TviTmkvlelobiT ganeSora `TviTnabadi

lingvisti~ (n. mari), TvalsaCino pedagogi, mxareTmcodne

da sazogado moRvawe _ petre Waraia. ar viciT, misi sa-

flavi mSobliur sofelSi kvlavac Tu miikvleva, magram

erTi ramis Tqma danamdvilebiT SegviZlia: eTnikuri war-

momavlobisa da qarTul-afxazuri garTulebuli urT-

ierTobebis miuxedavad, Rirseuli afxazebi saTanado

pativs miageben afxazuri enis, yofisa da kulturis mkv-

levarsa da damfasebels, romlis imJamad gaxmaurebul-

ma naSromma _ `Об отношении абхазского языка к яфетическим. С-П. 1912~ _ afxazuri enis Seswavlis interesi araerT

mecniers, maT Soris TviT niko mars, gauRviva.

petre giorgis Ze Waraia daibada 1861 wlis 12 (24)

ivniss, oCamCiris raionis sof. eSqiTSi, sadac misi

mSoblebi zugdidis raionis sof. Waqvinjidan gadmosax-

lebulan. 1877 wels man martvilis sasuliero saswavle-

blis sruli kursi gaiara da swavla Tbilisis sasuliero

seminariaSi ganagrZo, magram, mSoblebis gardacvalebis

gamo usaxsrod darCenili, iZulebuli gaxda swavla See-

wyvita da mSobliur kuTxes dabruneboda. 1883 wlidan p.

Waraia pedagogiur moRvaweobas Seudga; iyo ra qarTu-

li enisa da literaturis maswavlebeli, man am kuTxeSi

moRvawe TanamoazreebTan (anTimoz juReli, ivane gegia,

Tedo saxokia, niko janaSia da sxv.) erTad miznad daisaxa

qarTuli enis Tavis uflebebSi aRdgena, ris gamoc p.

Waraiasa da misi megobrebis saqmianobas rusma moxeleeb-

ma `qarTuli partiis~ antisaxelmwifoebrivi saqmianoba

uwodes da maTi sajaro gasamarTlebac ki moawyves. 1908

kavkasiuri etiudebi *1

КАВКАЗСКИЕ ЭТЮДЫ *1

gamocemis redaqtorebi

nugzar anTelava

Teimuraz gvancelaZe

6 7

briobis Sesaxeb saerTo mecnierebis aRmniSneli termini

_ anTropologia _ Seicavs. `yvelaferi, rac naTels

hfens kacobriobas, _ ambobda broka, _ Sedis anTropo-

logiaSi: veluri xalxebi da civilizebuli erebi, maTi

warsuli da momavali, anatomia, adamianis fizikuri

aRnagoba, geografiuli gavrceleba, misi avadmyofo-

bis, miswrafebebisa da mxatvruli Semoqmedebis nawar-

moebTa CaTvliT. anTropologia aris centri, romel-

Sic, rogorc fokusSi, Tavs iyris codnis yvela dargis

miRwevebi~. ase esmodaT es mecniereba mis pirvel fuZem-

deblebs, _ vaics, tailors, bastians, herl¡ands da sx-

vebs. rogorc Cans, ase esmoda igi p. Waraiasac, romelic,

evropuli enebis codnis wyalobiT, Rrmad iyo daufle-

buli mecnierebis Teoriul miRwevebs. amitomac aris,

rom mas Tanabrad ainteresebs afxazi xalxis yofisa

da kulturis rogorc saerTo sakiTxebi, ise maTi an-

Tropologiuri da zneobrivi tipi, xasiaTi, gancdebi

da miswrafebebi, maTi ena da miTopoeturi Semoqmedeba.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom calkeuli etiudebisgan Semdgari

p. Waraias narkvevi _ àfxazeTi da afxazni~ _ pirveli

cdaa, zemoxsenebuli midgomiT mimoixilos afxazi xalx-

is eTnikuri kulturis sakiTxebi. aRniSnuli naSromi,

petre giorgiZis fsevdonimiT, 1888 wels gamoqveynda

gazeT ìveriis~ 12 nomerSi (##165, 167, 169, 173, 175, 176,

179, 180, 183, 184, 185, 186) da imTaviTve mkiTxvelTa didi

yuradReba miipyro.2

mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT, p. Waraias dabadebi-

dan 150-e wlisTavze calke wignad gamogveqveynebia, aw

ukve bibliografiul iSviaTobad qceuli, misi naSromi,

romelsac samecniero Rirebuleba dRemde ar daukar-

gavs.

2 unda iTqvas, rom p.Waraias es naSromi rusulad Targmna da Tavisi

saxeliT gamosca cnobilma qarTvelma mkvlevarma mose janaSvilma

(ix. `Абхазия и абхазцы. Этнографический очерк М.Джанашвили. – «Записки Кавказского отдела Императорского Русского географического общества». Т. XVI, Тф., 1894), ris gamoc gulnatkenma p. Waraiam 1895 w. gamoaqveyna wer-

ili _ `mcire bibliografiuli SeniSvna~ (ix. `kvali~ #16).

wlidan ki p. Waraias, rogorc ùdiplomo~ pedagogs, mas-

wavlebloba aukrZales, riTac Tavis rCenis erTaderTi

saSualebac mouspes.1

* * *

XIX-XX ss. mijnaze mecnieri eTnografebi da

lingvistebi, romelTa mizans kavkasiis xalxTa, maT So-

ris afxazTa, yofa-cxovrebis, msoflmxedvelobrivi mr-

wamsisa da metyvelebis TaviseburebaTa Seswavla Sead-

genda, saTanado analizisa da daskvnebisaTvis metad

mwir masalas flobdnen. antikuri epoqis, adreuli da

gviani Suasaukuneebis avtorTa calkeuli cnobebi, rusi

da dasavleTevropeli mogzaurebis, diplomatiuri agen-

tebisa Tu kaTolike misionerebis Canawerebi, marTalia,

mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavdnen, magram aRniSnuli

xalxebis enis, yofisa da kulturis istoriul WrilSi

metnaklebad sruli mimoxilvis saSualebas ar iZleod-

nen. amitom mkvlevarTaTvis imTaviTve aucilebeli gaxda

eTno-lingvistur velze uSualo dakvirvebis warmoeba

da Sekrebili masalebisa da literaturuli monace-

mebis Sejereba. aseT mkvlevarTa rigs ganekuTvneboda

petre Waraia, romlis mecnieruli individualoba misi

Tanadrouli eTnologiuri da lingvisturi mecnierebe-

bis Teoriul miRwevebs efuZneboda. p. WaraiasaTvis eT-

nografia iyo aramarto somaturi anTropologiis, sa-

kuTriv eTnografiisa da arqeologiis _ am sami erTiani

mecnierebis _ integraluri nawili, aramed biologiur

da humanitarul mecnierebaTa sinTezi. eTnografiis

aseT gagebas, mecnierebis am dargis Camoyalibebis pe-

riodidan (X1X s. 50-iani wlebidan) moyolebuli, kaco-

1 p. Waraias biografiis, pedagogiuri, samecniero da sazogadoebrivi

moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ix.: s. caiSvili. petre Waraia (monografia). soxu-

mi, 1953.

8 9

celebasa da qadagebas afxazTa Soris da amas zed da-

vurTavT egreT wodebuli civilizaciisa da sazogadod

ganaTlebis zemoqmedebasa da gavlenas, advilad mivx-

vdebiT, rom afxazeTSi, Tu dRes ara, xval bevrs veRaras

vnaxavT imisas, rac odesme gvinaxavs. amitom bevri ram,

rac Cven aRvwereT, TvaliT ar gvinaxavs, aqa-iq vZebneT,

movaTxrobineT, SevkribeT.

am siZnelis garda, aris sxvagvari siZnelec: erTi wili

eTnografiuli masala Seiswavleba pirdapir TavisTavad

da SeiZineba cxovrebis ubralo, ase vTqvaT, zedapir-

uli dakvirvebiT, sxva ki Semkreb-gamomkvlevelisagan

sakmao Sromasa da ukeTes Segnebas moiTxovs. es imitom,

rom is eTnografiuli movlenebi, romlebic Cven aq mxed-

velobaSi gvaqvs, wminda saqmed miaCniaT, dafarulia da ar

amJRavneben. magaliTad, bevri religiuri wesebi da cer-

emoniebi daculi aqvT `wmindaTa wmindad~. maTi naxva da

Setyoba Znelia gareSe kacisaTvis. am SemTxvevaSi saWiro

iyo sxvagvarad gvemoqmedna, sxvagvari xerxi gvexmara,

ostatoba da, Tu gnebavT, eSmakobac gamogveCina.

Cven darwmunebuli viyaviT, rom lingvistika Zlier

exmareba eTnografiasa da xSirad erTi sityvis axsna da

garCeva ufro naTels hfens da xsnis raime eTnografiul

movlenas, vinem grZeli aRwera am movlenisa. xolo iq,

sadac romelime faqti gadavardnila da daviwyebula

da marto sityvaRa darCenila enaSi, amgvar SemTxvevaSi

aseTi sityvis ganxilva da garCeva aucileblad saWiroa.

amitom am sagnisaTvisac ar agviqcevia gverdi.

am werilebis Sedgenis dros Cven xelT ara gvqonia

arc erTi wigni, dawerili afxazTa Sesaxeb. Cveni erTad-

erTi wigni iyo TviT namdvili cxovreba am xalxisa.

iqneb, ganaTlebul mkiTxvels bevri ram wvrilmanad

da umniSvnelod eCvenos, magram nu dagvaviwydeba, rom is,

rac Cven wvrilmanad, umniSvnelod migviCnevia, xSirad

didi Rirsebisa da mniSvnelobis garemoeba aRmoCenila.

winasityvaoba

Cvens dros, rodesac codnam kacisam aseTi didi na-

biji gadadga win da sxvadasxva Sto mecnierebisa izrde-

ba dRe yovel, Jamsa yovelsa ixeTqs axalaxal ylortebs,

ai, am dros cnobismoyvare, xalisiani kaci did gasaWirSia:

ar icis, romel erTs codnas, romel erTs Stos, ylorts

mecnierebisas miaqcios umetesi yuradReba, meti guli-

syuri, romeli erTi airCios da iswavlos zedmiwevniT.

sxvadasxvagvar codnasa da mecnierebaTa Soris na-

klebi yuradRebis Rirsi ar aris is rTuli mecniereba,

romelic kacs Tavis Tavs gaacnobs, Tavis Tavs aswavlis:

dRevandel yofas Tvalwin dauyenebs, warsul cxovre-

baSi Caaxedebs, Seatyobinebs, ra xorcisa da sulisaa, ra

ena aqvs, an ra zne da Cveuleba kerZod erTs, Tu yvela mis

naTesavTa krebuls. am rTuli mecnierebis nawilia, sx-

vaTaSoris, zogadi an kerZo eTnografia.

Cven gvsurs, ramdenadac SeviZlebT, aRvweroT

namdvilad da WeSmaritad afxazeTis cxovreba; es ad-

vili ar aris. afxazeTis geografiuli mdebareobis

gamo, afxazTa tomis cxovreba dRes is aRar aris, rac am

aTiode wlis winaT iyo. sxva rom ara movixsenioT ra, uka-

naskneli omianobis dros erTi wili afxazTa iZulebuli

gaxda osmaleTSi gardaxvewiliyo, saidanac naxevrad

aRar dabrunebula; zogierTni aqeT-iqiT gaixiznen da

gadasaxldnen. yovelive amis gamo afxazTa eri imdenad

Semcirda, rom dRes imis meoTxedic ar aris, rac odesme

iyo. raki ase datrialda bedi afxazTa, raki xalxi ase

Semcirda, aqeT-iqiT gaifanta, wavid-wamovida, zogi vis

Seexizna da zogic vis, zne-Cveuleba, sarwmunoeba da

yovelive wesi da adaTi TandaTan SeecvalaT, gadausx-

vaferdaT, gauqraT da daekargaT. Tu miviRebT agreTve

mxedvelobaSi dRevandeli samRvdeloebis Tavgamod-

ebul moqmedebas da maT mier qristes moZRvrebis gavr-

10 11

Zveli droidanve afxazs gavardnili aqvs uSiSari

da gambedavi avazakis saxeli. afxazebis mudam eSinodaT

mezoblebs, radgan mudam Tavs esxmodnen, sZarcvavdnen

da arbevdnen. Zarcva da Tavdasxma, rogorc afxazTa, ise

yvela mTielis Tvisebaa. `Zarcva da Tavdasxma rom ar yo-

filiyovo, _ ambobs erTi mwerali3, _ mTieli sicocx-

les sicocxled ar CaTvlida. es aris misi poezia, lazaTi

misi arsebobisa. marto vefxvs Tu SeuZlia mTielze ukeT

mieparos mZinare sofels bnelsa da qariSxlian RameSi,

rodesac kaci Tavs ver gamohyofs Tavisi saxlidan. am

dros ar daiCxarunebs mTielis xmali, romelic tyavis

qarqaSSia, ar daiwyebs prials maJari, romelic gax-

veuli aqvs Sav bewvian budeSi, bragi-brugs ar auyenebs

misi qalamani, lbili da moqnili katis TaTiviT, ar dai-

Wixvinebs misi cxeni, daxelovnebuli da gavarjiSebuli

Rame siarulSi. TviT mTielis ena, romelSic naklebad

aris xmovani bgerebi, ar gaamxels da ar gascems imitom,

rom misi laparaki Srialsa hgavs, vidre laparaks. marto

vefxvs SeuZlian ise swrafad, uceb da Tavdauzogavad

daeces kacs Tavs, rogorc mTieli esxmis. dasisxlianeb-

uli TvalebiT, xmliT da dambaCiT xelSi, saSineli yi-

JiniT, romelic SiSis zarsa scems adamians, Caereva xol-

me mTieli brZolaSi da im dros gamarjvebis meti sxva

aRara axsovs ra~.

aseTi iyo afxazica da is mTielnic, romelnic gars

ertynen afxazs, magram afxazs aravis win ar moudrekia

Tavi da aravisTvis ar Seuqcevia zurgi Zvelad.

qurdoba afxazs exlac vaJkacobad miaCnia da ise-

Tive saWiroebaa misTvis, rogorc sasmel-saWmeli. yve-

las, moxucebulidan pataramdis, qalidan kacamdis, es

seni Zvalsa da rbilSi aqvs gamjdari da maRal wodebas

xom profesiad gadauqcevia. dro da garemoeba icvleba,

Taoba Taobas mosdevs, magram qurdoba isev erTsa da im-

ave doneze dgas afxazeTSi.

3 kavkasia _ broSura sergei meCisa.

rac unda wvrilmani ram iyos xalxis cxovrebaSi, misi

Seswavla mainc Cveni movaleobaa. nu daviviwyebT, rom

TviT Cveni exlandeli ganaTleba, romliTac ase Tavi

mogvaqvs, RviZli asulia barbarosuli zne-Cveulebisa,

wesebisa da sarwmunoebisa.

afxazi. _ xasiaTi afxazisa. _ Zarcva, Tavdasxma

da qurdoba. _ mWevrmetyveloba. _ sisxlis

Ziebis saqme. _ samSoblos siyvaruli, _

stumarTmoyvareoba, darbaisloba da salami. _

formalistoba, namusi da sargebloba. _ saero

TamaSobani da saxalxo poezia

Sav zRvas, kavkasionis qedsa da samurzayanos Sua

mdebareobs erTi viwro, ardonis mdinaremde grZlad

gadaWimuli, patara, magram mSvenieri, turfad Semkuli

da mdidari qveyana. es qveyana afxazeTia da dasaxlebuli

iyo da aris afxazTa tomis xalxiT, Tumca exla es adg-

ilebi naxevrad carielia.

afxazi SuaTana tanisaa, gamxdar-gamxdari, Savgvre-

mani, SavTmawarba da SavTvala. TvalTa metyveleba cota

veluri da naRvliani aqvs.

niWiTa da silamaziT sakmaod mdidaria bunebiTad,

magram afxazis xasiaTSi bevr saukeTeso da patiosan

Tvisebas sulisas da gulisas naxavT saZagels da saziz-

Rar biwierebasTan erTad moTavsebuls.

afxazi daudgromelia, cqviti, swrafi, ficxi, medi-

duri xasiaTisa da Tavmomwone. mciredi ram imisTana,

rac upatiurobad miaCnia, sakmarisia, aanTos misi bune-

ba, uamisodac ficxi da mxurvale. igi axovani, gambedavi,

uSiSari da qurcikiviT mardi vaJkacia.

12 13

xolme, saqme raSic aris. xolo ymawvili, roca wamoiz-

rdeba da gulisxmaSi Cavardeba, mSoblebi ukurTxeben

iaraRs, aZleven da arigeben: SeiZine, iSove rame qurdo-

ba-mtaceblobiT, rogorc Seni tol-amxanagni iqceviano.

maSasadame, qurdoba nakurTxia mSobelTa uflebis av-

toritetiTac.

mivaqcioT yuradReba erT sxva garemoebasac. bavSvs,

rogorc viciT, gagiJebiT uyvars yovelgvari axali am-

bebi da moTxrobani, imisTvis gasagebni. magram ra aris

bavSvisaTvis ufro gasagebi, Tu ar zRaprebi, legendebi

da sxva saxalxo Semoqmedobis nayofi? moxucni mouTxro-

ben amgvar ambebsa da zRaprebs zamTrobiT da imiT amok-

leben zamTris grZel Rameebs. patarebi, rasakvirvelia,

aRtacebiT yurs ugdeben, magram yovelive es TiTqmis

iseve mavnebelia maTi zneobisaTvis, rogorc sxva yove-

live, rasac afxazis bavSvi garSemo xedavs. mometebuli

nawili zRaprebisa da legendebisa Tavisi dedaazriTa

da SinaarsiT qurdoba-mtaceblobis garSemo trialebs

da aRwerilia Sig, anu qebiT aris moxsenebuli: simarde,

guladoba da mamacoba romelime yaCaRisa, anu ̀ abragisa~,

Semkobilia maTi moxerxeba qurdobaSi, Wkuamaxviloba

gaWirvebaSi, mamacoba tacebisa da Zarcva-glejis dros.

ai, amiTi aixsneba is samwuxaro movlena, romelsac

iseTi didi alagi uWiravs afxazTa cxovrebaSi, rom xSir-

ad SuaTanad ganaTlebuli afxaznic ki, Tavis qveyanaSi

dabrunebis Semdeg, kvlav qurdobas hkideben xels.

qurdobaSi afxazi daundobelia: dRisiT saukeTe-

so megobrebi sityviTac da saqmiTac RamiT erTmaneTs

hparaven sakuTrebas; Zmas Zmisa, mamas Svilisa da Svils

mamisa rom moeparos, es iSviaTi ambavi ar aris afxazeTSi.

TiTqmis andazad gamxdara is garemoeba, rom afxazs roca

sxvisi vera uSovnia ra mosaparavad, Tavisi sakuTre-

ba mouparavs. did xerxianobasa da gambedaobas iCens

am saqmeSi afxazi. xSiria Semdegi magaliTi: bnelsa da

anki ra aris aq gasakviri? kaci sazogadod da gansa-

kuTrebiT ymawvili rigian aRzrdas moklebulia, mom-

etebulad eqvemdebareba garemocul garemoebaTa zemo-

qmedebasa da gavlenas. ragvari zneobis magaliTebsac

xedavs, isic imas hbaZavs. mere ras hxedavs afxazi ymawvi-

lobaSi, rodesac suli jer kidev umanko da wmindaa?

afxazis bavSvi, wamoizrdeba Tu ara da daiwyebs Tavisu-

flad laparaks, mometebul dros dRisiT tyeSi da mind-

orze atarebs, sadac ukavia ra waldi, Tavis Tavze ufro

grZeltariani, mwyemsavs Txas an kameCebs. aq ara erTxel

xedavs, rom mela xerxiT da eSmakurad iparavs kravs an

cikans; SimSilisagan gaxelebuli mgeli mwyemsis cxvir-

win itacebs da miaqvs tyeSi cxvari an Txa; frTosanTa cx-

ovrebaSic hxedavs, rom sxvadasxva mtacebelni da Zli-

erni frinvelni daaTvaliereben sad ra saSovaria, da,

ixelTeben Tu ara marjve dros, daecemian frinvelebs

an patara cxovelebs da raki erTxel Caigdeben saSovars

klanWebSi, advilad aRaravis ar anebeben.

yvela es da amgvari bevri sxva magaliTebi, xSirad

sisxlis scenebi, romelsac ymawvili xandaxan yovel dRe

xedavs, rasakvirvelia, samudamod stovebs Tavisebur

kvals ymawvilis axalgazrda da norC xsovnaSi.

garda amisa, sofelsac rom Tavi davaneboT, im

sofels, sadac xan erTi hkargavs pirutyvs da xan meore

da gamarTulia amis gamo TiTqmis yoveldRe yiJini, bavS-

vi Tavis sakuTari ojaxis cxovrebidanac Cqara mixvdeba,

rom qurdoba ufrosTagan ara Tu dagmobilia, aramed

TviTonac TavmowonebiT misdeven. afxazis ojaxSi xSir-

ad cbieri da Wkviani diasaxlisi amoiRebs ualago ala-

gas Cagdebuli Wuridan naqurdali saqonlis xorcs da

xarSavs udroo dros metismeti gafrTxilebiT, rom ara-

vin ar SeniSnos. amgvarebs ufrosni, marTalia, umalaven

bavSvebs da, Tu ikiTxes rame, tyuilebs upasuxeben, ma-

gram cnobismoyvare ymawvilni adre Tu gvian mixvdebian

14 15

amas davumatoT isic, rom gatacebiT ambebis moyvare

da sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis mqone buneba afxazisa dili-

dan saRamomdis vera sZlebs Sin; afxazs ar SeuZlia ar ga-

vides sasofloze, sadac kaci kacs xvdeba axali ambavis

Sesatyobrad. erTi sityviT, Tu miviReT mxedvelobaSi,

rom afxazi xSirad mTel dReebs usaqmod ambebis krefa-

sa da ybedobaSi atarebs, Cven advilad mivxvdebiT, rom

igi mSvenieri molaparake unda iyos. marTalia, mis sity-

vas gadaWarbeba sWirs, samarTlianoba da gulwrfeloba

aklia azrs, magram sityva mainc mWevrmetyveluria. igi

yovelTvis suraTiTa da xelovnurad, mSvenieri Sedare-

biTa da metaforebiT laparakobs, moZraobasa da mimikas

niadag mimarTavs. rac unda mouxerxeblad ijdes mola-

parake, Tu unda gaCvenos, rom is, viszedac me vlapara-

kob, zeze wamoxtao, TiTonac maSinve zeze wamoxteba.

molaparake ki ar mouTxrobs xalxs ambavs, ufro war-

moadgens imis xasiaTs, mixvra-moxvras msmenelTa winaSe.

karg sityva-pasuxs da laparaks, anu `marjve ybas~ afxa-

zebi did pativsa sdeben da maTi azriT vaJkacobis Sem-

deg pirveli alagi uWiravs kacis cxovrebaSi.

Tumca am ̀ marjve ybas~ da misi SemweobiT gasamarTle-

bas da gamarTlebas iseTi didi mniSvneloba aqvs, magram

afxazma Tavis mtersa da Seuracxmyofels saqmiT erTio-

rad rom gadaaxdevinos da mougos, maSinac ar amouvard-

eba xvanji gulidan da urCevnia Tavadve pasuxi ugos

mters, Tanaxmad Zveli mcnebisa: `Tvali Tvalisa wil da

kbili kbilis wil~. xolo sisxlisZieba, Tu Cvens dros

srul Tavis ZalaSi ver aris, am bolo dromde xom erT

upirates Tvisebas Seadgenda afxazTa cxovrebaSi.

sisxlisZieba, rogorc viciT, is aris, rom moklulis

naTesavma mkvleli an misi axlo naTesavi unda moklas,

ukanasknelTa sisxls isev sisxliT pasuxi ugos, sisxli

gadaaxdevinos, aiRos. amgvarad, sisxlis Zieba gadadis

modgmidan modgmamde, magram amiT ̀ Zveli sisxli ar kvde-

qariSxlian RameSi amdgara afxazi, mouparavs mezoblis

cxeni, cxra mTas iqiT gadauyvania, iq sxva cxenze gad-

aucvlia, nacvali cxeni wamouyvania, miuval alagas tye-

Si daubams, Semdeg imave Rames Tavis loginSi Cawolila

da dilaadrianad, roca cxenis dakargvis gamo atexila

yiJina, imasac miurbenia sasofloze, wyevla-krulviT

mouxseniebia cxenis qurdi da qurdis kvals gamosdgomia

sxva mekvleTa Soris.

qurdobasTan afxazma didi uari da haSas kvrac

icis... rac unda aSkarad mouxdes qurdoba da SeniSnon

kidec moparvis dros, Tavis dReSi ar gamotydeba da-

naSaulSi. soflis msajulTa winaSe, romelnic soflis

xnierni da uxucesni arian, araiSviaTad, TviT bralm-

deblisa da braldebulis mokeTeni, warsdgeba xolme

aseTi haSaqari qurdi da ise xelovnurad awyobil da

akinZul sityvas warmosTqvams, rom gareSe kacs cxadze

ucxadesad eCveneba misi udanaSauloba. msajulebmac

kargad ician saqme raSia da ragvarad imarTlebs damna-

Save Tavs, magram ganaCens ayeneben imis mixedviT, Tu vin

rogori sityva warmosTqva. ase gamarTlebulze TviT

msajulnic gaiZaxian xolme: `marjve laparakiT, sityvis

ZaliT daixsna Tavio~. ara Tu didni, patarebic saocar

niWs iCenen xolme uaris Tqmasa da tyuilis mogonebaSi.

erTi viRac romaeli, romelsac zedmiwevniT Seswavli-

li hqonda da daxelovnebuli iyo sofizmebSi, dabrunda

romSi da Tavis Tanamemamuleebs arwmunebda, rom me si-

tyvas warmovsTqvam jer marTalze da Semdeg tyuilze

da orTave SemTxvevaSi Tanasworad davajereb msmenel-

ebsao. swored afxazi cdilobs ise momzadebuli iyos,

rom gaWirvebis dros simtyuneSiac Tavi ise imarTlos,

rogorc marTals saqmeSi. amitomac aris, rom afxazTaT-

vis did interess warmoadgens sasoflo yriloba da dava.

am yrilobas yvela kmayofilebiT eswreba. axalgazrdebi

aq swavloben afxazebis sofistikisa da ritorikis yvela

hangebsa da xrikebs.

16 17

bavSvebis fasi, vaJi iqneboda Tu qali, maT sidideze iyo

damokidebuli, e.i. simaRle bavSvebis mtkaveliT izome-

boda. exlac gaigonebs kaci afxazebSi aseTs sityvebs:

òTxi mtkavelis fasi cxeni, xuTi mtkavelis fasi cxeni~.

ufro 4, 5 da 6 `mtkaveli~ iyo xmarebaSi, eqvss mtkavelze

meti ar iyo miRebuli, radganac amgvari bavSvis gamoyen-

eba, marTlac, ufro saZnelo iqneboda.

zogierTi momCivanis gulis mosagebad ramdenime

kacis suls gadaswyvetdnen sisxlis fasad, ase 25-30,

magram `formalist~ afxazebs aqac mogonili hqondaT

xerxi ganaCenis simZimis Sesamsubuqeblad. òTx-oTxi,

xuT-xuTi da eqvs-eqvsi mtkavelebi~ gavaCineT 20: erTi

miveciT RaliZgas, meore moqvis wyals, mesame kodors da

sxvanio, _ CamosTvlidnen mozrdili wylebis saxelebs,

romlebsac sididiT SeuZliaT kaci daaxrCos. am wylebSi

odesme damxrCvalTac sisxlSi CauTvlidnen da sabo-

lood am saxiT sakmaod Semcirebul ricxvs `mtkavelebi-

sas~ miusjidnen braleuls gadasaxdelad... Tumca uka-

nasknel dromdec am mtkaveliT gazomili bavSvebiT

izRoda sisxli, magram sisxlis gadaxda SeiZleboda

saqonliTac da fuliTac. marTalia, yovel SemTxvevaSi

sisxli `mtkavelTa~ raodenobis kvalobaze miesajeboda

kacs, magram Semdeg, visac emarjveboda, saqonliTac da

fuliTac ixdida.

4 mtkaveli Rirda 30 Zroxa _ 30 man.



TviToeuls zednadebad emateboda kargi iaraRi da

tanisamosi... garda Zroxisa, wvrili oTxfexi saqoneli:

Txa, cxvari da futkaric misaRebi iyo sisxlis valis ga-

dasaxadSi. magram maTi fasis gasarkvevad iyo Zroxa da

Zroxis fasi. amitomaa, rom afxazisagan laparakSi dResac

xSirad gaigonebT: èrTi Zroxis fasi Txa~; `Zroxis fasi

cxvari~; `Zroxis fasi futkari~ da sxva.

ba, ar lpeba~. sisxlis Zieba RvTaebrivi da wminda mova-

leobaa adamianisa, imisi gadauxdeloba, uZiebloba kacs

saukunod sircxvileul hyofs dedamiwaze; mas didni da

patarani, qalni da kacni yovel SemTxvevaSi waayvedreben

aseT saqmes. Tu kacma ver iZia sisxli, TviT sisxli mainc

ver moiTmens darCes Suracxyofili: Tu gaWirda, TviTon

moiTxovs pasuxs, TviTon sisxlive TavisTavad iZiebs sa-

magiero sisxls.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mkvleli gadavardeboda

sadme Sors, maSin, rasakvirvelia, mis axlo naTesav-

ebze iyridnen javrs: mokvliT, datyvevebiT, saqonlis

warTmeviT, erTi sityviT, aoxreba-awiokebiT. erTi uka-

naskneli ymis mokvla sofelSi or sofels mosisxle

mtrebad xdida da erTmaneTs Seatakebda. amas mohyvebo-

da erTis an meoris iqiT-aqeT gadaxiznva, gadawva da sx-

vani, sanam saqme bolos morigebiT ar gaTavdeboda. sisx-

lisZiebis saqmeSi wodebriv ganrCevas didi mniSvneloba

hqonda. TavadiSvilis mier mokluli glexis monaTesav-

eni xels ver gamoiRebdnen mkvlelis an misi naTesavis

winaaRmdeg, radgan maTi sisxli `swori ar iyo~. sisxls

ixdidnen im TavadiSvilis moyme an gamzrdeli glexisa-

gan da am SemTxvevaSi mokluli glexis gazrdili azn-

auri exmareboda da moTavec iyo sisxlisZiebis saqmeSi.

eseve gansxvaveba daculi iyo maSinac, Tu daCagruli da

Seuracxyofili Tavis mopirispires megobrebTa, Suama-

valTa mecadineobis SemweobiT Tanxmdeboda morigebaze,

`sisxlis fasis~ aRebaze.

`sisxli~, anu `sisxlis fasi~ Tavadis, aznaurisa da

glexis erTi ar iyo. Tumca yovel SemTxvevaSi kacis ka-

cobas da mdgomareobas didi mniSvneloba hqonda, magram

mainc, magaliTad rom vTqvaT, glexis sisxli Rirda _

5 kacis suli da metic, aznaurisa _ 15-amdis, Tavadisa

_ 25-amdis. Tumca iSviaTad `sisxlis valSi~ moyveboda

mTeli jalabobac, magram ufro patarebiT ixdidnen vals.

18 19

xSirad asec moxdeboda xolme, rom, rodesac mosisx-

le mteri araviTari gziT ara hyabuldeboda morige-

bis Camogdebaze, farulad CamotacebiT mohyavdaT imis

Svili an romelime misi axlo naTesavi aRsazrdelad da

amiT Zalauneburad zavi myardeboda mosisxle mtrebs

Sua, radgan mokvla Svilis gamzrdelTa `ZuZu-mkerdis~

Seuracxyofa, gadalaxva da SebRalva iqneboda, rac va-

Jkacobas aRar SeSvenis.

yovel ers cotad Tu bevrad uyvars Tavisi samSob-

lo qveyana, magram aris iseTi xalxic dedamiwaze, rom-

lisaTvis sadac kargad ecxovrebaT, imisi baRdadic iq

aris. amas afxazze ver vityviT. afxazs gagiJebiT uyvars

Tavisi, marTlac, turfad Semkuli qveyana da poetTan

erTad Tamamad SeuZlia Tqvas:

àr gavcvli me Cems samSoblos

sxva qveynis samoTxezeda~.

afxazi òh Sir~-is amooxvriT brundeba Tavis

àfsnSi~4. samSoblos qeba da locva: àfsnze ukeTesi

alagi duniaze ar aris; RmerTo, afsns nu dahkargav~-o,

mudam enaze adgia, WirSiac da lxinSiac.

stumarTmoyvareoba, es uZvelesi drois TiTqmis yve-

la erTa qveli Tviseba, afxazis xasiaTsac amkobs. afx-

azs dResac es Cveuleba mtkiced aqvs daculi da didad

sasargeblo da wminda saqmed miaCnia. misi azriT, yovel

stumars Tan dahyveba: Svid-Svidi baraqa, romelTagan

erTi maspinZels rCeba, xolo stumars es daklebuli ba-

raqa isev TavisiT Seemateba. rac unda Raribi iyos, afx-

azi cdilobs stumars Sesaferi pativi sces. araTu yvela

Sin Semosuls ganurCevelad iwvevs da umaspinZldeba,

4 Tavis samSoblo qveyanas afxazebi uwodeben: afsn. sityva Sedgeba, Ce-

mis azriT, Semdeg sityvaTagan: afsua_afxazi da an_ deda; afsu an _

afsn_afxazis deda samSoblo, afxazeTi.

sisxlis fasis gadaxdaSi, rogorc sazogadod yvela

valSi, erTi garemoeba metad Semaviwroebeli iyo valis

patronisaTvis. es is garemoeba iyo, rom winaT afxazebSi

TviToeul Tvis Tavze sargebeli maneTze Sauri unda

gadaexada movales. fulad iqneboda gadasaxdeli Tu

saqonliT, sargebeli mainc didi iyo. Zroxa rom emarTe-

bodaT, sargeblad iwereboda yovelwliv misi xboc,

Tunda moego, Tunda ara; mere kidev zed ekeceboda am

gazrdili xbos moSenebulic; ase rom afxazi _ mimRebi

joxis Wrasa da TvlaSi iyo da sanam Tavni ar gaorkecde-

boda, manam xmas arcki iRebda. mxolod amis Semdeg saSin-

lad gamoekideboda movales. ai, am fulis Tvis Tavze

sargebels, romelic Tve da Tve dgeboda, da saqonlisas,

romelic wlisTavze ekeceboda Tavansa, afxazurad er-

qva sityva àmzeJ~.

igive kanoni moqmedebda sisxlis zRvevis saqmeSiac.

sisxlis vali, vadas gadacilebuli wlis Semdeg, oTxi

mtkaveli xuT mtkavelad CaeTvleboda, xuTi_eqvsad da

eqvsi _Svidad. magram, rogorc zeviTac iyo naTqvami,

radgan Svidmtkaveliani ymawvili ar iyo miRebuli, ami-

tom Svidmtkaveliani vali orad iyofoda da iniSneboda

ori oTxmtkavelianad. es garemoeba metad aZnelebda

sisxlis fasis gadaxdas. amitom SeuZleblobis gamo,

araiSviaTad mTeli jalabobac valSi mohyolia. magram

afxazebi SewevniTa da saCuqrebiT naqebni iyvnen da arian

da es Cveuleba Zalian exmareboda movales. sakmarisi iyo

eTqva afxazs sityva: `sisxli damedo~-o da ucbad moh-

krebda ramdensame aTeul da oceul xarsa da Zroxas...

raki am saxiT dauamdeboda guli mosisxle mters, cdi-

lobdnen mere imis daSoSmanebas sulierad da zneobriva-

dac. amisaTvis dahpatiJebdnen an TviTon mas an mis Svils

da àkbeninebdnen~ mkvlelis colis, an dedis ZuZuze, ix-

didnen gazrdilad, Svilobilad. am SemTxvevaSiac calke

saCuqars uZRvnidnen.

20 21

Cveulebrivi darbaisluri sityviT daajeros, rom dab-

rZandnen. Tu amgvari sityvis ZaliTac vera gaawyo ra da

ar dajda is, visac ar ekadreba fexze dgoma misi xelis

banis dros, maSin TviTonac dgeba da fexze mdgomare

ibans xels. agreTve saxlSi Sesvlis dros karebTan im-

arTeba Tavaza da patiJoba stumrebs Soris, anu stu-

marTa da maspinZelTa Soris, rom erTi meoreze win Se-

vides. cxenze Sejdomis dros ufross umcrosi uWers

abzindas, uzangs, pirveli ki exveweba nu swuxdebio. ori

cxenosani Seiyarnen, vTqvaT, Tu gind tyeSi. umcross

maTgans saTqmeli aqvs rame. ar SeiZleba cxenze ijdes

da ise uTxras, Camoxteba da daiwyebs laparaks. meorec,

Tu Sesaferad dainaxavs, cxenidan Camoxteba, an arada

etyvis, rad Seswuxdi, mjdariyavio. vTqvaT, orni midian

da erTi miuaxlovda Tavis saxls, meorem ar gadauxvia

Tavisi Tanamgzavris saxlSi, Tumca Txovna bevri daix-

arja. es meore Tavis Tanamgzavrs uceremoniod rodi

daanebebs Tavs da rodi Seva Sin; uTuod gahyveba, gaaci-

lebs da manam ar dabrundeba ukan, sanam Tavisi amxanagi

Cveulebrivi TxovniT ar Seawuxebs da asjer ar etyvis:

dabrundio, nuRar swuxdebio...

pativsacem kacTa krebaSi, Tu gasvla saWiro Seiqmna

gareT, rac xSirad moxdeba saxlis siviwroisa gamo, kaci

da ufro qali ise TvalTmaqcurad moaxerxebs gasvlas,

rom zurgi aravis ar Seaqcios.

ena afxazTa aSkarad mowmobs afxazebis zrdiloba-

Tavazianobas sityva-pasuxSiac. igi xSirad xmarobs si-

tyvebs: gTxov, rogorc ganaTlebul qveynebSi ician, Seni

Wirime, Seni Tavis Wirime, da sxvani. afxazebi, metadre

qalebi, amboben: `Sen Semogevlos Cemi Tavi~, `ra adgilze-

dac dgexar, im adgils Semovevle~, da marTlac, afxazi

qali didi xniT unaxavs an avadmyof gazrdils gars uvlis

samjer am sityvebiT: `Seni avi, Seni faTeraki me wameRos~

_ ucge mcuge seizgait5 [ucvgiamucvgia se izgaait].

5 afxazis rwmeniT, am garSemovlis dros namdvilad gadaedeba kacs

misi avi da faTeraki, rasac gars uvlis. amitom, Tu rames SecdomiT Sem-

ouara afxazma, maSinve ukan dabrundeba, avi ara wamomedos ra am garSe-

movlilis senisao.

aramed saxlis win Saragzaze gamvleli vinmec rom dain-

axos saRamo Jamze, maSinaTve mimarTavs: `bziala vahbeit~

[unda iyos: bziala vaabeit _ red.]* _ mSvidobiT gnaxeT,

keTilad gnaxeTo. es aris stumris misaRebi salami. amiT

aniSnebs, rom surs da mzad aris maspinZlad daxvdes da

pativi sces. Semdeg epatiJeba da Txoulobs: `gadmoux-

vieT, moisveneT; aw daRamda, sadRa waxvalT, Rame gaa-

TieT da dila adre gzas gaudeqiTo~. da Tu mgzavrma,

nacnobi iyos, Tunda ucnobi, marTla Seuxvia afxazis

saxlSi, darwmunebuli unda iyos, rom miiRebs Sesafer

pativiscemas... da Tu ar daTanxmda, maSin mgzavri miaZ-

axebs: `ubeixet~ [ubeiaxeit] _ gamdidrdi, gmadlobo,

da gaswevs Tavis gzaze. afxazTa Sorisac, rogorc sxva

mTielebSiac, stumari, mosisxle mteric rom iyos, xel-

Seuxebelia...

am stumarTmoyvareobasa da puradobasTan afx-

azi metad Tavaziania, darbaiseli da pativismdebeli

ufrosTa. yvela es gamoixateba aTas sxvadasxva cxovre-

bis wvrilmanebSi. aq Cven moviyvanT ramdenime magaliTs

yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan. sazogadod saWmlis miRebis

win da Semdeg afxazebSi mudam xels ibanen. am SemTxvevaSi

pirvelad xels ibans ufrosi da Semdeg sxvebi, rig-rigad,

ufros-umcrosobis mixedviT. agreTve igive wesia dac-

uli Rvinis smis dros. amitom yovel amgvar SemTxvevaSi

afxazebi erTmaneTs eTavazebian da epatiJebian, rom

erTma meoreze uwin miirTvas Rvino an daibanos xeli. am

Tavazianobasa da patiJobaSi marTlac bevri darbais-

luri da Tavaziani sityvebi ixarjeba: `Seni Wirime, Sen

ar momikvde, yvela eseni ar momikvdes, gamCeni RmerTis

madlma~. gazrdilis saxelsac ficuloben.

rodesac erTi vinme pirvel Rvinos dalevs an xels

daibans, Semdeg igive ceremonia iwyeba danarCenebSi da

ase bolomdis. garda amisa, rodesac ufrosi xels ibans,

umcrosni fexze wamodgebian. ufrosi am dros cdilobs

* aq da qvemoT kvadratul frCxilebSi Cawerilia afxazuri sityvebis

marTebuli formebi _ redaqtorebi.

22 23

miiyvaneo; pasuxi: `bzia ubeit~_keTili naxe... mwyemss:

ùbza hit~ [ubza hvit] kargad abalaxe, aZove; pasuxi ig-

ive... yurZnisa anu kaklis mkrefs, xeze mjdomares eub-

nebian: `nar ulbaait~ uvneblad da xvavianad Camoxvedi;

pasuxi igive; monadires: ̀ zfs iaxeu SzfSuh~ [zfs iaaxiou

SvizfSup] _ visic suli mosuli iyos, gicdides, gelo-

des; visac dakluli nadiri moaqvs, eubnebian: ùdrvet

edixeit~ [udirviatv eiRxeit] _ kvlavindeli ukeTesi

iyos, da foTlebs Tavze gadaayrian. simindis motexis

dros muSas eubnebian: `mar umoup~ _ xvavi gaqvs, xvavi

mogeces. mTaze karavTan misvlaze amboben: ùmca xara

baandav eroup (an tyavroup)~, e.i. Tqveni karavi (kera)

tyveTa daWerisaa. pasuxi igive _ `keTili naxe~. erTi

karavidgan meoresTan mimsvleli ambobs: ùmca xara baJ

Sroup~ _ Tqveni kera gareuli Txis mokvlisa iyos... sa-

zogadod muSaobis dros mosaqmes eubnebian: `bzia uJit~

[bzia uuit] _ keTili hqeni; pasuxi igive. gamoTxovebis

dros eubnebian: ùusaa zaziaxeit~ [uus aabziaxeit] _

Seni saqmoba keTili iyos. iaraRis daxedvisa da gasin-

jvis Semdeg patrons eubnebian: `xiZ alaugeit~ _ saxeli

mogaxveWinos, saxeli SegeZinos.

exlandeli afxazi saqmeSic da sityvaSic pirmoT-

neobs da formalistobs. mudam cdilobs yovelive ise

aRasrulos, rogorc miRebulia, Tundac guliT arcki

TanaugrZnobdes aseT wess. afxazi dastiris saSineli

TavganwirviT micvalebuls, romlis sikvdili, iqneba,

uxaria kidec. afxazs SeuZlia gulSi sul sxva ifiqros

da saqmiT ki sul sxva isaqmos; SeuZlia gepatiJebodes,

geTavazebodes da gulSi saSinlad sZagde da Seni mtro-

ba Rrmad hqondes damarxuli. magram gana cotani arian

ganaTlebul xalxSic iseTni, romelnic Tvalis asaxvevad

gundruks ukmeven imas, rac azriTa da guliT sisuleled

miaCniaT?! da amgvar saqciels afxazic, ise rogorc sx-

vanic, mxolod Tavisi sargeblobisaTvis kadrulobs, sa-

kuTari interesisaTvis farisevlobs da TvalTmaqcobs.

rodesac afxazi Tavis saqmeze mouTxrobs vinmes an

sTxovs vinmes rames an davobs, laparakSi metad Tavs im-

dablebs; visac elaparakeba, imas ki piriqiT, aqebs. `me

imodena codnis patroni ar viyavi, erTi briyvi vinme

var, magram TqvenisTanebs rom davekiTxeo... me ra Seme-

Zlo, magram Tqvenis SemweobiT da im sazogadoebis mow-

yalebiT da SemweobiT, romelsac vekuTvni, `civ Roms

vloRnidi~...

rodesac afxazi miesalmeba afxazs, anu gamoesalmeba

erTsa Tu ramdensames da fexze wamoudgebian, xelebis

Sesaferis moZraobiT mravaljer ambobs: ̀ brZandebodeT,

nu SewuxdebiTo~. sazogadod salamis micemis dros miRe-

bulia, rom sami TiTi marjvena xelisa erTmaneTs miatyu-

pos da maRla aswios. amgvarad afxazi diliT miesalmeba

umdablesi umaRlessa: `Szbzia~ [SJbzia] _ dila mSvido-

bisa (guten morgen, доброе утро); gamoeTxoveba diliT: `Sum-

Saa bziaxeit~ _ dRe keTilad, anu Tqveni dReni keTil

iyos~. SuadReze da diliT salami: ̀ mSbzia~ _ dRe keTil-

isa (guten tag, добрый день). gamoTxovebis dros: `SumSaa bi-

azeit~ [SumS aabziaxeit], e.i. rogorc diliT. saRamoze

salami: `xulu bzia~ _ saRamo mSvidobisa, (guten abend,

добрыи вечер); gamoTxovebis dros: ùwxaa bziaxeit~ _

Rame keTilisa, Tqveni Rame keTili iyos; RamiT: `wxbzia~

_ Rame mSvidobisa (guten nacht, добрая ночь); gamoTxovebaze

ise ician salami, rogorc saRamoze. erTmaneTs rom Sehx-

vdnen da gaeyarnen mgzavrebi, am sityvebiT miesalmebian

da gamoesalmebian, magram Tu Sexvedrilebi cota xans

erTmaneTs emaslaaTnen, maSin gamoTxovebis dros erTi

ambobs: `bziala hainieit~ _ sikeTiT, keTilisaTvis

SeveyareniT, meore miaZaxebs: àbziaba vanieit~ [abziara

vanieit] _ keTilsa Sexvdi, SegemTxvioso. marulasa da

doRisaken mimavalni eubnebian: àura uqup~ _ saSovari

gmarTebs, anu gelis; pasuxi: Tu marulas patronia, esec

`haicqup~ _ erTad gvmarTebs, Tu ara _ keTili naxe.

saqonlis mimreks eubnebian: àbza xaugaleit~ uvneblad

24 25

vaci da miaqvs sxva xorageulobac romelsame Tavad-

Tan, aznaurTan an SeZlebul glexTan da iq Soulobs cx-

ens. asea Tu ise, afxazs kargad Seugnia azri im leqsisa,

romelic ambobs:

`rasaca gascem Senia,

rac ara dakargulia.‘‘

ise ara uyvars-ra, rogorc cxeni da iaraRi, afxa-

zurad `abjar~, ara marto maRal wodebas, aramed da-

balsac. jer kidev ZuZumwovara ymawvili maRali wode-

bisa Cinebulad xmarobs cxens da iaraRs, TiTqos dedis

mucelSive eswavlos. iaraRi: dambaCa, xmali, xanjali,

dana, sadgisi da sxv. ganuSorebeli megobaria afxazisa.

rodesac afxazi ase SeiaraRebulia, zis cxenze, nabadi

gverdze aqvs gadmogdebuli da midis, miimReris, cxens

miaTamaSebs Tavis tol-amxanagebSi, maSin aris misi aR-

dgoma, udidesi dResaswauli. afxazs ver warmoudgenia,

rogor SeiZleba ucxenod icxovros kacma da amitom nax-

evarze met sicocxles cxenze atarebs.

sazogadod, cxenosnoba da cxenze TamaSi gavrcele-

bulia araTu maRal, aramed dabal wodebaSiac. pirvelad

yvela saero TamaSobaTa Soris, romelTac aseTi didi

mniSvneloba aqvs xalxis sulisa da xorcis varjiSobaSi,

cxenosnoba da jiriTi unda davasaxeloT. cxeniT TamaSze

Cven Semdeg vilaparakebT, aq ki davasaxelebT Semdegs

sxva garTobas: 1) burTaoba, 2) `arkil~ _ riki, 3) qvis

srola-tyorcna. qvis srola-tyorcnac sayvareli gar-

Tobaa da erTnairi kmayofilebiT Seeqcevian, rogorc

didni, ise patarani. musika da saxalxo poezia afxazTa,

Tu ara vcdebiT, dgas sakmaod dabal xarisxze. erTader-

Ti samusiko iaraRi Canguria, romelic qarTvelebisagan

unda hqondeT SemoRebuli; amas gvimtkicebs Cven imisi

qarTuli saxelwodeba aCangur, `buki-abki~. afxazuri

leqsebi, romelTagan bevrni SinaarsiT poezias mokleb-

marTlac, afxazi, Tumca saxelsa da namuss didad

afasebs, magram arc sargeblobas iviwyebs mainca da

mainc... rodesac afxazi daunaxavs vinmes raime mosawon

nivTs, maSinve Taviseburi momxiblavi da laquciani si-

tyva-pasuxiT iTxovs am nivTs. patronic dauyovnebliv

sTavazobs. es Cveuleba ufro winaT iyo gavrcelebuli.

sruliad sakmarisia, Tqvas afxazma raime nivTze: ̀ ra kar-

gia, rogor momwonso?!~ da patroni maSinve uTavazebs,

magram im imediT, rom Tavisi ar dahkargos, da, marTlac

odesme iseT rames sTxovs da iCuqebs, romelic arafriT

ar CamorCes fasiTa da RirseulobiT imas, rac Tavad gas-

ca.

rodesac afxazs gasaWiri daadgeba da Tavisi moyvre-

biT veRaras iSvelis, maSin axals mokeTes iZens moyvrad

da iZens iseTs, romelic Svelis gasaWir saqmeSi. amna-

irad gatexil saxels aRidgens da amisaTvis bevrsac

daxarjavs. amgvarad Tumca saqmes gaikeTebs, magram arc

is aviwydeba, Tu ramdenad daujda es saqme, romelic

maSin misi dardi da varami iyo... Semdeg rodesme, viT

SorsmWvreteli politikosi, ramdenime TviT adre, sanam

sTxovdes raimes, am axal moyvrisas misvla-mosvlas ux-

Sirebs, mzadaa yovelive ausrulos, `mosakiTxic~ ufro

xSirad miaqvs masTan, _ erTi sityviT, ise uCvenebs Tavs,

rom afiqrebinos: swored amaze ukeTesi megobari ara

myavso. mere erTerT dResaswaulze, rodesac mosakiTxi

miaqvs, sTxovs rasme da am saxiT moyvrulad ibrunebs

gacemulsa da danaxarjs.

ZRveniT misvla-mosvla, `ZRvnoba~ metad gavrcele-

bulia afxazTa Soris. magaliTad, afxazs ara hyavs cx-

eni, unda ki SeiZinos, magram fasi ara aqvs, gadasacvleli

saqoneli ara hyavs. fasad asSi erTi cxeni ar iyideba

da arc gaiyideba afxazeTSi, Tumca, sazogadod, gansa-

kuTrebiT Tavadaznauroba, dReobiT ki ara, saaTobiT

icvlis cxens. am SemTxvevaSi uqonels mihyavs verZi, anu

26 27

a. (zemoT moyvanil pirvel leqsSi)

varvultu... barфuntu

b. Wilar marda yulardam

g. arba arba sinarba

d. masTa masTarou

masTa sTaxou

siamul uca

siamul sTaxou

sianjar uca.

gvelis Selocvidan:

xut xut xudan-fa

Wrkva Wrkva Wrtelaz

arasa varasa vasatan...

yofa-cxovreba afxazTa. _ ojaxi. _ qalis

mdgomareoba

afxazebSi Sroma ganawilebuli ar iyo. araTu Tvi-

Toeuli sofeli, TiTqmis yoveli calke mosaxlec

saWiro nivTebs TviTon ikeTebda im masalidan, raca

xelSi eqneboda: zogs kaci akeTebda da zogs qali. qali

saimiso xelosnobaSi metad daxelovnebuli iyo da kidec

aris. xolo saxli afxazisa, rogorc exlave davinaxavT,

iseTs aRaras warmoadgens, ris gakeTebac yovel afxazs

TviTonve ar SeeZlos da ar icodes. aris mxolod erTad-

erTi xeloba, romelic Txoulobs gansakuTrebul cod-

nas. Cven vambobT mWedlobaze. exlac afxazeTis yovel

sofelSi TiTo, an meti mWedelia da igi dResac, vinc ki

mimarTavs, ukeTebs yovelgvar iaraReulobas da nivTebs

usasyidlod da amisTvis sakmaoa, moutanon naxSiri

da Zveli ram rkineuloba. rac unda iyos, mWedlobas,

romelsac aseTi didi mniSvneloba aqvs arsebobisaTvis

brZolaSi bunebisa da adamianis winaaRmdeg, Cven vxedavT

ulni ar arian, zogi TiTqos damyarebulia simetriis da

mwyobrsityvaobis kanonze. ai nimuSebic:

a) alifa qelamaT, ajgu ifa azdamr

afsnnZa mahra dcan ianxufhaca dramxafsit.

vorvultu sakakasa, barфuntu Waprxua

aSiqva dalaryeo, aSafSiqu dalarso

us dnargooit dpubazaz drchaupjimage

b) vo Zivava,

Zar ikvakva

markl-da!

ah ifa

v iJvom;

Z iJvom.

akvaraqva

eimidovo:

Z xuWk, Z xuWk.

maSin, rodesac zogierTi leqsi sasiamovnod ikiTxeba,

meti wili simReris gareSe hkargavs yovel Tavis Snosa da

lazaTs, riTmas da ufro mis aCrdilsa da msgavsebas mx-

olod aqa-iq mohkravT yurs. ase rom srul Tanasworobas

Sinaarssa da formas Soris, romlis magaliTebsac war-

mogvidgens Cveni saxalxo leqsebi, saca forma Seefereba

Sinaarss, Cven vera vxedavT afxazurs leqsebSi.

magram marto riTma da mwyobrsityvaoba ar atkbobs

adamianis yurTasmenas: aris erTi saxe leqsTwyobilebisa,

romelsac uwodeben alliteracias da romelic mdgo-

mareobs erTgvar xmaTa anu marcvalTa xSir-xSir ganmeo-

rebaSi6. am alliteraciiT Semkobil sityvas vxedavT Cven

ufro afxazur leqsebSi. ai magaliTebic:

6 aliteraciis magaliTs, mxolod ki riTmasTan SeerTebulisas, Cvens

literaturaSi warmoadgens Caxruxauli: `Tamar wynari Sesawynari,

nar-nari pir-mcinari~ da sxv.

28 29

umTavres dovlaTs afxazisas Seadgens oTxfexi Sin-

auri saqoneli. saqoneli da mxolod saqonelia sicocx-

lis burji, kacis mkvebavi, misi aRmzrdeli da Semnaxveli,

afxazisave azriT. usaqonlod afxazs ver warmoudgenia

cxovreba. upurobasac ki ufro advilad gauZlebs. afx-

azis azriT, mwyemsebi, romlebic uxvad xmaroben marto

xorceulobasa da rZiTa da erboTi ikvebebian, namdvil

netarebaSi arian. amitom afxazi oriode saqonlis gu-

lisaTvis, rodesac saZovari sakmaod ar eguleba, gad-

adis erTi alagidan meoreze7. mas am ayra-gadasaxlebas

isic uadvilebs, rom afxazebs arafrad miaCniaT facxis

dadgma. isic moxdeba xolme, rom, roca axlo sofelSi

gadasaxldeba, Tan miaqvs daurRvevelad facxa sxvebis

SemweobiT.

saxli _ facxa afxazisa, did SesaniSnaobas ar war-

moadgens. igi orgvaria garegani SexedulobiT: mrgvali

da oTxkuTxiani. kedeli facxisa gezad amaRlebulia da

Txilis momsxo wnelebi ganiT dawnulia ufro mowvrilo

wneliT. sarTulis kakutebi am dawnul kedelzea dayrd-

nobili, xolo zeviT Tavebi erTi-erTmaneTzea mikruli

venaxiT anu wirexiT; larZayinebze ki ganiT kvendRis Sem-

weobiT dakrulia aqa-iq lartyebi (finebi). es araxelov-

nuri Senoba daxurulia gvimriT, CaliT an isliT. amgvar

facxas, rogorc aRwerilobidanac Cans, sarTuli (da

saerTod TviT facxac) konusiseburi formisa aqvs... me-

oregvar facxas, romelic usworo oTxkuTxovania, wina

karebTan aqeT-iqiT wablis xis ori palo aqvs Casobili,

romelic cotad gadaxrilia erTimeoreze da maTi or-

TiTiani (kavebiani) wverebi erTimeores uerTdeba. am xe-

7 exla ki, am ukanaskneli omianobis Semdeg, sxvadasxva mizezis gamo

(sxvadasxva xalxebTan Setakeba, mamulebis gamijvna maRal wodebaTaT-

vis, saZovrebis Semcireba, aReb-micemobisa da vaWrobis gaZliereba),

afxazebis cxovrebam feri icvala: saqonlis gaSenebam pirveli alagi

miwaTmoqmedebas dauTmo da dRes simindis Tesva dRiTidRe matulobs

da afxazeTidan sazRvargareT TandaTan meti da meti simindi gaaqvT.

rogorc niSans Sromis ganawilebisas. am xelobas, romel-

sac egodeni mniSvneloba aqvs da yoveli afxazi ver mis-

wvdeba, garda sateqniko mniSvnelobisa, aqvs religiuri

mniSvneloba, romelzedac Cven vilaparakebT Semdeg.

am saxiT aReb-micemobas an sxva rame mrewvelobas afx-

azi sruliad ar misdevs, radganac sircxvilad miaCnia.

bevri iseTi sakuTari nawarmoebi aqvs afxazs, romelic,

aReb-micemoba rom yofiliyo afxazeTSi gavrcelebuli,

dResac karg Semosavals SesZenda. magaliTad, afxazis

qali cxvrisa da Txis tyavisagan akeTebs samogves msgavs

`cuS~-sa, romelsac sazafxulo qveSagebisaTvis xmaro-

ben da rac ucxoelT Zlier moswonT. kacebi akeTeben

saukeTeso xisa da rqis kovzebs. bevri monadire wli-

wadSi Svid-rva daTvs mohklavs, magram erT tyavsac ar

gahyidis. amas imitom sCadis, rom xeli ar gadahyves.

yidva-gayidvaSi afxazi fuls ar xmarobs, nivTs nivTze

scvlis.

amgvarad, cxovrebis umTavres saxsars, mudam sazoga-

doebaSi garTuli da Tavis yofa-cxovrebis gaumjobe-

sobaze naklebad mzrunavi afxazisas, Seadgens miwaTmo-

qmedeba da pirutyvTa movla. futkris yolasac metad

xels uwyobs afxazeTis mdidari buneba. mTis kalTebze

mdebare soflebSi mcxovrebT bevrs orasi da meti ska

udgiaT.

afxazebi Tesen marto siminds da salocavebisaTvis

asSi erTjer purs. simindma sruliad gaaZeva afxazeTi-

dan Romi, romelic ramdenime aTeuli wlis win, rogorc

Tanamedrove moxucnic mowmoben, TiTqmis erTaderTi

gavrcelebuli mcenare yofila. am garemoebiT SesaZloa,

kacma axsnas afxazuri saxelwodeba Romisa, romelsac

hqvian afsua bsTa _ `afxazuri Romi~. axla ki aq am afxa-

zur Roms kaci iSviaTad mokravs Tvals. garda simindisa,

Sin saxmareblad afxazebs mohyavT Tambaqo, bamba, seli,

kanafi da mcireodeni bostneuloba.

30 31

dagdebuli salesi qva. ai, afxazis saxlis yvela avejeu-

loba SuaTana mosaxlisa.

meoregvari facxa afxazs udgas rogorc saerTo didi

saxli, xolo pirveli _ ̀ qvacu~_axal colSerTulTaT-

vis (amhara). Raribebi kmayofilni arian marto pirveli

gvaris saxliT.

maSasadame, saxli afxazisa, romlis asaSeneblad

TiTqmis erTi Reri lursmanic ar daixarjeba, warmoad-

gens uZveles sadgurTa msgavsebas masaliT, garegani

formiT da simartiviT. mrgvali facxis magivrad exla

ufro oTxkuTxiani sadgomi vrceldeba da amis asaSen-

eblad `makratlebis~ magivrad xandisxan win da ukan

direebze damdgar xeebze amyareben sarTuls. es kargi

cvlilebaa. amisi Sedegia isic, rom zog facxas wina da

ukana kedeli ficris aqvs.

Cven dagvaviwyda gveTqva, rom keras zemoT Camok-

idebulia rkinis naWa da imis gverdiT xis kavi, romelic

gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad xangrZlivia erTxelve SemoRe-

buli iaraRi. am Camosakideblebze hkidia Tujis qvabebi,

romlebSiac ixarSeba da mzaddeba saWmeli.

yoveldRiuri da Cveulebrivi saWmeli afxazisa

yveli, simindis Romi da mawonia. ubralo Romis garda

akeTeben axalyvelgareul Roms (aelaj), rZiTa da yveliT

(aCamuqua). zamTrobiT afxazis saWmeli ubralod moxar-

Suli xorcia. yvela xorcze metad afxazs Txis xorci

uyvars. Rvinosac siamovnebiT miirTmevs, Tumca uamiso-

dac ki sZlebs, xolo umawvnod ki vera. kibos da sxv. afx-

azi ar miekareba; Tevzsac Zlier erideba, mxolod exla

cota-cota SeeCvia. zogierT bostneul mcenareTa Wama,

rogorc balaxisa, afxazs sasacilod miaCnia. sazogadod

afxazs mware da pilpilmoreuli saWmeli uyvars... sa-

locavTaTvis afxazebi amzadeben simindis fqvilisagan

patara konusiseburi formis mWadebs, romlebsac hxar-

Saven wyalSi samarxod an rZeSi saxsnilod. amas afxazebi

uwodeben `axvaJa~ [axvaJva].

ebs, romlebic cota ar iyos, makratelsa hgavs, afxazebi

eZaxian `amarkatl qva~. am `makratlebsa~ da meore mxriT,

erT direze gadebulia gasayari, romelic sarTulis

dasamagrebelia. sarTuli am facxas ufro CamoSvebuli,

pirvelisaze ufro mobrtyelo, ese igi imeruli formisa

aqvs. amgvar facxas, romelic gakeTdeba ra sididisac

gnebavT, win didi derefanic eqneba da ukan meore ganyo-

filebac SesaZloa hqondes, romelSiac kaci ara dgas, mx-

olod saxlis sxvadasxva xabakebi awyvia, da zamTrobiT

saqonelsac abinaveben. facxas TixiT an sxva riTime ar

lesven, _ zamTarSi iqneba gvimra Semoakran da, maSasa-

dame, qari Tavisuflad Seisisinebs da, Tu gnebavT, wvi-

mac Seatans xolme SigniT.

facxis Suagul alagas bunebiT Tlili qvis an Sezeli-

li nacar-Tixisagan gakeTebuli keraa (axuTSaara). am ker-

aze cdiloben gauqroblad cecxli Seinaxon. cecxlis

boli maRla saxuravSi gadis, anu qaris kvalobaze tria-

lebs Sig facxaSi. amitom mTeli facxa da gansakuTrebiT

zeda nawili Wvartlisagan ise brwyinavs, TiTqos gangeb

Savad SeRebili iyos... facxaSi erT mxareze taxtia gama-

rTuli, cecxlis pirze dgas grZeli da cotaTi farTo

skami, romelic saWiroebisamebr taxtobasac asrulebs.

taxtze alagia qveSsageb-saxuravi, gamzadebuli saxlis

ufrosi qalis xeliT; iqve dgas erTi ubralo skivri (ki-

dobani), romelSiac awyvia kacisa da qalis usaWiroesi

nivTeuloba. zeviT kedelze Camokidebulia unagiri,

maTraxi da zogierTi iaraRi. kuTxeSi kedelTanve dai-

naxavT Romis samzad iaraRebs, Camokidebul patara ka-

laTas, romelSiac inaxeba sanovage, xis an rqis kovzebs,

jamebs, sawvels, gobs da sxva wvrilman nivTebs. xedavT

Tungs da taSts, xolo bevrs ukanaskneli sulac ara aqvs

da Tungis magivrobas asrulebs gamoqvabuli mware kvaxi,

ayiro. amas davumatoT saWreli iaraRebi, didi farTe

qva da masze mrgvali qvac (marilis sanayi) da sadme iqve

32 33

sazogadoebaSi zrdili, Tavaziani da darbaiseli

afxazi SinaurobaSi ver iCens am Tvisebebs. piriqiT, aq

igi sakmaod jiuti da kerpia. igi yovelTvis brZanebis

kiloTi, mkacrad elaparakeba Tavis umcrosebs _ cols,

Svils da sxvas. ase rom, rogorc b-ni sergei meCi ambobs,

afxazs ezareba ojaxSi daxarjos erTi tkbili, Tavaziani

da alersiani sityva.

afxazis qali damwyvdeuli ar aris: igi sargeblobs

didi TavisuflebiT. marTalia, ojaxze mamakaciviT

zrunavs da TiTqmis mometebuladac. afxazi qali Tavis

zurgiT daaTrevs wisqvilSi safqvavs, ara marto imitom,

rom afxazi daudevaria, aramed imitom, rom ebraleba

Tavisi Tavi da Tavisi cxenic ki. zogierT adgilas afx-

azis qali dResac Tavisi xeliT yovel dila-saRamoze

atrialebs patara xelis wisqvilebs da amiT hkvebavs

mTels saxlobas. es kidev araferi. igi moclil dros

akabiwebuli gverdze udgas mamakacs da Svelis Toxna-

margvlaSi. agreTve keTilSobilTa qalebi keTilSobil

kacebze nakleb SromaSi ar arian. yvela es, marTalia,

col-qmrobis uRlis simZimes odnav qalisaken gadahxris,

magram aseve aZlevs afxazis qals did uflebasa da Tav-

isuflebas. qali pativdebuli arsebaa. pataraobidan si-

beremde yvela Sesafer salams aZlevs. qali dadis yvela

yrilobaze, tirilsa da aRapze; igi Tavisuflad tria-

lebs mamakacebSi, Rebulobs monawileobas maTTan er-

Tad cekvaSi. araerTi magaliTi yofila imisa, rom xSirad

qali winamZRolad hyoliaT RamiT siarulis dros. qali

asrulebs religiur wesebsa da ceremoniebs da mloca-

vad iTvleba, rogorc afxazTa mier gaRmerTebuli zogi

mamrobiTi sqesis, ise mdedrobiTi sqesis wmindanebisa.

naTqvamis miuxedavad, qali unda iyos umanko, morcxvi.

igi ufros mamakacTa winaSe unda laparakobdes krZal-

viTa da moridebiT da, erTi sityviT, afxazis azriT, ar

varga, rom mandilosani qudosnobdes.

ufros-umcrosoba afxazis ojaxSi Zalian dacu-

lia. saxlis ufross (avn aihab) emorCileba TiToeuli

wevri ojaxisa. ojaxSi yvelaferi misi survilisame-

br TadarigiT keTdeba... qalebis Sesaxebs saqmeebSi

ufrosobs ojaxis ufrosi qali (avn eihab afhs [afhus]).

ase da amrigad, ufrosni ganageben saojaxo saqmeebs da

maTve emorCilebian umcrosni wevrni ojaxisani. marTa-

lia, xSirad ufrosebs es ufleba marto formalurad

aqvT daculi: rodesac umcrosni saojaxo saqmeebSi met

Wkuas, gamocdilebas da fxas gamoiCenen, maSin saqmiT es-

eni ufrosoben. saxlis ufrosi kaci da qali, sxvaTaSo-

ris, yvela saojaxo religiur ceremoniaTa da locvaTa

aRmasrulebelni arian da saxlis ufrosi mamakaci, Tu

sxvebze ufro xnieria, mTel sagvaro salocavebsac as-

rulebs. am mizezis gamo Svilebi Sesaferi pativiscemiT

inaxaven sruliad dauZlurebul ded-mamas. ded-mamis

sicocxlis dros Svilebi iSviaTad gaeyrebian imaTac

da erTmaneTsac. Tu gaiyarnen, cdiloben ar awyeninon

ded-mamas. amisTana SemTxvevaSi mSoblebs miaqvT mTeli

qonebis naxevari. danarCens Svilebi iyofen. roca deda

da Svilebi unda gaiyaron, dedas Tavis namziTvi srulad

miaqvs da garda amisa, TviToeuli Svilis wilis Tanabar-

ic; Semdeg romel erT Svilsac amoirCevs, imasTan sdgeba

sacxovreblad. gayrisa da saerTo qonebis gayofis dros

ufros Zmas miaqvs naufrosali (aihabSaxu): Tu bevri

saqoneli hyavT, miaqvs TiTo arCeuli suli yovelgvar

pirutyvisagan, da, Tu bevris patronni ar arian, maSin

erTs kargs aiyvans `naufrosal~ wilad. umcros Zmasac

miaqvs naumcrosali (eiwbSaxu), romelic naufrosalze

cotaTi naklebi iqneba. am naufrosalisa da naumcrosa-

lis gamoricxvis Semdeg, rac darCeba, amas Zmebi Tanas-

worad hyofen. mamis saxl-kari ezo da sxva rCeba umcros

Zmas; qaliSvilebs vaJebze naklebi gaaqvT.

34 35

moiZebneba, romelsac TiTo an meti gazrdili ara hyavdes

Tavadi, an aznauri. aqedan isic cxadia, rom asSiac erTi

Tavadaznauri ar moipoveba, romelic dedis ZuZuTi iyos

aRzrdili.

roca Tavadaznauris qals Svili eyoleba, aRmoCn-

deba ramdenime glexi yrmis aRsazrdelad ayvanis msur-

veli (xSirad moxdeboda xolme uwin glexebs Sua Cxubi

da Setakeba, radganac yvelas TavisTvis surda waeyvana

axladdabadebuli) da imaTgan mSoblebi airCeven erTs.

im dRes, rodesac ZiZas mihyavs bavSvi, mSoblebi lxins

marTaven axali ZiZis Semosvlis gamo. amave dRes mSoble-

bi ZiZas aZleven TiTo xel tanisamoss, akvnis gasawyobs,

patara spilenZis qvabs bavSvis amosabanad da sxvadasxva

wvrilmaneulobas. aRmzrdelma qalma am droidan daim-

saxura pativcemuli wodeba ZiZasi _ `anaZZei~ _ deda

ZiZa _ `dedamZuZe~ da, marTlac, am dRidan rogorc Tvi-

Ton ZiZa, ise misi qmari `abaZZei~ _ `mamamZuZe~, didad

pativcemulni xdebian. ZiZas Sin mihyavs bavSvi, romelic

agreTve iwodeba am droidan im gvareulobis gazrdilad

_ axufha, romelsac ekuTvnis ZiZis qmari... gamzrdelebi

bavSvs ar akleben tkbil, saTuT, alersian movlas. ori-

sami wlis Semdeg gazrdili pirvelad mohyavT ded-mami-

sas, rom uCvenon mSoblebs. maT moaqvT gazrdilis ded-

mamisaTvis ZRveni: erTi, an ori xari, vaci, yverulebi,

Rvino, puri da sxva xorageuloba. isev imarTeba lxini

ZiZis mosvlisa da Svilis pirvelad moyvanis gamo. am lx-

inSi, romelzedac dapatiJebulni iqnebian axlo-axlo

mezoblebic, did pativs sdeben ZiZasa da mis qmars. isini

ara Tu gazrdilis, misi ded-mamis uwinac xels ibanen

da Rvinosac smen. gazrdilma da misma mSoblebma gamz-

rdelebi, roca SemTxveva moiTxovs, cxenzed unda Ses-

van, e.i. unagiris abzinda dauWiron da sxv.

ramdenime dRis Semdeg ZiZa da misi qmari dasaCuqreb-

ulni saqonliT, tanisamosiT, Tu fuliT Sin brundebian

miuxedavad amisa, afxazis qali, umizezod qmrisa-

gan daTxovnili, midis uSiSrad saero yrilobaze, sadac

sxva dros qvrivebis garda qalebi iSviaTad daeswrebi-

an, da aq mamakacze aranaklebi gambedaobiT da mWevrme-

tyvelobiT icavs Tavs. Tu afxazs sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi

SeuZlia daiTxovos coli, samagierod colsac SeuZlia

Tavi daanebos qmars.

gazrda. gazrdili. gamzrdeli

im dros, rodesac batonymoba srul ZalaSi iyo, dab-

ali wodeba afxazeTSic Zlier Seviwroebuli iyo. batoni

ise epyroboda Tavis qveSevrdoms, rogorc ukanasknel

nivTs: arTmevda yvelafers, hyidda da agiravebda, roca

SemTxveva da garemoeba moiTxovda. batonymobis gad-

agdebis Semdegac am ukanasknel dromde bevrad ar gan-

kargebula afxazeTSi glexkacobis mdgomareoba, radgan

qurdoba, Zarcva, avazakoba afxazebis TavadaznaurTa xe-

lobas Seadgenda. Tumca glexkacobac afxazeTSi qurdo-

baSi umecari ar aris, magram mainc igi xom ver gabedavda

samagieros gadaxdas, e.i. Tavad-aznaurobis sakuTrebis

moparvas...

amitom dabal wodebas iseTi Cveuleba gamougonia,

romlis SemweobiT glexs SeeZlo Tavisi batonis siyvaru-

lis damsaxureba. es Cveuleba Tavadaznaurebis Svilebis

aRsazrdelad ayvana iyo. Tavadaznaurnic kmayofilebiT

aZlevdnen Svilebs gasazrdelad da amiT Tavadaznaure-

bi iZendnen siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT savse moyvrebs;

agreTve maT colebs bavSvebze zrunva ar sWirdebodaT;

sazogadod afxazis maRali wodebis qalebs metad samZi-

mo saqmed miaCniaT ymawvilebis aRzrda.

unda aRvniSnoT, rom afxazeTSi mosaxle glexi ar

36 37

maT, Savs icvams, Tavze Tmas uSvebs, Tavisi xarjiT uke-

Tebs maT kubos da meTadarigea micvalebulis datire-

bisa da dasaflavebis wesebsa da ceremoniebSi. rodesac

micvalebulis mosaxseneblad aRapi iqneba, gazrdils

mohyavs dasaklavi _ `sulis misacemi~ _verZi an cxeni

da am drosac meTadarige da mamSvenierebelia.

agreTve Tu ZiZaSvils coli malviTa da motacebiT

mohyavs, gazrdili moTavea qalis motacebasa da gadmoy-

vanaSi, Tu vinicobaa qalis Wirisuflebma Seityves da

gamoekidnen, gazrdili Tavis mxleblebiT sityvis an ia-

raRis SemweobiT arasgziT ar aZlevs erTxel gamoyvanil

qals da, saqmis mogvarebamde, qals Tavis saxlSi inaxavs,

sadac Tavdasxmas veravin gaubedavs. rodesac ZiZaSvils

cxadliv mohyavs sacolo an rodesac mihyavT ZiZaSvili

qali, maSin gazrdili umTavres mayrad iTvleba. axlad-

moyvanil rZals Tavze gadaagdebs cxens, xolo pirbadis

axsnisa da qalis pirisaxis naxvis dros fuls. erTi si-

tyviT, yovel `keTilSobilursa da vaJkacur~ saqmeebSi

gazrdili icavs gamzrdelTa interesebs, rogorc Tavis

sakuTars.

Tavis mxriv, glexni-gamzrdelni arafers ar zogaven

gazrdilisaTvis. isini ficuloben gazrdilis saxels da

rodesac gamzrdelni ificeben imis saxels, magaliTad,

Semdegi saxiT: `kvaji~ (mamakacis saxelia) ar momikvdes,

anu CiCize avi ar menaxos da sxv., maSin isini, rogorc

TviTon afxazebi amboben, wyalsac ar daleven. pativi

da siyvaruli gazrdilisadmi iqamde miaRwevs, rom, Tu

gazrdili moukvdaT, mainc imis saxels gamzrdelni ase

ficuloben: is (micvalebulis saxels axseneben) ar mo-

mikvdes, e.i. rogor hkadron gazrdils, rom igi mkvdari

iyos maSin, rodesac TviTon cocxalni arian. is maTT-

vis cocxalia, mudam axsovT ise, rogorc cocxali da

ara mkvdari... yovel weliwads gamzrdelT moaqvT gaz-

rdilTan mosakiTxi: Sobas yverulebi, yveli an puri an

TavianTi gazrdiliT. gazrdili gamzrdelebisas rCeba

8-9 wlamde da Semdeg ded-mamisas mohyavT, magram bavSvs,

romelmac 8-9 weliwadi gaatara ZiZisas, romelic ZuZus

awovebda da metad tkbilad da nazad zrdida, raRa Tqma

unda, samudamod Caenergeba gulSi siyvaruli ZiZisa,

ZiZaSvilebisa da mTeli im ojaxobisa; ded-mamis saxli ki

sapatimrod miaCnia; Semdegac, roca ded-mama nebas dar-

Taven, daiareba gamzrdelebisas. Tu gazrdili obolia,

maSin colis SerTvamde da calke dasaxlebamde gamz-

rdelebisas imyofeba, rogorc Tavis sakuTar saxlSi...

gazrdilma gamzrdelTa interesi ise unda daicvas,

rogorc sakuTari. Tu rame mohpares gamzrdelebs (Cven

zemod SevniSneT, rom gamzrdelebad _ ̀ abraa~ _ iTvle-

ba mTeli gvareuloba namdvili gamzrdelisa) gazrdili

valdebulia dakarguli saqoneli moZebnos an qurdi aR-

moaCinos da erTi-orad gadaaxdevinos. Tu es ver Seas-

rula, didi sircxvilia Tavis tol TavadaznaurobaSi...

Tu vinmem gamzrdelT Seuracxyofa miayena sityviT an

saqmiT da maT Tavad ar SeuZliaT samagieros gadaxda,

gazrdili agebs Sesafer pasuxs. magaliTad, Tu Tavadma,

an aznaurma scema romelime glexs, maSin am glexis gaz-

rdilma samagierod unda scemos ara damnaSave Tavadi an

aznauri, radgan es meti iqneboda, vinaidan keTilSobil-

isa da glexis `sisxli~ erTi ar aris, aramed damnaSavis

romelime gamzrdeli glexTagani. Tu glexs raime saqme

aqvs, gazrdili farulad da cxadadac yovel Rones hxma-

robs, rom igi gamarjvebuli gamoiyvanos saqmidan. erTi

sityviT, glexs gverdiT udgas Tavisi gazrdili erTi

anu ramdenime Tavadaznauri.

rasakvirvelia, rodesac gazrdili mcirewlova-

nia, mis magivrobas asruleben imisi mSoblebi da Zmebi.

aviRoT ori garemoeba adamianis cxovrebidan: Wiri da

lxini, e.i. sikvdili da qorwili. Tu gazrdils moukv-

da ZiZa an misi qmari an ZiZaSvilebi, maSin igi dastiris

38 39

staqniT Rvinos miarTmeven da daalevineben, ris Semdeg

isev wamodgebian fexze da erT-erTi ukeTesi molaparake

daiwyebs sityvas: `dReis iqiT namdvili ZuZuTi gazrdi-

lis tolad gTvliT, Cvenc Tqven gzaze vadgivarT, raica

gvaqvs Cven, TqvenTvis ar daviSurebT, da Tqven, imedia,

CvenTvis araras dazogavT, sxva gazrdilebze win dagay-

enebT~ da sxv. bolos miarTmeven ramdenime maneTs. ram-

denime xnis Semdeg imave wesiTa da ceremoniiT aZleven

saCuqars fuliT winandelze naklebs, sxva momyolTac

_ TiTo Tavs (`xak~) rasme. TviT saCuqrebis micemis

dros afxazebi, visac aZleven, eubnebian: `vaWa enup~9 da

saCuqrebs am Ramisas da zogierT sxva SemTxvevebSiac

afxazebi uwodeben àWanwa~10. meore dRes diliT aZlevda

saqonels, kameCebs, xarebs, Zroxebsa da sxv. naCuqarma,

gacemulma saqonelma, fulis gamoricxviT, erTiorad,

erTisamad unda gadaaWarbos gazrdilis mier moyvanilsa

da motanils. bolos es ambavi Tavdeba Semdegi uaRresi

mniSvnelobiT savse ceremoniiT. miwaze dafenil xali-

Caze an nabadze dadgmul kidobanze (skivrze) Semojdeba

maspinZeli qali _ momavali ZiZa, romelsac gverdiT

Tavisni tolni udganan. Semdeg karsgaredan Semodis da-

patiJebuli, qalis win daiCoqebs, muxls moiyris da Zu-

Zus samjer pirSi Caidebs, anu, rogorc afxazebi amboben,

samjer ZuZus ùkbens~ da TiToeulis `kbenis~ Semdeg im-

eorebs frazas: ̀ dReis iqiT mSobeli dedis msgavsi xar~...

am dRidan es kaci iTvleba `gazrdilad~. CamomavlobiT

tolebSi am Cveulebas namdvili Svilobilobis xasiaTi

eZleva. es garemoeba udris pataraobidan ZuZuTi aRz-

9 `vaWa enup~ _ am sityvas Tavisi Zveli azri da mniSvneloba dRes

sruliad daukargavs. amiT dRes afxazi igulisxmebs mxolod Semdegs:

`Seni saCuqari (mosarTmevi, feSqaSi) iyos~. raki CaukvirdebiT amas,

mixvdebiT, rom sityvasityviT niSnavs: aTi, mag., maneTi `Sens pirzed

sdevs~.

10 agreTve meore SeerTebuli sityva àWanwa~ warmomdgaria imav or si-

tyvidan, e.i. aW (piri) da anwara (dadeba; dRes mxolod saCuqari, feSqaSi),

pirdapir: `pirzed dasadebeli~. es ori magaliTi vgonebT imis sabuTia,

rom Cveulebad hqondaT pirzed risimes dadeba.

mWadi, xolo aRdgomis dResaswaulebze kravi an Tikani

da `CemuqvaTi~ da amiT moikiTxaven xolme gazrdilebs.

sazogadod es mosakiTxi dResaswaulebze garegani niSa-

nia moyvrobisa da umdablesma umaRless unda miuta-

nos. Tu es niSani ar iqna daculi, maSin moyvrobac Sew-

yvetilia. raodenoba kravebisa da Tiknebisa, romelTac

moutanen visme aRdgomis dResaswaulebze an raodenoba

yverulebisa Sobis dResaswaulebze garegani sazomia

misi Rirsebisa da gavlenisa. ZiZaSvilebi uerTgule-

sni adamianni arian gazrdilisaTvis `RamiT siarulSi~

_ qurdobaSi. amitom Tavads an aznaurs qurdobaSi

dahyavs ZiZaSvilebi, romlebic imisTvis gasaWirSi Tavs

ar dazogaven. Tu gazrdili gardaicvala, gamzrdelTa

mwuxareba-vaebas sazRvari ara aqvs. mis dasaflavebaze,

Wirisuflobisa da jafis garda, gardasaxuravi fulic

moaqvT. agreTve aRapzedac mohyavT xari, erTi an ori, cx-

vari da sxv. rodesac gazrdilis colis moyvanaze lxini

iqneba, aqac saklavebiTa da SromiTac Semweobas aZleven,

qalsac SeZlebisadagvarad `gadaagdeben~. erTi sityviT,

fuliT, garjiT da riTac ki SeuZliaT gamzrdelni mzad

arian yovelTvis samsaxuri gauwion gazrdilebs.

amgvari gazrdis garda afxazeTSi aris meorenairi

gazrda. vinme glexTagans, magaliTad, gazrdili moukvda

an hyavs igi, magram saqmeebsa da gaWirvebaSi sakmaod vera

hxedavs da amitom surs sxva adamiani moigos gazrdilad,

magram iseTi kaci, romelic wlovani da gazrdilia. aseT

kacs afxazi glexi eubneba: `me msurs Cems saxlSi migiy-

vano, iq rom qalebi arian (colze), imaT ZuZuzed gakbeni-

no da SeZlebisamebr pativi gce~, e.i. saCuqari mogarTva.

daniSnul saRamos ase dapatiJebuli kaci iaxlebs or-sam

sxvas da modis glexisas8, sadac mzaddeba Sesaferi vaxSa-

mi. puris Wamis dros dampatiJebeli da misi monaTesaveebi

wamodgebian da daiCoqeben gazrdilad gasaxadis winaSe;

8 mas Tan mohyavs erTi cxeni da momavali ZiZisaTvis moaqvs sakabe.

40 41

qaliSvilis malulad wayvanas, Tavisi mokeTeebiTurT

gamoekidebian da cdiloben ukanve daibrunon gadayva-

nili qali, magram es metad Zneli da iSviaTia. saqmros

da mTels imis dass samarcxvinod miaCnia qalis dabrune-

ba da amitom yovel RonisZiebas xmaroben da iaraRsac

hkideben xels, Tu saqme gamwvavda. amasTan, ded-mamis

saxlidan gadayvanili qali, yovel SemTxvevaSi, gaupati-

urebulad iTvleba da sxva vinme iSviaTad waiyvans. ami-

tom qali, ZaliTac rom iyos motacebuli, mainc Tanxm-

deba da saqveynod aRiarebs, rom bedma es qmari marguna

da mxolod amasTan SemiZlia cxovrebao. amave mizezis

gamo qalis naTesavebic Tanxmdebian saqmis morigebiT

gaTavebas. qalis mSoblebi da saqmros megobrebi erTad

moiyrian Tavs da urigdebian erTmaneTs, ris Semdegac

siZe simamr-sidedrs da colis sxva naTesavebs Sesaferis

saCuqrebs aZlevs da TviTonac samagieros Rebulobs.

aq unda SevniSnoT, rom afxazi Tavisze umdablesi

gvarisa da mdgomareobis qals arcerT SemTxvevaSi ar

moitacebs, radgan samarcxvinod miaCnia. motaceba xde-

boda da xdeba ufro iq, sadac afxazs mohyavs an cotaTi

mainc umaRlesi Rirsebis qali, an Tavisi toli Rirsebi-

Ta da mdgomareobiT, romelic aSkarad aras SemTxvevaSi

ar gamohyveba colad. vaJma qals xeli sTxovos da misma

mSoblebma ar gaimeton da kidec gaamJRavnon, es xom didi

sircxvili iqneba. am garemoebiT aixsneba, Tu ratom da

ra SemTxvevaSi itacebs afxazi sacolos; itacebs ara

imitom, rom, rogorc zogierTni amboben, colis Sesasy-

idi urvaTi Tavidan aicilos. afxazebSi rom es mizezi ar

moqmedebs, iqidanaca Cans, rom qalis momtacebel qmars,

morigebis Semdeg, riTac TiTqmis mudam Tavdeba zemoT

aRniSnul mizezTa gamo motaceba, moelis igive xarji,

rac moutaceblad da mSvidobianad SemrTvels; mxolod

am ukanasknels dro eZleva. sazogadod saqmrom Tavisi

colis naTesavebi survilis da SeZlebisdagvarad unda

naxos. rasakvirvelia, rac ufro kargad naxavs, is ufro

sasaxeloa da ufro met mziTevsac unda moelodes... Tuki

rdas romelime adamianisa da amitom damokidebulebac

orsave mxriT iseTivea, rogoric zemod awerilia.

raRa saWiroa aRvniSno, rom glexebi marto Tavadazn-

aurobis Svilebs ara zrdian, Tumca es ufro xSiria, _

glexebi sasuliero kacTa, movaWreTa an isev glexTa Svi-

lebsac zrdian. aris xolme imisTana SemTxvevac, roca

aznaurebs warCinebuli TavadiSvilebi hyavT `gazrdil-

ebad~ da sxv.

zemonaTqvamidan mkiTxveli TviTonac gamoicnobs,

rom gazrdis saqmes didi mniSvneloba aqvs afxazeTSi.

mTeli cxovreba da damokidebuleba TavadaznaurTa da

glexTa Sua, TviT glexTa Soris da Tavadaznaurobis

urTierTSorisac, Tamamad SesaZloa iTqvas, am `gaz-

rdazea~ akinZuli. amaze cotad Tu bevrad afxazebis cx-

ovrebis daaxloebiT mcodnenic dameTanxmebian.

colis SerTvis wesi afxazeTSi

am aTis wlis winad afxazebSi ufro xSiri iyo sacolo

qalis namdvili motaceba, rodesac saqmros Tavisi tol-

amxanagebis SemweobiT mohyavda qali mis da misi mSobleb-

isa da naTesavebis daukiTxavad da dauTanxmeblad _

ZaliT. exla es pirdapiri motaceba iSviaTia, Tumca aqa-

iq exlac Tavs iCens xolme... ufro xSiria iseTi SemTx-

veva, rodesac Seyvarebuli qalis TanxmobiT, magram wi-

naaRmdeg qalis an Tavis ded-mamis survilisa, mohyavs

afxazs farulad, saidumlod da motacebiT. saqmro

Tavis tol-amxanagebiT SeiaraRebuli midis qalis mier

windawinve daniSnul alagas. am alagze, romelic xSirad

saxlidan daSorebuli iqneba ramdenime versis manZilze,

SuaRamiT gamodis qali, ded-mamis saxlidan gamoparuli.

qals Seajenen saukeTeso cxenze da gasweven Sin an rome-

lime gavlenian kacisaken... mSoblebic, raki Seityoben

42 43

siZe Tavisi mdadeTi. igi jer ara Tu colis naTesavebs,

TiTqmis aravis ara sCvenebia da lxinis Rames karSi, ga-

reT Sori-Sors daiareboda, bnelSi, an mezoblis saxlSi

iwva. mxolod meore dRes ZaliT SemohyavT saerTo sax-

lSi da aq nabadwingadmogdebuli, yabalaxiT pirSexveu-

li, ase rom TvalebiRa odnav mouCans, dgas kedelTan an

kuTxeSi atuzuli da krintsac ar iRebs. imis magivrad si-

tyva-pasuxs iZleva misi mdade, romelic gverdze udgas.

pirvel xnobiT siZe sidedr-simamrTan purs ara sWams da

Semdegac maTTan erTad erT sufras Tavis dReSi ar mou-

jdeba zogierT adgilebSi. coli da qmari erTad mTel

sicocxleSi ar eCvenebian qalis mSoblebs da es Cveuleba

dRemdinac mtkiced daculia bzifSi da abJuaSic, magal-

iTad, jgerdaSi; am Cveulebas sxva adgilebSiac misdeven,

mxolod ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi. mkiTxveli Tvi-

Tonac mixvdeba, rom qmars Tvali ufrosTaganma aravin

ar unda mohkras Tavisi colis àmharaSi~ _ sawol oTax-

Si, Sesvlisa da gamosvlis dros.

axladgaTxovili qali, momwyvdeuli Tavis patara

àmharaSi~, ar gamodis saerTo saxlSi, sanam vinme gareSe

kaci ar gamarTavs lxinsa da ar Semoiyvans. gaiSleba Tu

ara sufra da Semousxdebian wveulni, vinmes Semohyavs

axali rZali stumrebTan da mSoblebTan. aq erTerTi

moxuci mokeTeTagani an mama Samfurze agebul RviZls

aiRebs, wamodgeba da loculobs, rom mefe-dedofali

bednierni iyvnen, SeeZinoT vaJiSvilebi, qaliSvilebi da

erTmaneTs Seaberdnen, rogorc mze da mTvare.

Tavis mxriv, siZe colis naTesavebidan Sin dabruneb-

uli Tavis ded-mamas da sxva ufros naTesavs da moyvares

ver eCveneba sircxvilis gamo. amanac aq lxini unda gama-

rTos da es lxini, garda zemoTmoxsenebuli locvisa,

imiT aris SesaniSnavi, rom axalma colSerTulma Svilma

dedas, mamas, biZas, gamzrdels, erTi sityviT, yvela axlo

naTesavsa da ufros moyvares TviToeulad cal-calke

unda saCuqari misces fuliT Tu saqonliT (aWanwaqva). am

lxins Tavisi àWanwebiT~ hqvia àfxaSaraxu~, rac Targ-

mSoblebi motacebuli qalisa da momtacebelis saqmrosi

maincadamainc ar morigdebian, maSin axali col-qmari

miuxedavad amisa ganagrZoben erTad cxovrebas, magram

es Zlier iSviaTi movlenaa. Tu motaceba qalisa yovelT-

vis SesaZlo ar aris da amasTan momtacebels, adre Tu

gvian, igive xarji moelis, cxadia, rom afxazebSi aSkara

da mSvidobiani colis SerTvac unda yofiliyo da kidec

vxedavT afxazebis cxovrebaSi. amitom Cven mokled mainc

avwerT amgvar colis SerTvas, radganac amaSi ixateba

ufro yvela wesebi da ceremoniebi, romelic miRebulia

colis SerTvis dros, radgan motacebiT colis SerT-

vac, raki morigebiT Tavdeba, sabolood amave saxes Re-

bulobs...

afxazebSi colis daniSvna ufro maWanklebis Semweo-

biT xdeba. maWankali saqmrosa da mis monaTesaveebs uqebs

sarZlos, sacolos, mis silamazes, yofaqcevas, ̀ xelovne-

bas~ da agreTve sacolosa da mis monaTesaveebs _ saqm-

ros, mis gvariSvilobas, vaJkacobas, qonebas da sxv. Tu

saqme gaariga, lxinSi dakluli xarebis Tavebs da tyavebs

igdebs xelSi, Cveulebis ZaliT...

daTanxmdebian Tu ara, saqmro da sacolo cvlian

ubralo nivTebs da orive mxris monaTesaveni niSnaven

dros, rodesac saqmro siZed unda Semovides. daniSnul

dros igi mayrebiTurT Semodis sasiZod; Tan Semoaqvs,

SeZlebisdagvarad, saCuqari fuliT Tu saqonliT saco-

los monaTesaveTaTvis, SemZle Tavadebs _ 20, 30 cxeni,

zogi unagiriT Sekazmuli. uwin ymebic SemohyavdaT. siZis

SemoSvebis drois xarjic (lxinisa) siZes marTebs da ami-

tom winadve Semogzavnis xolme sakmao saklav xarebs.

lxinSi siZis mayrebi da qalis mSoblebis mier wveulni

cdiloben erTmaneTs gadaaWarbon Rvinis smaSi, simRera-

sa da moswrebul sityva-pasuxSi, baassa da cxenosnobaSi.

meore dRes mayrebs saCuqrebs aZleven SeZlebisamebr da

siZesac aZleven erT cxens an fulsa da iaraRs. am dRidan

qali da vaJi uceremoniodac iTvlebian col-qmrad.

dasaCuqrebuli mayrebi midian; rCeba ramdenime dRiT

44 45

da samjer keras irgvliv Semoatareben; igi pirbadeaf-

arebuli hyris irgvliv marcvals. Semdeg daajenen da

muxlebze patara vaJs Seujenen imis niSnad, rom pirve-

lad vaJi SeeZinos. Semdeg rZali SehyavT damzadebul

àmharaSi~ da am RamiT iqneba namdvili saqorwilo lxini.

meore dRes da Semdeg Semodian qmris naTesavni, naxulo-

ben axal rZals da `gadaagdeben~, visac ra SeSvenis da

SeuZlia saqonliT an fuliT. raki mnaxveli ganacxadebs,

rom surs inaxulos axali rZali da `gadasagdebsac~ gam-

oiRebs, mdade pirbades axdis rZals. rZali ki Tvaleb-

daxrili uZravad dgas, mxolod drogamoSvebiT wynarad

da nazad gamoixedeba da sityvasac ar iRebs. ramdenime

xnis Semdeg hos da aras niSnad Sesaferad Tavs aqnevs.

pirvel xanobaSi rZlis magivrobas saqmiTa da sityviT

asrulebs misi mdade qali.

rZali àmharaSi~ ramdenime Tve rCeba, Semdeg `did

saxlSi~ SehyavT (aJaharas salocavad). mere ki mas awveba

zrunva ojaxze. is yovelTvis cdilobs dedamTilisa da

mamamTilis survilisamebr moiqces. rZali ramdenime

Tvis Semdeg daiwyebs laparaks, rasakvirvelia, didi Tx-

ovnis Semdeg, jer im ojaxisa da soflis umcrosebTan,

Semdeg ufrosebTanac. yvelaze ufro gvian gamoela-

parakeba dedamTil-mamamTils. axalrZalTan, romelsac

mTeli sofeli `Cvens rZals~ eZaxis, moaqvs yvelas sak-

eravi ufro misi xelovnebis gamosacdelad. patarZali

yvelas ukeravs, rasakvirvelia, usasyidlod. sazogadod

igi did jafaSia, radgan yvelaferi unda gaakeTos, yve-

las pativi da morideba unda iqonios, yvelas, Tavisze

umcrosebsac, mowiwebiT unda moepyras.

col-qmari erTad aqac colis dedamTil-mamamTils

ramdensame weliwads ar eCvenebian. rodesac isini sax-

lSi arian, qmarma rom garedan Semosvla daapiros SemTx-

veviT, SigniT myofi coli karSi garbis. Semdegac Tavis

dReSi isini erTad erT sufras ver mousxdebian dedam-

manSi niSnavs `sircxvilis xvedrs, sircxvilis asacileb-

els~.

gaTxovili qalis mSoblebi, gamoawyoben ra mziTe-

vs, ixmoben siZes colis wasayvanad. aRniSnul dRes siZe

modis mayrebiTurT. am mayrebs ematebaT rZlis mayre-

bic. amaT erTad gadahyavT rZali da mihyavT igi qmris

saxlSi `bednieras~ mReriT, cxenis TamaSiT, jiriTiT,

dambaCebis sroliT11 da, miuaxlovdebian Tu ara, max-

arobeli gaiqceva da atyobinebs saxleulobas, axali

rZali mohyavTo. magram sakvirveli is aris, rom sityviT

ki ar agebinebs, aramed àra TqmiT~, e.i. mosuli maxaro-

beli munjiviT Cerdeba da arafers ar ambobs an marto

dambaCas gaisvris. mas, rogorc kacs, romelmac amisTana

samxiarulo ambavi moitana, Tafls anu Saqars aWmeven.

ager mohkivian da moimRerian, ager maTraxebis saSinelma

tkaca-tkucma TandaTan imata da bolos es auarebeli

grova cxenosanTa moadga saxls. aq erT wuTs kidev Se-

eqcevian mayrebi did mrgval mWads, romelsac rZalsa

da saxls zeviT samjer iqiT-aqeT gadisvrian, ris Sem-

deg nafiCx-nafiCxad aqceven da visac ra moxvdeba da

SeuZlia itacebs. karebTan erTmaneTze wverebiT mibje-

nil or xmalqveS gatarebiT SehyavT rZali `dids saxl-

Si~, magram sanam fexs Sedgamdes, moegebebian da Tafls

moalokineben an Saqars moakvnetineben am sityvebiT: àse

gamCenma RmerTma ena tkbili mogcao~. Sin Sesul qals

Romis marcvliT savse jams (jamSi kvercxi devs) aZleven

11 qalisa da siZis mayrebi yovelTvis TamaSobaSi erTmaneTs ejibre-

bian, TviT lxinis drosac Rvinis smaSi, simRera-cekvaSi. garda amisa,

axalgazrda ymawvilni im soflisa, saidanac qali mihyavT, ukan gae-

devnebian da cdiloben siZis mayrebs rame waarTvan: maTraxi, qudi da

sxv. da daatovebinon. agreTve TamaSobiT amave mayrebs qalis gayvanis

dros joxebs, talaxs esvrian im soflis axalgazrdani. am garemoebi-

dan vxedavT, rom mSvidobiani gaTxovebis drosac formalurad darCe-

nilia motacebis wesi da Cveuleba. afxazeTSi Cven vxedavT: 1) sacolos

motacebas, 2) mSvidobianad colis moyvanas iseTi wesebiT, romelic

mowmobs, rom motaceba mSvidobian qorwinebaze uZvelesia da rom maTi

SemaerTebelia idumali colis moyvanis an arapirdapir motacebis

Cveuleba.

46 47

dgeba avadmyofis win da ekiTxeba: `rogora xar?~ avad-

myofic, Tu cnoba da grZnoba dakarguli ara aqvs, upa-

suxebs: `vkvdebi~ an `iseve var~ da sxv., ris Semdeg stu-

mari anugeSebs. wasvlis dros mnaxveli xelaxla midis

avadmyofTan, Tavze xels daadebs da eubneba: `RmerTma

gulis sikeTe, janmrTeloba moganiWos an RmerTma moga-

brunos~.

avadmyofis mnaxveli, yvela Ramis mTeveli da sxv.,

aZlevs avadmyofs saeqimo rCevas, magram verc imaTma

`konsultaciam~, verc mnaxvelTa locva-kurTxevam,

verc dedabris wamlebma da misma Selocva-Sebervam da

sxvam, vTqvaT, vera uSvelara avadmyofs da igi bunebis

kanonisamebr gardaicvala. jer kidev srulad ar gamqra-

la sicocxle, roca imarTeba dedakacTa saSineli Tav-

zardamcemi kivili, romelic mTel aremares atyobinebs

avadmyofis gardacvalebas. am kivilTan da tirilTan

erTad isini loyas iRadrian, gulsa da kiserze tyavs ig-

lejen ise, rom sisxli da cremli erTad CamosdiT sax-

eze. TavfexSiSvela, gamwarebulni da garetianebulni

aqeT-iqiT daiarebian da Tavs axlian kedels, karebs an

sxva ram magar sagnebs. mamakacebic Sublsa da gulze

xels icemen da mwared bRavian. am scenis mayurebeli,

vinc micvalebulis naTesavi ar aris, rasakvirvelia,

cdilobs Seakavos motiralni, magram xSirad ramdenime

kacic ver daimagrebs xolme gaSmagebul qals: igi mainc

xelebidan usxlteba, rac Zala da Rone aqvs Tavs axlis

rasme da iqve gonebadakarguli da gulSemoyrili ecema

miwaze. bevri magaliTi yofila, rom wres gadasuli Tavis

gvemiT cocxalic zed dahkvdomodes mkvdars.

ramdenime xnis Semdeg, rodesac Wirisufalni da na-

Tesavni gonze movlen, am ojaxis mokeTeni maTTan erTad

moilaparakeben micvalebulis dasaflavebis drosa da

wesze.

Til-mamamTilTan. verc Sinaur da verc gareul ufrosT-

an coli ver ityvis qmarze `Cemi qmariao~ da verc qmari

colze _ `Cemi coliao~. rZali im skamze an taxtzed,

romelzedac zis misi dedamTil-mamamTili, ara gaWire-

baSi ar jdeba mTel Tavis sicocxleSi. me minaxavs mox-

ucebuli qvrivi, beberi dedakaci, romelsac uxsovari

droidan mkvdari hyavs dedamTil-mamamTili. es beberi

arasodes ara wveba im loginze (ficrebze), romelzedac

odesRac misi dedamTil-mamamTili wolila. krZalva da

pativiscema ufrosebisadmi ise Zlieria, rom qali ara

dReSi ar ityvis Tavisi qmris saxels, ixseniebs mxolod

nacvalsaxeliT _ `Sen~. igi ar ambobs dedamTilisa da

mamamTilis saxelebs, pirvels eZaxis `qalbatons~ da

meores _ `batons~. ar ambobs mazlebis saxelebs. maT,

saxelebis magivrad, Tavis sakuTar saxelebs daarqmevs.

ar ambobs Tavisi qmrisa da sazogadod mTeli ojaxis

gamzrdelTa saxelebs, im soflis xnier kacTa saxelebs,

im ojaxis gazrdilisasac; maTac sakuTar saxels daar-

qmevs. qmari ki marto colis saxels ar ambobs.

micvalebulis datireba

rodesac mZime avadmyofia sofelSi, afxazebi, ga-

nurCevelad wodebisa da sqesisa, ikribebian yovel Ram

avadmyofis ojaxSi `WafSara~ _ Ramis saTevad; Rames

aTeven avadmyofis winaSe simRera-cekvaSi, sxvadasxva-

nair masxroba-oxunjobaSi. amiT, rasakvirvelia, cdilo-

ben gaarTon avadmyofi da gauadvilon tanjva-wvaleb-

is atana. ase aTeven Rameebs avadmyofis mobrunebamde

an gardacvalebamde araTu amave soflis mcxovrebni,

aramed gareSe soflebisac, vinc cotaTi mainc icnobs

avadmyofs, valdebulad racxs Tavs naxos igi. mnaxveli

48 49

morTaven kivils. ezoSi maT miegebebian dayenebuli kace-

bi, romelTa movaleobaa xeli mohkidon da Seamagron

mtiralni, rom metismetad Tavi ar Seiwuxon. amis miuxe-

davad motirali mainc loyasa da kisers xeliT iglejs

da sisxlsa Rvris, saxlis erdoSi svets an kedels Tavs

axlis da naxevrad grZnobadakarguli kubos win ecema da

didxans cremlebs afrqvevs.

micvalebulis gamzrdeli da ZiZaSvilebi xSirad

gangeb am SemTxvevisaTvis gakeTebul tyavis Solts

irtyamen Tavsa da pirze... amgvarad dastirian micvale-

buls afxazebi, rogorc dasaflavebis wina dReebSi, ise

dasaflavebis dResac, rodesac iqneba sazogado da say-

ovelTao tirili. am dRes, datirebis gaTavebis Semdeg,

RvinoTi, puriT da samarxoTi umaspinZldebian Segrovil

xalxs da daRamebis droze asaflaveben12 mkvdars. mamaka-

cis samares afxazebi amoTxrian xolme welamde, dedaka-

cisas ufro mets, TiTqmis iRliamde13. micvalebulis

Casvenebis Semdeg samares ficrebiT ise amoakeTeben, rom

mkvdars miwa zevidan ar daeyaros. miwas moayrian ficrebs

da, rodesac ficrebi Calpeba, saflavic Cavardeba dab-

la. aq meti ar iqneba oriode sityva vTqva afxazebis sasa-

flaoebze. afxazeTSi sofels daniSnuli sasaflao ara

aqvs da arc eklesiasTan asaflaveben micvalebulebs.

yvela gvareulobas aqvs sakuTari sasaflao. sasaflaod

amorCeulia, sadac es SesaZlebelia, ufro maRlobi ad-

gili, borcvi da yovelTvis iseTi, romelsac sazogado

12 ojaxis ufrosis gasvenebis dros ori kaci saxlis sarTulze gadav-

lebul bawars ewevian aqeT-iqiT da amiT viTom saxls amagreben, romel-

ic Tavisi ufrosis moSorebisaTanave TiTqos danZrevasa da dangrevas

lamobs. micvalebulis gasvenebis Semdeg raki saxls ara dauSavdeba

ra, maSin gaisvrian Tofs niSnad sixarulisa. es Cveuleba, dRemdis dar-

Cenili bevrgan megrelebs Soris, Cven afxazebSiac vpoveT.

13 zogierTi afxazis azriT, es imitom, rom qali sazogadod veragi

da mzakvaria (paivan). erTi afxazuri andaza ambobs: rac gulSi gaqvs,

cols ar gaumJRavnoo; saSiSia, rom samaridanac ar amoZvres raime man-

qanebis ZaliT da amitom micvalebul qals meti miwa unda daeyaroso.

zogni amas imiTi xsnian, rom mkvdarTa aRdgomis dRes qalebs, roca wa-

modgebian, ZuZuebi ar gamouCndes da ar Sercxvneno.

Wirisuflebi, rac SeiZleba Cqara ikeraven sam-

gloviaro tanisamoss. amasTan droze gzavnian kacs

monaTesaveTa, gamzrdelTa, megobarTa da nacnobTa mo-

sawvevad, romlebic unda movidnen, itiron micvalebuli

da amiT anugeSon mwuxare ojaxi. imave soflis mcxovreb-

ni mouwveveladac valdebulad racxen TavianT Tavs

movidnen da itiron micvalebuli.

micvalebuls an micvalebulis kubos ukan mwkrivad

mousxdebian Wirisufali qalebi, SavebiT Semosilni, Tav-

fexSiSvelni, naxevrad dabdRvnilni da saxedakawrulni;

Tavze Tma gaSlili aqvT. meore mxriT moudgebian moti-

ralni. TviT tirili am wesiT xdeba: magaliTad 4-5 qali

midis satirlad; raki micvalebulis ezoSi Semovlen,

morTaven kivils, àvav~-is Zaxils. kivilis dros TiTebs

Tavze miideben, safeTqlebis zemoT da Camoatareben

loyisaken nikapamde. erTxel àvav~-is Zaxilis gaTaveba

da erTxelve TiTebis nikapamde Camotareba erTia. am-

nairadve amave pasuxs iZlevian Sinidan qalebi. am erT-

maneTis CamorTmevaSi mosuli qalebi neli nabijiT uax-

lovdebian micvalebuls da TandaTan xmas umaRleben.

rodesac Sevlen saxlSi, sadac micvalebuli asvenia, ti-

rili namdvil tirilad iqceva. moujdebian kubos, tirian

moTqma-godebiT da didxans cremlebs afrqveven... ma-

makacebi ki Sublze da gulze xelis cemiT Sedian, daiCo-

qeben micvalebulis win da ise dastirian; ramdenimejer

Sedian da gamodian... saxlis meore ganyofilebaSi dage-

bulia niSani, romelsac Seadgens micvalebulis tanisa-

mosi da iaraReuloba. micvalebulis gvamTan tirilis

gaTavebis Semdeg niSanzedac tirian... Cven ar movixse-

niebT misamZimrebas, romlis dasawyisi Semdegia: ès ar

dagmarTodaT da Cemi sikvdili gagegonaT~...

SesaniSnavia romlisame axlo naTesavisa da gan-

sakuTrebiT micvalebulis ZiZasi an ZiZaSvilis (qa-

lis) mosvla, romlebic, siSoris an sxva mizezis gamo,

sikvdils ar daswrebian. isini mTeli versis siSoreze

50 51

tirilis garda afxazebi micvalebulze aRaps ix-

dian. es meore tirili ufro SesaniSnavia pirvelze. am

SemTxvevisaTvis or-sam wilad mets xarjaven. afxazurad

am meored tirils eZaxian àfsxuvra~. sityva àfsxuvra~

rTuli sityvaa da Semdgaria sami sityvisagan: 1. afs _

suli, mkvdari, micvalebuli; 2. xu _ xvedri, jeri, rigi,

wesi da 3. zmna (a) vra _ keTeba, vakeTeb, Sesruleba da

sxva. maSasadame, TviT sityva àfsxuvra~ TargmanSi niS-

navs: micvalebulis rigis, xvedris asrulebas. marTlac,

afxazebi cdiloben am dros micvalebulis suls ara

daaklon ra: xarjaven bevrs, hklaven uricxvs saklavs,

rom suli dakmayofilebuli iyos da ara momduravi... ase

rom Tu am aRapze _ àfsxuvraze~ yovelive, fuli iyos,

gind saqoneli, rac micvalebuls uflebiT ergeboda,

ar daixarja, afxazs eSinia, rom momdurebulma mkvdris

sulma, araTu maT saqonels, aramed Tavad maTac ara av-

nos ra. auarebeli xarji, Sroma da jafa afsxuvris dros

aixsneba am rwmunebiT. amas Cven qvemoT ufro cxadad da-

vinaxavT.

afxazebi micvalebulze aRaps ixdian meore weliwads,

ufro xSirad Semodgomaze, rodesac sasmel-saWmeli

yvelgan uxvad aris. dainiSneba Tu ara dro, Wirisufle-

bi acnobeben monaTesaveTa, rom daniSnul droze movid-

nen da itiron micvalebuli. Tu Wirisuflebi apireben

aRapze marulac (doRi) gamarTon, amasac atyobineben:

visac marulad cxenebi hyavs gamowyobili, moiyvaneTo.

aRniSnul dromde maspinZlebi mzadebaSi arian, rom Rvi-

no, saklavebi Tu sxva xorageuloba sakmaod Seagrovon.

afsxuvras wina saRamoTi daageben niSans (calke karavSi

an gadaxurulSi, Tu didi aRapia), aqve erT mxares mia-

bamen micvalebulis Sekazmul cxens, samgloviaro SaviT

gadafenils; am cxenis unagirze gadakidebulia micvale-

bulis iaraRi: Tofi, dambaCa, xanjali, xmali, maTraxi da

sxv. amis gamowyobis Semdeg Wirisuflebi Camoitireben

gza uvlis. afxazeTSi mogzauri kvirdeba im garemoebiT,

rom mdebareobiT umSvenieresi da poeturi silamaziT

SesaniSnavi adgilebi usaTuod sasaflaoebs uWiravT...

mgloviarobis saqme amiT ara Tavdeba. deda, coli,

ZiZa an misi qalebi warmoadgenen metad samwuxaro sanax-

aobas. isini SavebSemosilni, fexSiSvela dila-saRamos

daiarebian saflavze satirlad; tirilSi iseT mware

da gulsaTuTq sityvebs CaurTaven, rom kacs uneburad

cremlebs mohgvris. moTqmiT tirilSi qalebi esaubre-

bian mkvdars, viT cocxals: mouTxroben Tavis Tavga-

dasavals da gaWirvebas; sTxoven raime sityva gadascen

sxva micvalebuls, arigeben, Sesaferisi pativiT moepy-

ron `batonebs~, magaliTad, uwin gardacvalebul `gaz-

rdilebs~; ekiTxebian an nebarTvas sTxoven sxvadasxva

saqmeebze da pasuxsac namdvilad moelian sulis gamocx-

adebiT sizmrebSi an sxvafriv. ase grZeldeba òrmo-

camde~, an ukeT `SabaTis rigamde~.

am dromde awyvia saxlSi niSani da Tu iseTi kaci mov-

ida, romelsac ar utiria micvalebuli, atireben niSanze

calke da saflavze calke. am dromde _ da xSirad mTeli

wlis ganmavlobaSi _ afxazebi micvalebulisaTvis

mis jer sasmel-saWmels yovel vaxSam-sadilobis dros

dgamen calke sufraze. meormoce dRes an gardacvaleb-

is Semdeg erT-erT SabaTs, micvalebuls ukeTeben `Saba-

Tis rigs~, cxvarsa da sxva saxsnilos. am dRes micvale-

bulis Wirisuflebs, romlebic marxulobdnen, aWmeven

saxsnilos. zogni ki (magaliTad, deda, ZiZa) mTeli wlis

ganmavlobaSiac marxuloben. isec moxdeba xolme, rom

sanam vinme marxulobs erTi micvalebulis samgloviar-

od, amasobaSi moukvdeba meorec, romlisaTvisac calke

Savs icvams da marxvasac iwyebs. am saxiT ara erT da or

dedasa da ZiZas gautarebia zedized ramdenime weliwadi

niadag marxvaSi.

52 53

àfsxuvras~ ufro samxiarulo xasiaTi aqvs, vidre sam-

gloviaro. amnairad, grovdeba didZali xalxi. rodesac

met motirals aRaravis moelian, SuadRis droze moxsnian

cxens, romelzedac, rogorc zemoT iyo naTqvami, gadak-

idebulia micvalebulis iaraRi, daiWers vinme mgloviare

Wirisufali da dgeba mindorze: irgvliv Semoertymian,

erTis mxriT, mamakacni da, meores mxriT, dedakacni. Wir-

isufali wris SigniT irgvliv samjer Semoatarebs cxens,

romelsac ukan mosdeven Wirisufali qalebi da kacebi

SavebSi Semosilni, TavfexSiSvela, gaSlili TmebiTa da

mware tiriliT. mamakacebi gulsa da pirze xels icemen;

uricxvi qalebi, romlebic, rogorc exla vTqviT, wris

naxevars Seadgenen, orad gaiyofebian da CamorTmeviT

amboben àvavs~. es ceremonia manamde gagrZeldeba, san-

am cxens wridan ar waiyvanen. cxeni gahyavT wridan da es

imas niSnavs, rom ikargeba ukanaskneli niSani da simbolo

micvalebulisa, TviT micvalebuli, romelic aq TiTqos

uxilavad imyofeboda; amitom kivili, godeba da mwux-

areba WirisufalTa adis umaRles wertilamde. am scenis

dasrulebis Semdeg daiwyeba meore, romelsac namdvili

salxino da samxiarulo xasiaTi aqvs da ara samglovia-

ro, rogorc pirvels hqonda. cisqveS sufraze daawyoben

xorcsa da sxvadasxvagvar purs, Rvinosa da xileulobas.

aq Tqven dainaxavT sxvadasxva formisa da gemovnebis

saWmelebs: xedavT yvelisagan gamoqnil staqnebs, kovzs,

saTiTursa da sxvas; aqve iqneba dadgmuli yvela Se-

mosili kelaptrebi. rodesac mRvdeli aasrulebs Tav-

is rigsa da akurTxebs amas (umRvdeloba am SemTxvevaSi

mainca da mainc araviTar danakliss ar Seadgens, sakmaoa

ojaxis ufrosma micvalebulis suls mimarTos Sesaferi

sityviT da TxovniT, rasac qvemoT davinaxavT), dasvamen

Segrovil xalxs gadaxurulSi (an cis qveS, CrdiloSi) da

sadils aWmeven.

amodena xalxis pativiscema advili ar aris, magram

afxazebma erTmaneTis Semweoba ician; araTu mezoblebi,

saflavsa da niSanze. maTi tirilis gagonebaze axlo na-

Tesavebica da Soreulebic modian satirlad. ai, es su-

raTic: Tqven hxedavT ramdenime kacs orisave sqesisas,

samgloviaro tanisamosSi, fexSiSvelas da TmagaSlils.

mamakacebic naTesavis sikvdilis gamo jer moiparsaven

Tavze Tmas da Semdeg gamouSveben da, rogorc dedakacni,

daiarebian dawnuli TmiT. fexiT Tu cxeniT momavalT

mohyavT erTi an ori xari, vis ra ergeba da SeuZlia,

SaviT gadafenili, erTi an ramdenime saklavi cxvari.

moaqvT sxvadasxva tkbileuloba, Taflsa da erboSi ga-

keTebuli, mawoni da sxv.14 erT maTgans uWiravs kelap-

tari, romelic warmoadgens xes, zed akravs mitkali mw-

vaned SeRebil, damdnar wminda sanTelSi amovlebuli; am

joxs aqa-iq mikeTebuli aqvs ufro wvrili joxebi, amna-

iradve gadakruli, da warmoadgens xis StoTa msgavsebas.

am Stoebis wverze mibmulia sxvadasxva feris materiis

naWrebi, romelic, rogorc xis foTlebi, ubralo niavis

qrolis drosac irxevian aqeT-iqiT... Tu RamiTaa mosvla,

maSin am kelaptarze ramdensame alagas mikrul sanTlebs

ukidia, agreTve xarebis orTave rqebze mikrulsac anTe-

ben. am saxiT zaris TqmiTa da nelis nabijiT es mwuxare

procesia Semodis ezoSi, sadac mas miegebebian wesisame-

br. aq ki qalebi Cveulebrivad rigze daiwyeben tirils,

xolo mamakacni Tavisi wesiT. sazogadod aRapzedac

TviT tirilis wesi iseTivea, rogorc zemoT aRvwereT.

wina Rames hklaven saklavebs, rogorc moyvanilebs, ise

maspinZlisagan damzadebulebs da dakvlis dros amboben:

èZlevis sulsa Sensa~. meore dResac, rodesac namdvili

aRapia, amnairadve modian naTesavebi. am dRes dastirian

micvalebuls, garda monaTesaveTa, megobrebi, mezoble-

bi, nacnobni da sul gareSenic ki, romelnic modian mx-

olod dros gasatareblad, radgan, rogorc davinaxavT,

14 yvela amas saerTod (sazogadod sulis dasaklavs da sxva Sesawiravs)

afxazurad hqvian àfsaTat [afsaTatv]~ _`sulis misacemi~.

54 55

daaqvT cal-calke da rodesac erTni daiRlebian, sx-

vebi TamaSoben. aRapze sxvanairadac TamaSoben cxeniT

afxazebi: cxenebis erTimeoreze dajaxeba, cxenis ukana

fexebzed Seyeneba, gaWenebuli cxenidan TeTri fulis

miwidan aReba da sxv., niSanSi srolac ician.

aRapze afxazeTSi xSirad imarTeba marula (doRi).

Tu aRapi didia, maSin wina dRes iqneba egreT wodebuli

lafSebis, e.i. gamouwyobeli cxenebis Weneba; xolo meore

dRes imarTeba namdvili marula gamowyobil cxenebisa,

romlebsac afxazebi amzadeben mTeli ori Tve. dainiSne-

ba Tu ara manZili Wenebisa da misacemi (afxazebi saCuqrad

iZlevian micvalebulis cxens an sxva saqonels, an ram-

densame `xak~ e.i. alab an wyrTa CiTeulobas), gamohyavT

marula cxeni zurgze nabad an wiTelmaudgadafarebu-

li. Semoikribebian erTad yvela amis momxreni da zaris

TqmiT, dambaCebis sroliT gasweven aRniSnul adgilas.

marulaze Semjdomi 8_9 wlis ymawvili, wiTlad Semosi-

li, welze yabalax Semortymuli, iqiTobas cxenis zurg-

ze ukan Semoudgeba vismes, midis da saSinlad gahkivis

da winaswarmetyvelobs, Cemi marula gaimarjvebso; ase

sxvebic, marulaTa momxreni, naxevari versis manZilze

erTi-meorisagan Camodgebian gzis pirze. rodesac daR-

lili gamoqceuli marula cxeni moaRwevs pirvelamde,

es aRvirs mxrebze gadaigdebs da Tavisi jer dauRalavi

Zlieri cxeniT miiyvans meoremde da amas Caabarebs, esec

mesames da sxv. pirvelad mosvlas dambaCebis sroliT

ixareben. cxadia, pirveli jildos mogeba marto cxenis

Tvisebebsa da viTarebaze ar aris damokidebuli, aramed

momxreebzedac. marulas Semdeg saRamoze iqneba erTi

ukanaskneli da gacxarebuli TamaSoba, ris Semdeg xalxi

iSleba. Cveni aRwerilobidan cxadia, rom `afsxuvras~

ufro mxiaruli xasiaTi aqvs da marTlac afxazebs es

miaCniaT saukeTeso dros gasatareblad, sadac yvela

(visac ki misvla SeuZlia) upirveles sasmel-saWmels Re-

monaTesaveni, gazrdilni im ojaxisa msaxuroben da Ta-

darigs iZlevian, aramed mTlad im soflis mcxovrebni

maspinZlebad iTvlebian, emsaxurebian da pativsa scemen

Soreulebsa da gareSe soflelebs. gazrdili am ojax-

is an gvareulobisa TviTonac msaxurobs da trialebs,

rogorc ukanaskneli mosamsaxure. sxvadasxva saWmlebis

Semdeg moaqvT sufraze rZeSi moxarSuli brinji, Tafl-

iTa da mawoniT.

nasadilevs cxenosnebi iwyeben cxeniT TamaSs,

romelic bevrad waagavs saSualo saukuneebis evropel

raindTa turnirebs. mSvenieri sqesis warmomadgenelTa-

gan gatenilia saxlis aivani (Tu aivniania saxli an facxis

derefani). axalgazrda cxenosnebi, maT winaSe Sejgufe-

bulni, cdiloben gamoiCinon sityva-pasuxi moswrebuli

laparakiT, xolo cxenosnobiT _ vaJkacoba. aq araerTx-

el vardeba axalgazrda qal-vaJTa gulSi pirveli naper-

wkali siyvarulisa. umTavresi cxeniT TamaSi _`TarCia~,

SemdegSi mdgomareobs: erTi romelime cxenosani Rebu-

lobs maspinZlebisgan, da ara iSviaTad `uumSvenieresis

qalis xelidan~, CiTis naWrebs, Sekeril wuRebs, akinZul

wabls an sxva rames da miiRebs, Tu ara `TarCeis~, gaaWen-

ebs cxens; sxvebi imas gamoekidebian, rom SeaCeron da

gamoarTvan `TarCei~, magram pirveli, win mrbeni cxenis

gandagan, aqeT-iqiT trialiT cdilobs, Tavi ar daaWeri-

nos. ukana mdevnelnic, TavianTi mxriT, cdiloben, cx-

enebs gamoaCeninon mTeli Tavisi Zal-Rone da rogorme

moewion. amasobaSi gaismis maTraxebis saSineli tkaca-

tkuci. cxenosani, Tu daiWeren, maSin `TarCeis~ damW-

ers aZlevs da exla mas gamoekidebian; Tu ver daiWeren,

maSin igi brundeba, saidanac gamoiqca, gamarjvebulic

aris da darwmunebulia kidec, rom umSvenieresi qalebis

yuradRebac miipyro. Semdeg `TarCei~ miaqvT sxvebs. yve-

la moTamaSe rom erTs gamoekideba, maSin aseTi TamaSi

SeuZlebeli iqneboda, magram moTamaSe bevria, `TarCei~

56 57

ki vityviT, rom afxazebis rwmenani warmoadgenen axal

ilustracias amave Teoriisas. Cven daviwyebT laparaks

mkvdris sulze.

afxazs swams, rom kacis cxovreba marto saaqaoTi ar

sruldeba, aramed igi grZeldeba saiqioSiac, `gaRmac~.

me imazedac aras vityvi aq, Tu rogora aqvs warmodgeni-

li afxazs samoTxe an jojoxeTi. me minda vTqva mxolod

ra Sexedulebisaa igi micvalebulis sulze.

afxazis rwmeniT, adamianis gardacvalebis Semdegac

misi suli cxovrobs, da ufro xSirad, iq, sadac gvamia

damarxuli, e.i. saflavSi da mis midamoSi. rodesac afx-

azi wyalSi ixrCoba, marto misi gvamis moZebna da dama-

rxva ar kmara, aramed sulic unda amoixmon, amoiyvanon

wylidan da CauSvan iq, sadac gvamia dasaflavebuli.

amas afxazebi am saxiT asruleben: wylis orive napirze

im alagas, saidanac amoiRes gvami, ikribebian mravalni

qalni da kacni. wyalze daiWeren erTi napiridan meorem-

de gawvdenil abreSumis Zafs anu sirmas, romelzedac

Camohkideben Tavmoxsnil gudas ise, rom wylis zedapirs

idnav exebodes. amasobaSi qalebi am SemTxvevis hangs Con-

gurze daukraven da daamRereben. kacebic qalebTan er-

Tad mRerian. Conguris xmasa da mReraSi micvalebulis

suli, afxazis azriT, amodis wylidan da Sedis gudaSi,

romelsac ucbad Tavs moukraven. aqedan es `suliT~

gaberili guda imave mxiarulebiT miaqvT saflavze, Tavs

moxsnian da suls saflavSi CauSveben.

mkvdris saflavze, romelsac afxazebi SemozRu-

daven RobiT, xSirad mSvenier xis Senobas gaakeTeben

yavriT daxuruls, Tumca ki TviTon facxaSi cxovro-

ben. ufro axali micvalebulis saflavze mogzauri xe-

davs sxvadasxva xileulobas: vaSls, msxals, atams, bias,

yurZens, kitrebs, nesvis da sazamTros naWrebs da sxv.

am Cveulebidan Cans, rom afxazi mkvdars cocxalis ms-

gavsad uyurebs; magaliTad, rom mkvdris suli cocx-

bulobs zomierad da ara gadaWarbebiT, rogorc es aris

lxinze, da saukeTeso Tvalis seirsac hxedavs. afxazeTSi

Semodgomis pirveli naxevari SesaniSnavia aRapebiT.

religiuri rwmenani afxazTa

religia afxazTa. _ micvalebulTa sulni. _

mzakvarni. _ WeSmariti RmerTi. _ misi afxazuri

saxelwodeba anca [ancva]. _ etimologia da

mniSvneloba am sityvisa. _ warmarToba. _ `gamCen-

gamomWedelni~

dRes umravlesoba afxazTa qristianobas aRiarebs,

umciresoba ki mahmadianobas misdevs, magram rogorc

erTni, ise meorenic namdvilad ki am ukanasknels drom-

dis warmarTni ufro arian. afxazebis warmarTul sarw-

munoebaze, etyoba, didi gavlena da zemoqmedeba hqonia

mahmadianobasa da ufro qristianobas. es sami sarwmu-

noeba erTmaneTSi areulia, magram imdenad ki vera, rom

imaTi gancalkeveba, gamoyofa da gamocnoba erTmaneTi-

sagan SesaZlo ar iyos. bevri warmarTuli rwmena dResac

aqa-iq wmindad da mtkiced aris daculi.

ori umTavresi da udidebulesi muxli yoveli eris

religiisa imaSi mdgomareobs, rom swams ukvdavi sulis,

rogorc xorcisagan gansxvavebuli arsebis, an RvTis

yofna-arseboba. am saxiT Cven jer vilaparakebT am sa-

ganze.

Cven imas ver gamovekidebiT exla, Tu ra faqtebi da

mizezi aiZulebs afxazs swamdes sulis arseboba; erTis

sityviT, Cven mxedvelobaSi ara gvaqvs mokled mainc

SevexoT egreT wodebul sulTa Teorias (anu animal-

izmis Teorias), romliTac ubralod xsnian barbaros-

ebis yvela religiur rwmunebas. mxolod sazogadod

58 59

afxazebis warmodgeniT, aRniSnul dReebSi, sxvaTa

Soris, mkvdrebi modian cocxal naTesavebTan da iq imyo-

febian uxilavad. ase gasinjeT, rogorc zemomoyvanili

sityvebidan Cans, maT SeZlebiaT iaxlon an moiyvanon

gareSe mkvdrebic. Tu maspinZlebi Sesaferad daxvdebi-

an, e.i. Tu karg tablas daaxvedreben, maSin kmayofilni

darCebian da marTlac Semweni iqnebian cocxalTaTvis,

Tu arada, metad mavnebelni da mazaralebelni. pirvel

SemTxvevaSi, sulebs TavianT tolebTan dabrunebisas

SeuZliaT, daikvexon aseTi pativiscemiT, meore SemTx-

vevaSi ki, e.i. Tu sulebma Sesaferi pativiscema ver mi-

iRes, gulmosulni da gamwyralni brundebian da TavianT

tol mkvdrebs, roca isini ikiTxaven, rogor migiRes na-

Tesavebmao, iSovneT rame Tu arao, upasuxeben: `ras viS-

ovnidiT, roca isinic CvensaviT mkvdrebi yofilan~. ase-

Ti ficxeli ganCinebis Semdeg, is ojaxi sikeTes ar unda

moelodes: iq, afxazis rwmeniT, amoixoceba ramdenime

kaci. maSasadame, sibraluli ki ara, ufro SiSi aiZulebs

afxazs mkvdrebs yovelwlobiT uxados vali.

sazogadod, roca moisurvebs, mkvdris suli amodis

saflavidan da daiareba aqeT-iqiT; xSirad suli modis

naTesavebis saxlis maxloblad da iwyebs stvenas, am dros

Rvinos gadausxamen an rames gadaugdeben, raTa moiSo-

ron da moimadlieron. mkvdarTa sulebi ufro RamiT

daiarebian da ustvenen. am dros isini xSirad sasaflaos

gverdze gamvlels gamoekidebian stveniT. aseT rwmena-

SexedulebaTa dasasuraTeblad vilaparakoT cota xans

TviT afxazebis piriT.

ai, ras mogviTxroben isini:

1) narTi sesryva [sasriyva] metad gamoCenili vaJkaci

iyo. erT brZolasa da TavdasxmaSi man dakarga asi Tavisi

moZme narTeli (narTaa). narTi sesryva adga, auarebeli

saklavi, _ xari da verZi daxoca, Sesaferi saWmel-sas-

meli gaakeTa da erTad daxocil as kacTaTvis mSvenieri

alsaviT cotaoden saWmel-sasmels saWiroebs, xileu-

lobas da sxv. samareze deben, rom gamvlelma Wamos,

suli daulocos da amiT madli SesZinos mkvdars. safla-

vze dawyobil xilsa da saWmels afxazebi sazogadod ar

sWamen, imitom ki ara, rom kacs avnebs, aramed imitom,

rom umTavresi gemo da sitkbo aseTi xilisa an saWmlisa

gamowuwnulia sulisagan. erTi sityviT, saWmels gemo

aRara aqvs. qvemomoyvanili Cveulebidan ufro naTlad

Cans afxazebis warmodgena am saganze. afxazebi sikvdi-

lis dRidan TiTqmis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi micvale-

bulis jers deben calke tablad yovel sadiloba-vaxS-

mobis droze (mahmadianuri Cveuleba). garda aRapisa da

`SabaTis rigisa~, afxazi yovelwlobiT amzadebs tablas

Tavis micvalebulTa mosaxseneblad: xorcielis SabaTs

Zvel micvalebulTaTvis, mis wina SabaTs _ axlebisaT-

vis. satablo saklavis dakvlis dros saxlis ufrosi,

moabrunebs ra marjvniv, ambobs: `Tu saiqioba (gaRmoba)

aris, eZleva sulsa Sensa~. rodesac yvelaferi mzadaa da

sufraze dalagebuli, igi ufrosi moudgeba sufras da

mimarTavs TxovniT mkvdrebs: `mkvdrebo! Tqveni sulis

madli mogvaniWe, sikvdiliT zians nu dagvmarTebT, Cven

gvimateT, Cvens saqonels umateT, Tqvens Semweobasa da

mfarvelobas nu mogvaklebT~ da sxv. xis Samfurs jvaris

saxed gadausvams dawyobil saWmlebs da ambobs: `yove-

live es, cecxlisa da wylis meoxebiT gakeTebuli, Tu sai-

qioba aris, eZleva Tqvens sulebs~. amis Semdeg am bolo

winadadebis TqmiT WiqiT Rvinosac svams, aiRebs kidev

Romis natexs, gul-RviZlidan da sxva asoebidan moTlil

pawawina xorcis naWrebs Sig Caawebebs, cota Rvinosac

CaawveTebs da Semdeg karSi gadaagdebs am sityvebiT: `es

ki Tqven gqondeT mxlebelno, momyolno sulno~. aqedan

Cven vxedavT, rom mkvdris sulis cxonebasa da Sendobas

bevrs ar daeZebs afxazi. aramed, piriqiT, imaT mimar-

Taven TxovniT.

60 61

3) erTi kaci, rogorc ufrosi Zma, yovelwlobiT ze-

moaRniSnul dros Zveli micvalebulebis sulTaTvis

tablas akeTebda. erT weliwads gaifiqra: yovelwlobiT

me vklav saklavs, Zmebi ki Semweobas ar maZleveno; wleuls

arc saklavs davklav, arca ras davxarjavo. movida dro

tablisa da am kacma marTlac Tavi mianeba, Tumca coli

ki exveweboda: nu vizamT magas, Torem micvalebulTa

sulebi sikeTes ar dagvayriano, da amasobaSi marTlac _

daxe micvalebulTa sulebis Zlierebas_Sinidan gamo-

vardnili ZaRliT uecrad SeSinebuli mozveri daeca da

marjvena TeZo moimtvria. maSin ki aSkarad dainaxes, ra

Zneli ram yofila mkvdris sulis rigis ausrulebloba.

4) sof. moqvis micvalebulni dasaflavebulni arian

zemoT, xolo morkulisa _ qvemoT. moqvelebi yovelw-

lobiT rigs usrulebdnen TavianT mkvdrebs, morkule-

lebi _ ara. amitom moqvis mkvdrebi dacinviT Camo-

sZaxebdnen morkulas mkvdrebs: `vera ris mSovnelno!~

`rodesac TviTon iSovnian (viTom Cveni naTesavnio),

Cvenc mogvcemen,~ _ upasuxebdnen meoreni. es micvale-

bulebi ikribebodnen erTad RamiT da dros simReriTa

da cekviT atarebdnen. diliT ara erTsa da ors unaxavs

naTlad irgvliv maTi pawawina fexebiT cekvis dros da-

JeJili balaxi15. mkvdris suli, afxazis warmodgeniT,

qondris kacs moagonebs adamians.

magram araTu mxolod mkvdarTa sulni, sulni cocx-

alTanic SemZlebelni arian xandisxan iaron iqiT-aqeT

da vnebac miayenon vinmes an rames, Tu yvela kacisa ara,

zogTa mainc aseTni arian. Cven vambobT mzakvrebsa da

kudianebze, romelTac wyali ar CasZiravT da SeuZliaT,

ZuZuebidan rZe gamoswovon adamians da ufro patarebs

gul-RviZli amoacalon da sxv. maT hyavT ufrosi rosk-

ipi [unda iyos: rokapi. afxazurad arupap], romelic

15 am alags afxazebi uwodeben mkvdrebis sacekvao alags (afscar

kvaSarTa) [afscva rkvaSrTa].

aRapi (afsxu) gadaixada. Semdeg erT brZolaSi TviTonac

mokles. sad an rogor aravin ar icoda. erTma misma me-

gobarTaganma Tqva, rom narTi sesryvas saflavi unda

movZebno da davitiroo. mravali Zebnisa da wvalebis

Semdeg miagno, itira, ivalala. Ramem moaswro, sofeli

axlo arsad iyo, saflavis maxloblad muxis ZirSi Ramis

gasaTevad miiZina, cxenic iqve miaba. naxa sizmari: asni

erTad moklulni `gaRma~ mSvenier mdgomareobaSi arian,

araTu TviTon, stumrebsac mSvenieri sasmel-saWmliT

umaspinZldebian, cxenebsac Sesaferad inaxaven. narTi

sesryva da misi cxeni mSieri daiareboda da stumris

miRebas saidanRa SeZlebda. TiToeuli im asi narTelT-

agani TiTo lukma Romsa da TiTo naWer xorcs awvdida

da gulma veRar mouTmina da hkiTxa: `sesryva, saaqaoSi

Senze ukeTesi aravin iyo da saiqioSi ra dagemarTa, rom

erTi stumris Senaxvac ver SegZlebiao?~ narTma sesry-

vam upasuxa: `stumari raRaTi Sevinaxo, rodesac me Tvi-

Ton yvelafers sxvisgan vnaTxovrobo.~ roca gamoeRviZa

mZinares, mixvda saqme raSi iyo. imdeni ecada, Cinebuli

aRapi gadauxada... amis Semdeg kvlav naxa sizmari: exla ki

narTi sesryva, rogorc ekadreboda, mSvenier mdgomare-

obaSi iyo Tavadac da stumrebsac kargad umaspinZlde-

boda. ai, ra mniSvneloba aqvs aRaps _ `afsxus~.

2) gzaze ori kaci midioda. erTs mihqonda guda-

Si Cadebuli metad msuqani gatyavebuli vaci (albaT,

naqurdali iqneboda). saRamo Jams aedevna viRac kaci

stveniT, aragziT aRar Sordeboda. am dros tvirTo-

sani miubrunda da eubneba: daikarge Cemgan, ra gindao da

arxeinad ganagrZo gza, magram suli mainc ar Sordeba.

maSin Tanamgzavri eubneba Tavis amxanags: mouWeri cota

xorci, gadaugde da mogSordebao. Tumca pirvelad ar

daujera, magram bolos mainc iZulebuli gaxda amxanagis

rCeva mieRo da, rawams xorcis naWeri gadaugdo, stvenac

maSinaTve Sewyda.

62 63

iyo, gapirovaneba da gaRmerTeba bunebis movlenaTa da

adamianis moqmedebaTa mis umTavres Tvisebas Seadgens

laJvardovani ca, romelic dRe da Ram ganuwyvetliv

dedamiwas dascqeris, xan mrisxaned moqruxuli, xan ki

moWedili uricxvi mokamkame varskvlavebiT an damSve-

nierebuli qveynis manaTobeli mziT; TviT qveyana, es

`dedamiwa~, es marTlac deda da wyaro yoveli sikeTisa

da uxvebisa adamianisaTvis; TviT mze, es `Tvali cisa~,

maTbobeli da manaTobeli qveynisa; `Ramis guSagi~ _

badri mTovare, nela mcuravi cis kamaraze, ukumyreli

da gamfantavi Ramis wyvdiadisa; SiSis zardamcemi mrisx-

ane griali mexisa; qari, xan saamod mSvidi da wynari, xan

ki muqariT mxeciviT Rriala; cisartyela _ es feradi

zoli, romelic ase lamazad zecas gaekvris, TiTqos mar-

Tlac cis sartyeli ariso; xe, tye, mindori da sxvadasxva

yvela gapirovnebuli hyavda afxazsa da miaCnda RmerTe-

bad zogi im sargeblobisa gamo da zogic im vnebisaTvis,

romelTac isini aniWebdnen da mouvlendnen adamians.

erTis sityviT, erTni SiSisa da krZalvis mizeziT arian

pativsacemni, meoreni _ niSnad madlobisa.

cotaodeni gansxvavebiT calke dganan meore gvaris

RmerTebi: adamianis sxvadasxva moqmedebaTa, warmoebaTa

da xelosnobaTa gapirovanebani da, maSasadame, maTi ze-

damxedvelni, amaTi RmerTni. am mxriv, radgan Tamamad

SesaZloa iTqvas, rom afxazebi aqnobamdisac ki imyofe-

bodnen mwyemsobrul xanaSi, maT miTologiaSi pirveli

alagi uWiravs saqonlis zedamxedvels aiTar-s (aiTar

laba _ aiTaris joxi, mwyemsis joxi), magram miwis muSao-

bac aris gaRmerTebuli da am Wirnaxulis gapirovanebas

hqvian, rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT, anafanaga, futkri-

sas _ anana gunda, mWedlobisas _ SaSa da sxv.

yvela amgvari rwmenani da Sexedulebani afxazebisa

darCenilia da Cans ufro im religiuri wesebisa da cer-

emoniebisagan, romlebsac bevrni dResac aRasruleben

cxovrobs zemoT, sadRac tabakonas mTaze. mzakvrebi

erTgulebisa da Zlierebisdagvarad dayofilni arian

xarisxebad. umcrosni Sejdebian Tagvze, bayayze, kataze,

ufrosni _ melaze, mgelze da sxv. mzakvrebi movaleni

arian yovel mariamobiswina Rames Tavi moiyaron zemox-

senebul tabakonas mTaze roskipis winaSe da warudginon

mTeli wlis Tavisi moqmedebis angariSi. aqve unda war-

moudginon roskips adamianTa an saqonlis guli, RviZli,

Tvali, frCxili, Tma da sxv. radgan mzakvrebi, rogorc

vxedavT, xelcarielni ver gamoCndebian roskipis winaSe,

isini mTeli mariamobis marxvaSi da mariamobiswina dReeb-

Si gansakuTrebiT ase gaxelebulni daiarebian kacTa

savneblad da sazaralod. magram aramzakvarma afxazma es

kargad icis da cdilobs sxvadasxva saSualebiT (jvaris

amarTva, TmaSi sanTlis miwebeba) Tavi daicvas maTi vne-

bisagan, xolo mariamobis wina Rames Tofis srolas, sim-

Rerasa da garTobaSi mRviZared aTevs Rames; Tumca mzak-

vari (kudiani) mariamobiswina RamiT aqeT-iqiT dadis an

tabakonas mTaze imyofeba. erTi da igive mzakvari erTsa

da imave dros cxadad unaxavT viTom mgelze mjdomare,

magram imave dros igi yofila Tavis tol ubralo ada-

mianTa Sorisac. amitom afxazi fiqrobs, rom mzakvari

erTianad ki ar daiareba, aramed dadis samzakvrod misi

suli, anu ufro swored rom vTqvaT, misi meti suli (af-

sWda) [afsWida].

afxazebs aqvT qristianobisagan miRebuli da SeT-

visebuli warmodgena erT arsebiTsa da qveynis Semomqmed

RmerTze, magram es warmodgena Zlier bundovnad da

bnelad aqvT gamoxatuli. Tu Cven xSirad gvesmis sity-

va RmerTi (anca) [ancva], es ufro enis, sityvis gasamSve-

niereblad da Sesamkoblad ixmareba, vidre sagnad reli-

giuris rwmenisa da Tayvanebisa.

warmarTuli sarwmunoeba ki afxazebisa aris mraval-

RmerTovani (poliTeisturi) da, rogorc mosalodnelic

64 65

magaliTebi warmoadgenen. sityva anca [ancva] mravlo-

biTis ricxvisa rom ar yofiliyo, araviTar SemTxvevaSi

SesaZlebeli ar iqneboda moxsenebuli afxazuris enis

kanonis ZaliT zemore moyvanili kunstruqcia: `anca r

mzz~ [ancva rimziz], e.i. mravlobiTi ricxvis maCvenebeli

r mxolobiTisaTvis xmarebuli. erTaderTi sityvis Se-

mobruneba, romelic SesaZloa imaSi mdgomareobdes,

rom sityva anca [ancva] iqneba, rogorc mxolobiT, ise

mravlobiTSiac, erTgvarad ixmarebodes, e.i. iqneba igi

ar ibrunebodes, magram amgvar gamokamaTebas arc logi-

kuri da arc gramatikuli fasi da safuZveli ar uZevs.

sityva RmerTi, rodesac igi aRniSnavs sazogadod cne-

bas RmerTze, yvela enaze ibruneba orsave ricxviT, Tuki

enis kanoniT SesaZloa misi brunva. afxazur sityvas an-

ca-s [anc-va] araviTari damabrkolebeli mizezi ar miuZ-

Rvis am mxriv17.

amgvarad, sityva an-ca [anc-va] dgas mravlobiT ricx-

vSi da, rom mravlobiTi ricxvis daboloeba movaSo-

roT, darCeba an _ deda. erTi sityviT, Tanamedrove si-

tyva an-ca [anc-va] (`RmerTi~) warmosdga sityvisagan an,

romelic niSnavs dedas, da, maSasadame, zemoT moyvanili

fraza: ̀ anca r mzz~ [ancva rimziz], ufro swore iqneba ga-

davTargmnoT: `dedaTa (RmerTTa) mizezi~.

am salingvistiko mosazrebaze, rac Cven WeSmarite-

bad migvaCnia, bevrs arafers ar vamyarebT afxazebis

pirvandeli religiis gamokvlevis saqmeSi. CvenTvis am

droebiT isic sakmaoa, rom sityviT anca [ancva] sul sxva

igulisxmeboda uwin, vidre exla, da rom enamac daamtki-

ca istoriulni cnobani imis Sesaxeb, rom afxazebis re-

ligia uZvelesi droidan iyo poliTeisturi. xolo war-

17 mravalobiTi ricxvis daboloeba afxazT enaze aris: ca [cva] an qva.

sxvaTa Soris, roca sityva mxolobiT ricxvSi bolovdeba imave ca[cva]-Ti, maSin igi iRebs mravlobiTSi meore dabolovebas (qva); mag.: aca [acva] _ tyavi; acaqva [acvaqva]_ tyavebi; anca [ancva] _ RmerTi; ancaqva [an-

cvaqva] _ RmerTebi.

da romelTac Cven salocavebs vuwodebT. salocavTa aR-

werilobas Cven Semdeg SevudgebiT da exla ki erT wuTs

kidev davubrundebiT `RmerTis~ afxazur saxelwode-

bas.

RmerTi afxazurad, rogorc vTqviT, aris anca [an-

cva]. es sityva, Cveni azriT, aris mravlobiTi ricxvi si-

tyvisa an _ deda (nan-a). formalurad (gramatikulad)

aq araviTari Secdoma ar aris, mxolod sityva an (deda)

mravlobiT ricxvSi anca [ancva] da RmerTic anca [ancva],

e.i. garCeva xmis awevaSia (kveTeba), romelic pirvel si-

tyvaSi (dedebi) xvdeba bolodgan meore a-ze, meore si-

tyvaSi ki (RmerT-Si) bolodgan pirvels a-ze. magram arc

amaSia mainca da mainc didi gansxvaveba am or sityvas

Soris, radgan sityva anca [ancva] _ RmerTi, gamoiTqmis

laparakSi imave xmis aweviT, rogorc sityva `dedebi~.

magram Cven gvaqvs meore safuZveli Cveni mosazrebis

dasamtkiceblad. sxvadasxva salocavTa Seswavlisa da

Sekrebis dros Cven wavawydiT Semdeg frazas: `anca r

mzz~ [ancva rimziz]_ RvTis brali, mizezi. msxvilad

dawerili r, rac unda iyos igi16, mxolod mravlobiTi

ricxvis mesame piris pirovanTa nacvalsaxelT daerT-

vis, anu mravlobiTisave ricxvis saxelTa arsebiTTa,

mesame piris formiT xmarebulTa, da saxelni arsebiTni

xom am saxiT ixmarebian ufro xSirad enaSi. maSasadame,

r ricxvSi eTanxmeba damokidebulebas sityvebTan, rom-

lebic aRniSnaven saxelebs anu nivTebs, romelTame nivT-

Ta mqoneTa, xolo, ra Tqma unda, qonebuli anu kuTvnili

nivTi, anu piri SesaZloa, erTic iyos, rasac SeniSvnis

16 igi aris Semoklebuli forma mravlobiTi ricxvis mesame piris

kuTvnilobiTi nacvalsaxelisa rt [rtvi] (ra aris, saidan da rogor

warmosdga es, amaze exla sityvas veRar gavagrZelebT). ai magaliTebi:

urT r Sy [urT riSyu]_ maT maTi (Tavisi) wigni _ maTi wigni; awlaqva r

moxuruqva [awlaqva rmaxvarqva] _ xeebi maTi (TavianTi) totebi _ xeTa

totebi; urT r bJ [urT ribJi] _ imaT maTi (TavianTi) xma _ imaTi xma;

aZbaca r xSv [aZbacva rixSiv] _ msajulTa Wkua; aTfhaca r kasqva [aTif-

hacva rkasqva] _ qalebis Tavsaxuravebi; axiSca r Saqi [axiScva rSvaqi] _ mwyemsTa Tofi.

66 67

sayuradReboa agreTve: àSaca-Cafaca~ [aSacva-Ca-

facva] _ `gamCenni-gamomsaxvelni~ (gamomWedelni), si-

tyvani agreTve mravlobiTi ricxvisani, radgan es `gam-

Ceni-gamomsaxavi~ erTi ar aris, aramed ori, anu mravali.

qristianuli swavliT eseni angelozebad arian gadaq-

ceulni. am `gamCen-gamomsaxavTa~ mier ibadeba yoveli

àxali suli~. dabadebisaTanave isini uweren axalda-

badebuls sicocxlisa da sikvdilis dros da viTarebas,

erTi sityviT, isini aZleven yovel suls Sublis weras

(laxinwra), bedis sawerels. afxazi darwmunebulia,

rom adamianis Sublze sweria misi bedis sawereli da es

yvelas SeuZlian naxos TvaliTac. gamCen-gamomsaxavTa

gadawyvetileba da ganCineba aucilebelia. Cven SeniSv-

naSi mogvyavs erTi ambavi afxazebisa amis dasasuraTe-

bladve20.

ara nakleb sainteresoa agreTve eSmakis saxeli afxa-

zurad _ avzTaa [avesTaa], romelic, mgoni, niSnavs Rvin-

is momyvans21. leqsikologia am sityvisa, roca kargad

20 ori kaci gavida saqurdlad RamiT. am dros Zlierma wvimam moaswro

da wvimisagan erTi saxlis derefans Seefarnen. Seixiznnen Tu ara facx-

aSi, dainaxes, rom mravali dedakaci Segroviliyo Sig, radgan iq iwva

mSobiare dedakaci. cota xnis Semdeg daibada qaliSvili. myisve Camov-

idnen dambadeblebi-gamomsaxavebi. erTma CamosulTaganma sxvaTa Soris

sTqva: àxladdabadebuli im erT qurds ergos colad, romelic garedan

Semoixedavso. es iyos imisi bedis werao~. kveri dahkra meoremac. amisma

momsmenma qurdma, romelsac naxevari gza cxovrebisa gavlili hqonda,

sTqva: me ager movxucdi da es ki exla daibadao; RmerTma amaSoros magisi

colad SerTvao, da gaifiqra Cvilis mokvla. Sin saxlSi qurdulad Sevida

_ didi xnis Ramis Tevis Semdeg yvelas aqa-iq mieZina, _ aiyvana Cvili da

karSi gavida. daniT muceli gaupo, egona maSinve mokvdeboda, da zeviT

banze Seagdo, ZaRli ar SesWamso. Semdeg qurdebma gaswies Tavisi gzisak-

en. balRis tirili erT dedakacs moesma: Camoiyvanes, Wriloba abreSumis

ZafiT gaukeres da moarCines. im qurdma, romelsac didi xnidan colis

SerTva ganzraxuli hqonda, verc erT qalzed ver moaxerxa daqorwileba.

amasobaSi igi qalic gaizarda, gasaTxovari gaxda da Sexvda im kacs. col-

qmrobiT cxovrebis dros warsulis mogonebaSi yovelive es garemoebac

gamoaSkaravda. ai, ase aucilebelia da garduvali gamCen-gamomsaxavTa

gadawyvetileba da imaTgan daskvnili bedis sawereli.

21 avzTaa [avesTaa]_ èSmaki~ rTuli sityvaa: pirvel Semadgenel sity-

vad Cven migvaCnia av [ave] _ Rvino; meore warmosdgeba zmnisagan aTaara

_ mokreba (yurZenze da ara Rvinoze), ZRvna. Tu pirvel naxevars eSmakis

saxelis wodebisas vawarmoebT sityvisagan aov _ kaci, maSin mTeli sityva

avzTaa [avisTaa] _ iqneba daaxloebiT Semdeg Sinaarss Seicavdes: kaci,

visac uZRvnes... [es etimologia naklebad damajerebelia _ red.]

marTul RmerTebs `deda, dedani~ daerqmodaT rogorc

mSobels, wyaros, mizezs adamianisaTvis mavnes an mar-

gebelis saqmisa da movlenisas. am mosazrebas sruliad

eTanxmeba isic, rom uwin miTologiaSi mdedrobiTi sqe-

sis RmerTebs eWiraT upirvelesi alagi. rogorc qvemoT

vnaxavT amas, bevri movlenani bunebisa gapirovanebulni

arian mdedrobiTi sqesis RmerTebad. wylis zedamxed-

veli _ RmerTi, `wylis deda~ qalia; miwac _ `dedami-

wac~ mdedrobiTi sqesisad aris gapirovnebuli, amas gvi-

mowmebs imisi saxelwodeba, rasac qvemod davinaxavT, _

es miT ufro, rom TiTqmis yvela ers am sqesisad hqonda

warmodgenili dedamiwa; agreTve aris `qari qalbatoni~,

kidev arian Jabran [Jvabran], jabran _ ZroxaTa winapari

(mded.), TxaTa winapari (mded.); aris yanis mavne RmerTi

jaja da sxv.

mahmadianobisa da ufro qristianobis SexebisaTa-

nave Zvelad Zvelni religiurni rwmenani da warmodge-

nani, cxadia, TandaTan ecvlebodaT afxazebsa da vrcel-

deboda maTSi azri erT arsebiT RmerTze. misdagvarad,

TviT sityva ancac [ancva] nel-nela cvlilebaSi Sedio-

da, Tu morfologiurad ara, logikurad mainc. bolos,

rodesac pirvandelni rwmenani gaZevebulni iqmnen, Tu

sruliad vera, umravlesobis gonebidan mainc, da rode-

sac erTRmerTobis ideam gaimarjva, maSin sityva ancam

sruliad dahkarga Tavisi pirvandeli mniSvneloba da

gaxda am ukanaskneli azris gamomxatveli. xolo Tavis

uwindeli mniSvnelobiT da mravlobiTi ricxvis formiT

igi darCa Zvel religiur ceremoniaTa enaSi, romelic

garemoebaTa da JamTa ZlierebiT naklebad icvleba da

ibRalvis18.

sityva RmerTi Tavisi exlandeli formiTa da Sinaar-

siT kvlav Rebulobs mravlobiT ricxvsa19.

18 ix. wina SeniSvna.

19 cnobilia, rom rogorc Zvel religiur wesebsa da ceremoniebSi dar-

Cenilia xSirad xalxis uZvelesni garemoebani cxovrebisa (indoeTis

braminebi dResac mwvet-wverianis joxis trialiT xvreten meore xis

naWers da am saxiT aCenen TavianT religiur ceremoniaTaTvis `wminda~

cecxls, _ erTi uZvelesi saxsarTagani cecxlis gasaCenad), ise Zvel

religiur enaSi daculia uZvelesni formani sityvisa da enisani.

68 69

d) gadakidebuli salocavis risxvis asacileblad

saWiroa, visac emarTa esegvari salocavi, ganmeorebiT

locva an maSinve, an pirobis ZaliT Tavis droze im dan-

aklisis aRvsebiTa da dakmayofilebiT, ris gamoc locva

ver akmayofilebda salocavs da Serisxa kaci an ojaxi.

e) Tu avadmyofs ar emarTa romelime salocavi da ax-

lad gamouvida imisi mizezi, man unda Tavs idvas igi da

ilocos miRebul wessa da rigze.

v) brali (mizezi) salocavisa gadadis modgmidgan

modgmamde da ramdenisame Taobis Semdeg SesaZloa, iCi-

nos Tavi.

z) Tu `mizeziT~ avadmyofi imdenad sustia, rom maS-

inve ver moxerxdeba Sesaferisi salocavi wesebis aR-

sruleba, maSin pirobas sdebs Tavis dros an pirvel mo-

brunebisaTanave ulocon. amisaTvis manamdis avadmyofs

Semoavleben rame vercxleulobas, spilenZeulobas,

Tofs, wminda narmas, sanTels, an sxvas rames `bralis~

mixedviT. Semovlebis dros amboben am saxiT: `Tu Seni

mizezia (bralia), Sveba mieci... da viloco rogorc geka-

drebodes da rogorc mkiTxavi agvixsnis...~ rodesac

avadmyofoba ver aris gamorkveuli, Tu romlis mizez-

isaganaa igi warmomdgari, maSin amgvarad amboben: `Tu

risame `mizeziTaa~ avad... Sevasrulo yovelive, rasac

Sevityob da rasac mkiTxavebi gviCveneben~. Semovlebuli

nivTi, rogorc sawindari, wmindad da uxmareblad inax-

eba locvis ceremoniis aRsrulebamdis.

TviT salocavis asrulebis dros mlocveli Tx-

ovniT mimarTavs am saxelwodebis salocavs an masSi war-

modgenil RmerTobas, Tu kacis salocavia _ kacisas,

Tu saqonlisaa _ saqonlisas. locva (locvis sityvebis

warmoTqma) salocavis Sesaferi da garemoebis mixed-

viT iqneba, magram ufro isea, rom vinc rogor axerxebs,

ise loculobs da laparakobs. esec ki unda vTqvaT, rom

laparakis safaneli da pirwylianoba afxazs iSviaTad

Semoakldeba.

gamoirkveva, sakmaod dagvanaxvebs afxazTa Zvels Sexed-

ulobasa da warmodgenas eSmakze.

salocavebi

Cven vuwodebT salocavebs im religiur ceremoniebs,

rodesac afxazi rame SesawiravTan SeerTebuli locviTa

da xvewna-vedrebiT mimarTavs Tavis RmerTebs Zveli-

danve miRebul wesze. salocavebSi zogierTs etyoba

meti gavlena qristianobisa, zogs ki _ naklebi, Tumca

warmarTobis kvali mainc emCnevaT. magram umravle-

soba salocavTa, rogorc formiT, ise SinaarsiT, jer

kidev warmarTuli xasiaTisaa. Cven salocavTa krebulSi

movaqcieT ufro ori ukanaskneli gvaris salocavebi.

rasakvirvelia, xalisiani kacisaTvis arc erTi salocavi

ar aris mniSvnelobas moklebuli, magram salocavebi im-

denia, rom yvela imaTi dawvrilebiT Seswavla da aRwera

Sors waiyvans kacs. Cven vcdilobdiT ufro SesaniSnave-

bi amogverCia.

a) Cvens dros salocavebi erTni samudamoni, yovel-

wlobiTni da sayovelTaoni arian, magaliTad, `xozos

aReba~ da sxv., sxvani ki, Tu yvelas ara, umravlesobas

mainc swams, magaliTad, `zeviTuri salocavi~ da sxv.

b) yvela salocavs an mis mimRebs misgan damokide-

buls, moqmedebis wreSi Zala aqvs `ebralos, emizezos~,

e.i. avad gaxados kaci, an saqoneli rame Secdomis an da-

naSaulobisaTvis.

g) TviToeuli salocavis nabralev, namizezar avad-

myofobas Tavisi gansakuTrebuli niSnebi aqvs, romleb-

sac afxazi (mkiTxavi) dawvrilebiT arCevs erTs meorisa-

gan.

70 71

leCaqs gadaafarebs da sakmevliT da sanTliT xelSi mimar-

Tavs TxovniT pirvelad `miwa dedofals~: àdgil-anxu22,

atula-anxuse! Seni madli moaniWe, tanis simrTele, gulis

simrTele, Tavis simrTele mieci; feri mieci, tyavi mieci,

Zvali mieci; laparaki moandome, saqmobis survili da Zala

mieci, avisagan daixseni~ da sxv. Semdeg agreTve TxovniT

mimarTavs adabnas [advabna]23. bolos Txilis joxiT leCaqs

gadaxdis, wamoayenebs, zurgze xels gadausvams da erT

wknelsac gadahkravs: `wadi, dReis iqiT azati momiciao~,

da gauSvebs avadmyofs. amis Semdeg Sin brundebian, keraze

datovebul mWads, romelsac marto oTxi natexiRa aklia,

SuaSi stexen, aqeT-iqeT gasweven; keras gaRma-gamoRma

dgeba ori dedakaci da mlocvel avadmyofs mWadebs Sua

samgzis gaatareben. amasTan erTi dedakaci ambobs: `gau-

riebuli momeci~, meore _ `gaqristianebuli momeci~. am

salocavs asruleben, rogorc zeviTa vTqviT, sami gzis

SesarTav adgilas, an ukeT gasayar alagze, im mosazrebiT,

rom arseba, romelsac Sepyrobili hyavs avadmyofi, raki

amas ganSordeba, sxvas visme Sexvdes da Seeyaroso. sadme

miwaze dacemis an jdomis dros Tu ahyva avadmyofoba,

miwidan gadaekida, locvac amave alagas iqneba da iq Cah-

flaven locvis anu Semovlebis dros zemoxsenebul kacis

msgavs kuksac... `miwa-qalbatonisagan~ rame rom ar ahyves

avi, ucnob adgilze (miwaze) mjdomi afxazi (megrelic),

wamodgeba Tu ara, orjer daafurTxebs am sityvebiT: ̀ pap-

uaCemis nasaxlkarevi, papuaCemis nasaxlkarevi~.

22 pirveli naxevrebi am or sityvaTa niSnavs: adgili, miwa, mamuli;

xolo meore naxevari anxu, enxu-s mniSvneloba dRes ufro Zneli mis-

axvdomia. Tumca am sityvas sakmao msgavseba aqvs (formiTaca da mniS-

vnelobiTac) zendur sityva anhu-sTan, romelic niSnavs: `batoni~

qveyana, àdgili~ (ix. SedarebiTi leqsikoni fivisa), magram ufro sagu-

lisxmoa sityva anxu vawarmovoT afxazurad Ziridanve: anxu _ ubral-

oda vTqvaT am sityvaTagan Semdgaria: an_deda (ixile zeviT) da axu _

xvedri. adgil-anxu – pirdapir: miwa dedis xvedri, wili.

23 adabna [advabna] _ abna _ tye, ad [advi]--mindori. maSasadame, Tu

rTul sityvad vicaniT adabna ad+abna [advi+abna], am saxiT adabna [adv-

abna] _ `mindor-tye,~ ùdabno~ iqneba.

T) yvela salocavis dros saWiroa rame Sesawiravi,

usisxlo an sisxlovani, romelsac salocavTa gvarad an

yvelani sWamen, an marto zogni.

i) erTi da igive salocavi sxvadasxva gvarTa da kacTa

mier met-naklebi gansxvavebiT aRsruldeba xolme.

k) salocavTa ceremoniebis aRmasruleblad zogis

kacia, zogisa _ dedakaci, imis mixedviT, Tu romel sqe-

sisad warmoidgineba arseba, vis sadidebladac igi aR-

sruldeba; anu ase, rom Tu salocavSi avadmyofi qalia,

mlocavic qalia; Tu kacia _ mlocavic kacia.

axla SevudgeT TviT salocavebis kerZo aRweras.

dedamiwis salocavi

wminda, umanko dedakaci eqvs kakalsa da ramdenime

fetvis marcvals aiRebs da mihyavs avadmyofi (romlis

avadmyofoba adgilis braliT gamowveulia). jer erTi

Txmelis (murynis) Zirs sam kakals da ramdenime marcvals

Semoavlebs miwis (adgilis) saxelobaze da Semdeg kidev

sam kakalsa da marcvals Txilis Zirs àdabnas~ [advabna]

saxelze, da Txoulobs avadmyofis mobrunebas. amave

dros dedakaci kacis msgavs kuks, kopwiad morTuls,

Cahflavs iqve miwaSi avadmyofis àmosaxsnelad~ (dala-

Wsxrc) am sityvebiT: àvadmyofis nacvlad amas Seeqcie,

amas eTamaSeo~. Semdeg marjve dros acxoben erTs dids

mWads ̀ miwa dedofilisas~ da ors mogrZo puris Rvezels

adabnasaTvis. ori Reri wminda sanTeli da sakmeveli, mox-

senebuli ori Rvezeli da ̀ miwis mWadis~ oTxisave kuTxis

natexebi miaqvs dedakacs da avadmyofiTurT midis sami

gzis SesarTav adgilas, sadac, erTis mxriT, debs mWadis

natexebs, meoreze_Rvezelebs, danarCen or mxareze an-

Tebul sanTlebs miakravs; aqve ganze ityvis: `miwa qal-

batono! es Seni fexsacmeliao~da dasdebs Custebs... am

oTxkuTxedi miwis Sig SuaSi avadmyofs daaCoqebs, Tavze

72 73

el dedakacs; amzadeben or qaTams: erT mamals da erT

dedals, Rvezel purs, moxarSaven xozoebs da Camoqnian

sam sanTels. dedali da erTi sanTeli wylis dedisaTvis,

mamali da erTi sanTeli misi qmris saxelze, xolo mesame

sanTeli imaTi moaxle-mosamsaxure qalisaTvis, romel-

sac hqvian: abzahav-abzaCav (kargad myofi, keTilad mekve-

bi), romelic keTilis mTqmelad da Suamavlad iricxeba

moxsenebul batonebTan. nivTebi miaqvT da midian wyalze,

mdinare iyos, Tunda wyaro. aq mlocveli daiCoqebs, xolo

mlocavi dedakaci aiRebs sanTels da mimarTavs TxovniT

Tavdapirvelad, rasakvirvelia, wylis deda-qalbatons,

romelsac am salocavSi upirvelesi alagi uWiravs. amis

sruli saxeli afxazurad aris ZZlan ZahkvaJ xifsha gva-

Sa [ZiZlan ZahkvaJv xifsha gvaSa] _ wylis deda, wylis

qalbatoni xifsha gvaSa (gvaSa qalis saxelia dResac...),

ris Semdeg sanTels moukidebs da iq miawebebs. Semdeg

aiRebs meore sanTels, sTxovs avadmyofis gankurnebas

`wylis dedis~ qmars _ `batons~ da amasac iqve miakravs.

bolos mesame sanTliT xelSi sTxovs zemoxsenebul abza-

hav-abzaCavs _ moaxle qals, rom imanac mociqulobiTa

da keTilis TqmiT batonebis winaSe moexmaros avadmyo-

fs, ris Semdeg zurgze xelis gadasmiT mlocavi aazatebs

avadmyofs... garda avadmyofTa, wylis salocaviT ulo-

caven axalrZals, rodesac igi pirvelad mihyavT wyaroze.

da Tu yovelsave naCvenebs am SemTxvevaSi ver aasruleben,

kvercxs mainc Caagdeben wyalSi da Sesaferis xvewniT mi-

marTaven wylis dedas. dedakaci mSobiarobas loculobs

an srulad an Semoklebuli formiT (kvercxiT) wylis sal-

ocaviT da es imisTvis metad sasargebloa, gansakuTrebiT

ZuZusaTvis (rZisaTvis)... ara Tu am SemTxvevebSi, ubralo

tanis banasac ki erideba afxazi mdinare wyalSi, rom amiT

wylis dedas ar awyeninos. amitom raki wylidan tanis da-

banis Semdeg amova, sam wvril qvas aiRebs da wylis dedas

mimarTavs am sityvebiT: `Segcode dRes: wyalSi Cavedi,

tani Cavibane, mara mapatieo~, Tavze gadaivlebs da wyalSi

gadaisvris.

wylis salocavi

avad aris qali an kaci, magaliTad ciebiT, da es

avadmyofoba didxans ara Sordeba. mkiTxavi, romelsac

afxazi mimarTavs eqimis magivrad, eubneba, rom wylis

braliTaa avad da unda ilocoTo. Wirisuflebi moiy-

vanen moxuc wmida dedabers, radgan wylis ufrosi, `wy-

lis deda~ qalia24. es dedakaci farulad aiRebs sam xel

avadmyofis raime nivTs, mag. tanisamoss, miaqvs erT-erT

wyalze da ambobs ra sityvebs: `wylis dedav, qalbatono,

Tu Sen daiWire (avadmyofi), uSvio~, exeba am nivTebiT

samgzis wyals da amoaqvs sami wveTi wyali, romlebsac

sam murynis foTolSi gamoxvevs, wamoiRebs da keras ze-

moT, sxvenze, Camohkidebs im mosazrebiT, rom avadmyofs

ase ciebac gauxmebao; amis Semdeg ucbad da idumal gai-

qceva dedakaci am sityvebiT: àse Seni ciebac gaiqceso~.

am process eZaxian: `ciebis gamo wylis amoRebas~ (aSZ

azhan aZ izTrxit) [aSiZ azihvan aZi izTirxit]. rodesac,

amis Semdeg, avadmyofi momjobindeba, moiwveven mlocv-

24 `wylis dedis~ sacxovrebeli alagi didi wminda miuvali tbaa mdi-

narisa. igi SeiZleba cxovrebdes agreTve wminda wyaroSi, romelsac

arawminda Rori an sxva ram pirutyvi, ar ekareba. kacs SeuZlia iSviaTad

naxos igi rogorc wyalSi, ise napirzedac, xmeleTzedac, sadac gamodis

xandisxan. ai, suraTi wylis dedisa: àfxazis warmodgeniT, wylis deda

mSvenieri qalia momxiblavi saxisa, Tavze uebari wablisferi dawnuli

Tma aqvs da mtredisferi JuJuna Tvalebi... Zlier xSirad gaigonebT

afxazisagan amgvar saubars: èh! Zmao, me mZlia wylis dedam da amieri-

dan Tqvens sazogadoebas aRar vekuTvni... am dReebSi Sevedi cxeniT

gauvlel da yru tyeSi, sadac ucbad erT did muxasTan idga sarke da

sanTeli, win ijda wylis deda, etrfialeboda Tavis sikeklucesa da

ivarcxnida gaSlil, miwamde CamoSvebul, Tmas... xelebi Camomicvivda

da damidunda, Tvalebi veRar movaSore amgvar sakvirvel saxilvels.

rodesac SemamCnia, uecriv daalaga Tmebi da iwyo Cemsken moaxloveba.

maSin sruliad davkarge goneba... erTi sityvac ar uTqvams, mxolod as-

wia maRla aTive TiTi da amiT maCvenebda: Tanaxma gaxdebi, Tu ara meuR-

leobaze aTis wlis ganmavlobaSio... me uaris niSnad Tavi gavuqnie,

magram igi ar dascxra da Camodioda aTis wlidan cxramde, rvamde da

sxv. dasasrul, rodesac miCvena neki, rogorc ukanaskneli niSani imisi,

Tanaxma gavxdebi Tu ara erT wels mainc masTan vicxovro, maSin iseTi

saSineli TvalebiT Semomxeda, rom me imave wams Tanxmoba ganvucxade

(k. maWavariani. gaz. `droeba~).

74 75

Se, amasTan dro atare~. mlocavi dedakaci ki avadmyofs

zurgze xels gadausvams, wnelsac gadahkravs da azatis

micemiT Sin gamouSvebs ise, rom ukan ar unda miixedos.

locvis ceremoniis asrulebis Semdeg, iqve, wylispirze

windawin gakeTebul karavSi sadiloben dedabrebi. Wama

marto maT SeuZliaT da marto aq, yovelive danarCeni

wyalSi unda gadahyaron da naxmari WurWeli wmindad

garecxili Sin unda wamoiRon.

es salocavi Zlier mZime salocavad miaCniaT da

cisartyelas namdvili saxelis (acayva) [acvayva] da ara

zemoT moxsenebuli eliafS-is25 ubralo warmoTqmac ki

ezarebaT. cisartyelas salocavis aRsrulebas, afxaze-

bis azriT, mohyveba wvima.

qaris salocavi (fSarnha) [fSarnihva]

akeTeben did yvelian mWads, deben Txmelis cxrilze

(Celtze), gaaqvT saxlze cota moSorebiT da evedrebi-

an `qarsa qalbatonsa CiC-sa~ (CiCi xSirad hqvia `qalba-

tonebs~), rom keTili qari axlo mouvlinos, avi moa-

Soros, faTerakisagan daixsnas da sxv. Semdeg mWadis

Suaguls amosWridnen, mihqondaT axlo tyeSi da erT

maRal muxis wverze sdebdnen, xolo meore dRes vinc yve-

las daaswrebda, is ifeSqaSebda.

xis salocavi

mariamobis dRes akeTeben patara kverebs imdens, ram-

denic mamakacia ojaxSi. am kverebianad patarebTan er-

Tad saxlis ufrosi midis erT-erT axlo qorfa xesTan,

25 eliafS _ elia+afS _èlia wiTeli~.

cisartyelas salocavi

es salocavi sayovelTao ar aris, magram bevr gvars

ki marTebs yovelwlobiT cisartyelas salocavi. ufro

xSirad am salocaviT loculoben avadmyofni, rodesac

mkiTxavi axsnis avadmyofobas cisartyelas mizeziT... Tu

kaci didxans moyviTlo ferisaa, Zala da xasiaTi aklia

da sxv., es, afxazis azriT, `zecas rom akravs~ _ cisar-

tyelas bralia, da is avadmyofi kaci wyalSi Casula im

dros, rodesac cisartyela wyals svamda da maSin gam-

wikvlovanebula (dayiSit) [dayiaSit].

Semoavleben ra rames avadmyofs da dahpirdebian

Tu ara ulocon, igi gahyavT wminda dedabrebs mdinare

wylispiras. aq moaqvT ori Semwvari yveruli, ori puris

Rvezeli, romelnic enis formisani arian da amitom èn-

ebi~ hqviaT, amaT garda yvela xorageuloba, rac saWiroa

wylis salocavis dros, radganac cisartyelas salo-

cavTan erTad wylis salocavic unda iyos. mdinaris or-

save napirze daawyoben sxvadasxva wminda da mSvenier niv-

Teulobas: tanisamoss, vercxleulobas da sxva. wylis

erTi napiridan meoremde gaabamen abreSumis Zafis xids.

am saxiT, roca yovelive damzadebulia, mlocavi dedaka-

ci aiRebs kacis saxiT gakeTebul patara kuks, romelic

morTulia mSvenieri ferad-feradi tanisamosiT, da, Se-

moavlebs ra amas muxlmoyril da mitkal-gadafarebul

avadmyofs, exveweba Sveba-gankurnebas cisartyelas

èliafSis~ saxeliT, Semdeg sanTliT xelSi TavTavis

rigze mimarTavs `wylis deda qalbatons~ da mis qmars

_ `batons~. agreTve locviT gadaavlebs sxva xorageu-

lobasac da Tav-Tav saWmelebidan finCxebs gadaagdebs.

gaTavebisas zemoxsenebul kacis saxis tikins Tavmoxs-

nil ayiroSi (mware kvaxSi) Caamagreben, irgvliv mokide-

buli sanTlebiT gaaCiraRdneben da wyalze gadaagdeben

am sityvebiT: àvadmyofis nacvlad amas Seeqcie, eTama-

76 77

vilis sulad, locvis dros cxensac iqve miabamen, bolos

moxsnian da sityvebiT: `Sens suls hqondeso~, mindorze

miuSveben. aseTi cxeni xSirad, afxazis azriT, ibereba da

hkvdeba, e.i. suls TavisTan gadahyavs.

aJaharas salocavi

sityvas _ `aJaharas~ afxazebi uwodeben saxlis,

ojaxis ufross, zedamxedvel arsebas, da, maSasadame,

aJaharas salocavi aris locva saxlis zedamxedvelis

saxeliT. megrulad am salocavs `nerCis~ salocavs eZax-

ian. am salocaviT, magaliTad, loculoben axali col-

qmari jer kidev im dros, rodesac isini erTad ufrosebs

ar sCvenebian, an rodesac axali rZali did saxlSi

SemohyavT, agreTve gaTxovebuli qali _ ded-mamis sax-

lSi pirvelad mobrunebuli gayvanis Semdeg. yvela am

SemTxvevaSi TviT saklavebis dakvlis win, marjvniv maTi

SemobrunebiT saxlis ufrosi anu erT-erTi uuxnieresi

vinme Samfurze Camocmul gul-RviZliT xelSi aJaharas

sTxovs mlocvel kacze, rom man mudam Tavisi Semweobisa

da mfarvelobis qveS iyolios Sin, gareT da sxva da sxva.

Wapu

keris zedamxedvels hqvia `Wapu~. mis saxelobazedac

aris salocavi. magaliTad, rodesac bavSvi nacartutas,

Tixas xSirad sWams, siarulsa da laparaks didxans vera

swavlobs, maSin didi WadiT ulocavs Wapus saxeliT; Sem-

deg mas wiTeli ZafiT Seborkaven, karze daayeneben da

sxva vinme patara bavSvi fexebTan gauvlis WadiT xelSi,

Tan borkilsac moswyvets da karSi gaiqceva. amis Semdeg

bavSvi Zlier Cqara iswavlis siarulsao. Wapus saxeliT

xes fexs miadgams da loculobs: `xeo, Seni madli da

sikeTe momaniWe... xidan uvneblad Camomiyvane, nedl to-

tze Sevsdge, gamimagrdes, xmelze Sevsdge, gaminedldes~

da sxv.

sagareo salocavi (adnya) [advniya]

sxvadasxva mizezis garda avadmyofobas miaweren

xolme ̀ gareulis~ mizezsac. es gareulni arian mkvdarTa

sulni. eseni rame ukmayofilobis gamo uwyrebian cocx-

lebs: kaci iyos, gind saqoneli, es orive SesaZloa. sa-

gareo salocavis, anu rac igivea, mkvdrebis mier `nabra-

levi~ avadmyofi, afxazis azriT, xSir-xSirad amTqnarebs,

mZinareobs, cocxal-mkvdarsa hgavs. es imis niSania, rom

suli, romelic ebrala, sulsa Txoulobs da Tu sulis

magivrad saklaviT ar daakmayofiles, igi avadmyofs Tan

gadiyvans.

Semovlebis Semdeg erT-erT samSabaTs an SabaTs

akeTeben saukeTeso saWmelebs: kravs an cxvars, qaT-

mebs, mawons, `Cemuqvas~ da sxv. araiSviaTad Tu didkacis

sulma avad gaxada kaci, maSin Zroxasac hklaven. yove-

live amas sufraze saxlis derefanSi daawyoben. aqve ise,

rogorc cisartyelas salocavis dros, or mxareze sx-

vadasxva Zvirfasi da wminda tanisamosi da nivTeuloba

iqneba dalagebuli. avadmyofs sakidebel _ naWa Semov-

lebul wris SigniT daaCoqeben. Semdeg mlocavi (qalisa

_ qali, kacisa _ kaci) Seevedreba cxovelTa da mkvdar-

Ta (angi-fsngis) gaanTavisuflon avadmyofi, mianiWon

simTele, damzadebuli Sesawiravi miiRon avadmyofis

nacvlad, zurgze xels gadausvams da azatis micemiT ab-

olovebs salocavs. kidev roca mkvdris suli, romelic

avada xdis, aRiarebulia didkacis, magaliTad, TavadiS-

78 79

viciT, rom ukanasknel Semadgenel sityvas (an _deda) Se-

icavs sityva anca [ancva] _ RmerTi.

xozos daWera (axvaJkra) [axvaJvkira]

religiuri ceremonia xozos daWerisa aris yovelw-

lobiT Cvens dros didmarxvis pirvel orSabaTs. am dros

mraval moxarSul xozoebidan aiRebs, daiWers afxazi

TiTo an sam-sams da Txovna-vedrebiT mimarTavs igi sxva-

dasxva saxelwodebis RmerTebs (`dedaTa~). amitomaa, rom

afxazi am ceremonias eZaxis `xozos daWeras~, dakavebas,

xolo TviT dros, rodesac mas aRasrulebs, xozos daW-

eris anu dakavebis dros. da es dro iTvleba weliwadis

sazom drod ise, rogorc qristianebSi didni Soba-aR-

dgomis dResaswaulni.

Tavdapirvelad saxlis ufrosi aiRebs sam xozos

da saerTod sTxovs yvela RmerTs am sityvebiT: didno

RmerTno (anca douqv [ancva duqva] _`didno dedano~),

Semdeg kerZod da daiwyebs locvas.

aiRebs ra sxva xozos, Tavdapirvelad exveweba

àliSkintr~-sa [aliSkintir], ZaRlebis ufross, da sTx-

ovs mas ZaRlis bedi misces, kargi ZaRli gaazrdevinos

da gaumravlos, radgan, Tu ZaRli gyavs, afxazis fiqriT,

saqonelic Semogiva da misi bedic geqmneba da amitomaa,

rom afxazi yvelaze uwin ixseniebs aliSkintrs.

sxva xozoTi xelSi afxazi evedreba saqonlis, piru-

tyvis zedamxedvelis RmerTs àiTar~-s: àiTar! Seni

madli da sikeTe momaniWe; aiTaris mTqmelT yvelas mam-

jobine~... erTi sityviT, loculobs saqonlisaTvis, ma-

gram ar iviwyebs bolos Tavis Tavsac. pirutyvis RmerTs

àiTar~-s upirvelesi alagi uWiravs, radgan, rogorc

Cven ukve vlaparakobdiT, saqonels ufro didi mniS-

vneloba aqvs miwaTmoqmedebasTan SedarebiT.

swyevlian dedakacebi erTmaneTs. cxadia, `Wapus~ moq-

medebis wre Zlieri viwrod aris Semofargluli: keraTi

da keras garSemoTi.

Jabranis [Jvabran] salocavi

es salocavi Zroxisaa da mas aRasrulebs yoveli

afxazi, visac ki Zroxa hyavs, yvelieris SabaTs. amisaT-

vis windawinve damzadebuli aqvT didi farTe sulguni,

romelsac `wminda yvels~ eZaxian. keraze dadebul Wadis

comze, sanam foTlebs moafarebdnen, `wminda yvelis~

amoWril Suaguls zed daawebeben da am dros mamakaci dai-

wyebs Jabranis [Jvabran] salocaviT, vis saxelzedac loc-

uloben: `Jabranis [Jvabran] mTqmelTa yvelas mamjobine;

saqonels mimate da gamimravle ise, rom momavalSi am Wadis

tola yveliT vloculobde da rom Zroxebi ezoSi ar me-

teodes; avisa da faTerakisagan daixsna, Sin daicva, gared

daicva, daZvelebuli balanisa da ganavalis garda zara-

li ar misce; winamavali saqoneli mirbodes, ukana ver ewe-

odes; xboebi daTvis beliviT kuntruSobdnen da kviciviT

elvarebdnen da brwyinavdnen, amasa gTxov...~ am sityve-

bis warmoTqmis Semdeg aiRebs sam Txilis joxs, CaurWobs

zemoxsenebuli Wadis comSi da zeviT gires daartyams am

sityvebiT: `vooc! [voocv] CifS!~ (Zroxis saxmobi xmaa).

imave salocavs, roca Zroxis nacvlad Txas ulocaven

SabaTis magivrad yvelieris xuTSabaTs, hqvia jabranis

salocavi da sruldeba imave saxiT, rogorc zemoT aris

moxsenebuli.

sityvebi Jabran [Jvabran] da jabran, romlebsac ixse-

nieben salocavebSi, erTi meoresa hxsnis: Jabran rTuli

sityvaa da unda Sesdgebodes Semdegi sityvebisagan: aJ-

ab-an26 [aJv-ab-an] (aJ [aJv] _ Zroxa, ab _ mama, an _ deda),

Jabran [Jvabran]_ `Zroxis mamaTa deda, Zroxis winaparTa

deda~. jabran, romelSic ja Semoklebulia da niSnavs

Txas: ja-ab-an _jabran_ ~Txis winaparTa deda~. Cven ukve

26 yvela arsebiTi saxeli afxazur enaSi iwyeba xmiT a, romelic si-

tyvis kavSirSi ufro xSirad gamovardeba.

80 81

nen; rogorc mTvaris amosvla kacis guls axarebs, ise

TviToeuli maTgani kacis guls moxvdebodes, moswondes

da sxv.

aris bolos sacexvelis msgavsi xozo, romelSiac sxva

ramdensame xozoebs Tavebi Camwkrivebuli aqvs (gamoxat-

avs Romis cexvis process). daiWers ra am xozos, afxazi

sTxovs ̀ didTa RmerTTa~ ojaxis momatebas, mis uvneblad

dacvas, rom ase iyvnen qalebi, rZlebi, maT Soris deda, an

dedamTili idges da grial-grialiT cexvavdnen. glexni

TavisTvis isurvebdnen amas, xolo keTilSobilni _ Tav-

isi ymebisaTvis.

futkris salocavi

mrgval yvelian purs, xaWapurs acxoben, Sedian da

ulocaven futkars ànanagundas~ saxelis xsenebiT. Se-

modian mere Sin da sWamen purs, magram ise ki, rom erT-

maneTi ar dainaxon: erTs erTi karisaken aqvs piri miq-

ceuli da meores meorisaken.

mjaT

am saxelwodebis xsenebiT locva aRsruldeba aR-

dgomis saRamos didi mrgvali da yveliani mWadiT. locvis

gaTavebisas mlocveli aiRebs danayil marils, romelsac

sxvadasxva bostneuloba urevia da mawonSi Caagdebs, pa-

tara tyemlis joxsac Cahyofs da ambobs: `dReis Semdeg

ar vyof, ar vzomav, axali rZe da yveli uSvi~. am dReidan

rZesa da yvels xmaroben moTxovnilebisamebr sxvadasx-

vagvarad. am dromdis ki axal mwvanils ar ureven rZeSi,

rom amiT mewvel saqonels rZe ar Semoakldes.

aiTaris saxeliT afxazebi ficuloben, roca undaT

naTqvami daamtkicon, da swyevlian erTmaneTsac. upi-

ratesi mniSvneloba àiTari~-sa Cans iqidanac, rom `xo-

zos daWeras~ eZaxian agreTve aiTaris salocavs da Tvec

iwodeba aiTaris Tved.

agreTve am saxiTve mimarTavs SaSana-s da sTxovs:

`SaSana axuc aquswa raxu nasf [nasif] uimTaait~, viTom

SaSanam, Tmis gamCenman, saqonlis bedi ar mogces, anu:

SaSanam Tmosanis bedi ar mogcao (wyevlaa).

aiRebs kidev xozos, mimarTavs Wirnaxulis RmerTs,

Wirnaxulis gapirovanebas anafanaga-s da sxvaTa Soris

ambobs: ànafanaga! Cems rkineulobasa da iaraRs, sa-

dac gavusvam da gavkrav, xvavi da baraqaTi momeci, vinc

gaitans Wirnaxuls, saqoneli SesZine, vinca sWams _

Searge~ da sxv.27 aiRebs sxva xozos da ambobs: `SaSa! iara-

Ri rasac davuSino, nu damacdenineb~. SaSaze Cven qvemoT

vilaparakebT.

mzis msgavsad mrgvlad moxarSuls xozos aiRebs da

ambobs: `mzeo! madlsa, sikeTesa, Tavis rigze da droze

siTbo da sinaTlesa, keTil dros... nu mogvakleb~. amave

xozoTi Txoulobs qalebisaTvis, rom simSvenieriT, si-

lamaziTa, eSxiTa da sikekluciT mzesaviT anaTebdnen,

brwyinavdnen da aTbobdnen kacis guls.

aris axal-mTvaris msgavsi xozo da amiT loculobs

mTvaris saxels. agreTve amave xozoTi xelSi vaJiSvi-

lebs mTvares adarebs, rom isini mTvaresaviT elvarebd-

27 kidev Wirnaxulis salocavi a n a f a n a g a s saxeliT icodnen Se-

modgomaze, rodesac pirvelad Sin SemohqondaT Romis Zna. yanis sal-

ocavi kidev _ garda imisa, rom mariamobis marxvaSi jvars aayeneben,

wminda sanTels simindsa da lobios miawebeben av sulTa vnebis asac-

ileblad _ ician kidev mariamobas didi WadiT j a j a s saxeliT. es

jaja yanis boroti, mavne RmerTia mdedrobiTi sqesisa da miumzidveli

saxisa: dabalia, gaberili da sazareli Sexedulobisaa (dRaRaZa). jaja

yanaSi Sedis da, sadac unda, iZaxis: `nacvis, nacvis _ neki, neki!~ e.i. si-

mindis taro nekis tola. am dros mis gamgone guladi kaci rom gamoeki-

dos iaraRiT xelSi, jaja gaiqceva, Tu am sityvebs miaZaxebs: `raki Zaki,

raki Zaki~ _ `wyrTa da mtkaveli, wyrTa da mtkaveli~.

82 83

dze iqve miwaSi Casobil da CangaliviT samkbilian joxis

wverze moacmen TiTo-TiTo mrgval nedl yvels da amis

Semdeg ufrosi ulocavs pirutyvs mexis (afu) saxeliT,

romelsac (salocavs) afxazi ubralo laparakSi, SiSisa

gamo, zeviTs, zeviTurs uwodebs. aq moyvanil qaTams zogi

bibilos mosWris da cocxals tyeSi gauSvebs, zogic _

gaatyavebs da ise Camohkidebs iq. mTaze asuli mwyemsni

ulocaven saqonels agreTve mTis zedamxedvel mexis

saxelobaze. yvela am salocavebSi, garda Cveulebrivi

locvisa, afxazni evedrebian mTidan uvneblad da mSvi-

dobianad Camogviyvaneo.

ananha [ananhva]

15 agvistos, anu mariamobas afxazi uwodebs anan-

has [ananhva]. afxazuri enis aramcodnec hxedavs, rom

erTi nawili am sityvisa xmaurobs msgavsad nana da mar-

Tlac es sityva Semdgaria sityvaTagan: anan, nana da nhara

[anuhvara]_`locva~; ananha [ananhva] _ nanas saxelobaze

locva, nanas dResaswaulia. Tu Cven gvecodineba es Cven

dromdinac darCenili salocavi, romelsac afxazi aRas-

rulebs am dRes, maSin ukeT mivxvdebiT am saxelwodebis

mniSvnelobas... saxlis ufrosi dedakaci aiRebs gamomcx-

var mWads, zed erT vercxlis fuls, egred wodebuls (anan

lfara) `nanas fuls~ dasdebs, Sedis bostanSi da Cerdeba

kitris ZirTan: sam kitris foTols mWads qveS amosdebs,

sams zeviT moafarebs da sams Tavze daidebs. mokidebul

sanTels kitrisave Rers miawebebs, xolo TviTon jer sak-

meveliT xelSi loculobs: `dedano gamCenno! Svilebis

simwares nu miCveneb, maTTvis gabdRvnilad kuTxeSi nu

damsvam, maTs sikeTes damaswari~.

qfaT oqvnaS

SabaTs, axal anu Tomas kviriakis wina dRiT (anu

naaRdgomevis erT-erT SabaTs) afxazi loculobs qfa-

Tis saxelobaze (saWiroa Sesawiravi yveli, mWadi, zedaSe

Rvino, sanTel-sakmeveli da sxv.), saerTod mTeli jala-

bobis, saxlobis saRad da uvneblad (ufro ciebisagan)

dacvisaTvis. am salocavisaTvis momzadebul saWmels

marto ojaxis wevrni sWamen. xalxSi Tqmulebaa: `aR-

dgomasaviT Cvens mokeTes mouvides, qafaTasaviT_Sens

mtersao~, radgan aRdgomis saWmeli aravis ar aRekrZa-

leba da, maSasadame, SesaZloa ukeT molxena, xolo qafa-

Tis dRes ki es ar SeiZleba.

qfaTis saxelze locvis aRsrulebis swors, kidev Sa-

baTs dRes, TiTqmis imave wesiTa da xorageulobiT loc-

uloben ̀ qvanaS~-as saxeliT, romelsac agreTve saerTod

evedrebian ojaxisaTvis...

aq da zemoT mecamete salocavSi moxsenebuli ̀ qfaT~,

`qvanaS~ da `mjaT~-is Sesaxeb am droebiT mets veras vi-

tyviT. qfaT da mjaT mamakacis saxelebia exla.

kidev saqonlis salocavebi

wvril oTx-fex saqonels, mTisken garekis win, SabaT

dRes, ulocaven `CemuqvaTi~ da cikniT `gareulebis~,

e.i. mkvdrebis saxelze! amave dRes saRamoTi rZis qaSiT

ulocaven aiTaris saxeliT. am qaSs pirvelad qals aW-

meven, iqneba Zroxebma safure xborebi moigono... meore

dRes mamakacni midian tyeSi, sadac akeTeben patara kar-

avs, romelzedac daawyoben saWiro xorageulobas. gver-

84 85

saviT yurze Camohkideben da aqedanaa warmomdgari am sa-

locavis afxazuri saxelwodeba.

TviT locvis dros wminda, umanko qals mihyavs avad-

myofi Txilis Ziras. Svidi Txilis joxs miwaSi CaarWobs

da TviToeuls TiTo Rer sanTels miakravs, aanTebs da

joxebSua avadmyofs daaCoqebs da ise ulocavs. Ses-

awiravad aqvT mrgvali puri. am locvis dros axseneben

klde-klde mosiarule hanifas _ axra-axra inyvoo han-

ifa (hanifa afxazurad dedakacis saxelia). es salocavi

ukeTesia aRasrulon saqonlis mTisken garekis dros,

vinaidan igi, `klde-klde mosiarule hanifa~, romel-

sac daWerili hyavs avadmyofi, am dros saqonels mTaze

ahyveba. Semodgomaze saqonlis Camorekis dros rom

ulocon, mTidam Camosuli hanifa iqneba xelmeored See-

yaros avadmyofs.

saRmrTo da zeviTuri, anu mexis salocavi

yvela avadmyofobaTa Soris, romelnic, afxazis az-

riT, gamowveulni arian sxvadasxva zegardmo mizeziTa

da braliT, anu sxvadasxva keTil da mavne momqmed arse-

baTa mier, Cven SegviZlia davasaxeloT is avadmyofoba,

romelsac afxazi racxs Sedegad RvTis `mizezisa~ an

bralisa. am avadmyofobis niSnebi aris Semdegi: avad-

myofi Zalian Sewuxebulia, temperatura Cqar-Cqara ecv-

leba, xan matulobs, xan klebulobs da amisdagvarad xan

`civ~, xan `cxel~ ofls asxams; xan bneda ereva da TiTqos

kvdeba, magram uceb iseTi Zal-Rone Semouva, rom kedels

(facxisas) amtvrevs, Werisaken xteba. erTis sityviT, ram-

denime kaci ver imagrebs loginze; xSirad xeli, an fexi

moukrunCxdeba da ase uSeSdeba, uZravad urCeba, Tvalebi

gadmoutrialdeba da sxv. ufro sayuradReboa misi su-

lieri mdgomareoba: avadmyofi, romelmac Tavis dReSi ara

icoda ra simRerisa, iwyebs mSvenier simRerasa da locvas.

sadambadeblo `aSacanha~ [aSacanuhva]

dambadeblebis, anu gamCen-gamomsaxavTa saxelze

loculobs marto dedakaci. TiToeul amaTgans hyavs

amisaTvis yur-moWrili Zroxa. am Zroxis xboiT an im

wels, roca safure xbos moigebs Zroxa, ori yveruliT

ulocavs gareSe wminda dedakaci da SesTxovs gamCen-

gamomsaxavebs qalis, misi qmrisa da mTeli misi ojaxisaT-

vis. es zemore moxsenebul salocavTan (nanas salocavi)

aris SeerTebuli da amitom yvela imisTvis saWiro sag-

nebi saWiroa am ukanasknelisaTvisac: oTxi kveri, mamali,

`nanas fuli~ (dambadeblebis `nana fuli~ kiserze abia

yovel dedakacs).

Tmaze salocavi

Sua didmarxvaSi icodnen Tmis locva: mTeli sof-

lis qalebi Seikribebodnen, akeTebdnen mraval xozos

da mihqondaT wylis piras. aq wminda dedakaci qalebs

miazomebda msxvils da grZels da ambobda: `am sigrZe, am

simsxoo~, igulisxme: Tma. eseTi saTxovari qalebisa mi-

marTuli iyo wylis dedis mimarT.

yuris salocavi(ahsa r lmha iklou [ahvsa rlimha ikilou] _`qalebis

yurze Camobmuli~)

muxlebis kveTa, uxasiaToba da sazogadod sisuste,

Tu avadmyofs yursa da TvalSi elandeba xSirad cecxlis

ali an talkvesis gakvra, es bralisagan aris da es brali,

afxazis azriT, `friad mZime ram aris~. am SemTxvevaSi

avadmyofs Semoavleben Rils, romelsac Semdeg sayure-

86 87

(an RmerTni) moTavsebuli avadmyofSi da raRac danaSau-

lobisaTvis Txoulobs dakmayofilebasa da imuqreba,

imsxverplos ara erTi da ori, aramed mTeli saxlobac.

namdvilad darwmunebuli, rom RmerTi imyofeba avad-

myofSi, afxazi, roca hkiTxaven am saxiT: `riT arian avad

im saxlobaSio?~ pasuxs iZleva: `RmerTi stumrad hyav-

To~ (anca drToup) [ancva dirToup].

mkiTxavi an ukeT `melobie~ lobios marcvlebis ga-

dayr-gadmoyris Semdeg kvers ukravs da uxsnis Wirisu-

flebs, Tu ris gamo SebrZanebula RmerTi da ra gvaris

locviT SeuZliaT Tavi gamoixsnan sikvdilisagan.

im droidan, rodesac avadmyofoba aRiarebuli iqne-

ba Sedegad RvTis bralisa, im saxlSi, sadac avadmyo-

fia, yovelgvari mwuxareba mxiarulebad iqceva, radgan,

aSkaraa, iq, sadac RmerTi imyofeba, mxiaruleba marTebs

kacs da ara urva-mwuxareba. axalgazrdani mTeli sof-

lidgan ikribebian da saxlSi, sadac momakvdavi adamiani

wevs, imarTeba cekva-simRera. am SemTxvevisaTvis simRe-

rac aris, romelsac sxva dros krZalvisa da SiSis gamo

ver ityvian xolme. araTu simReraSi, rogorc zemoTac

iyo aRniSnuli, aramed cekvaSiac avadmyofic Rebulobs

zogjer monawileobas. amasobaSi, meores mxriT, mzadeba

midis Cveulebisamebr da mkiTxavisagan naCveneb wesze sa-

locavis asasruleblad. saqme mTels gvarovnobas Seex-

eba. locva usaTuod kvira dRes unda aRasrulon. garda

ori Sesawiravi saklavisa, romelTagan erTi kravi an ver-

Zia, meore_ Tikani an vaci, saWiroa ori Rvezeli, ori

puri da ori Reri wminda sanTeli (verZi, erTi puri da

erTi sanTeli RvTis saxelze da vaci, erTi puri da erTi

sanTeli miqel-gabrielis saxelze), moxarSuli xozoebi;

erTi kidev patara spilenZis qvabi da pawawina (rkinis)

Camosakidebeli naWa. ukanaskneli ori nivTi mxolod am

dRes ixmareba, sxva dros wmindad aqvT Senaxuli. yvela

CamoTvlili nivTi da sxva saWiro xorageuloba cotad

SesaniSnavi is aris, rom igi Tavisi saxeliT ki ar lapara-

kobs, aramed ise, TiTqos sxva vinme dabudebuli da moT-

avsebuli iyos mis gvamSi: `me Tqvens avadmyofs suls amo-

vuReb, Tu amas da amas ar izamTo~. ase laparakobs igi ara

erTxel, aramed TiTqmis mudam da daJinebiT; xan muqariT

mimarTavs vinmes da maSin esec imgvaradve avad gaxdeba.

ase aqvT warmodgenili es avadmyofoba afxazebs da asec

aris: mravali magaliTi gagvigonia amisi da Cven TviTon

vyofilvarT mowme ramdenime SemTxvevaSi. es avadmyofoba

SesaniSnavia rogorc fiziologiurad, ise fsixiuradac

da afxazebs Soris afxazisave saSualeba xSirad ukeT Sve-

lis mas, vidre namdvili saeqimo Semweoba da RonisZieba.

saqme is aris, rom rodesac adamiani wveba loginSi rame

avadmyofobis gamo, sanam misi seni jer ar gamwvavebula,

igi, rasakvirvelia, fiqrobs Tavisi avadmyofobis mizez-

ze. aq, cxadia, SesaZloa, afxazi waawydes azrs: iqneba avad

viyo zegardmo `bralisa anu mizezisa~ gamo, vinaidan igi

pataraobidanve mtkiced darwmunebulia, rom kaci avad

xdeba amgvarad, da am avadmyofobis xasiaTi da viTareba

man dawvrilebiT icis. raki avadmyofi erTxelve daiwyebs

fiqrs, rom me avad vyofilvar RmerTTa mizeziTao, anu

`RmerTTa bralma~ mavnoo da am avadmyofobis niSnebs war-

moidgens, raki aseTi azri daiwyebs avadmyofis TavSi tri-

als, igi cru da moSlili mosazrebis SemweobiT TandaTan

izrdeba, matulobs da bolos SesaZloa, miiyvanos kaci

imgvar Tavdaviwyebamde, rom daawyebinos laparaki, cekva,

simRera da sxv.

afxazebis SexedulobiT ki es avadmyofoba, rogorc

zeviTa vTqviT, aris namdvili Sedegi RmerTTa `bralisa~

da risxvisa (anca r mzz) [ancva rimziz]: TviT RmerTiao28

28 aq igulisxmeba ara WeSmariti RmerTi, aramed warmarTuli keTili an

boroti, Tumca locvaSi ixseneben RmerTs da mere mixeil da gabriel

mTavarangelozTa, magram es qristianobis zemoqmedobaa. TviT saxel-

wodeba (anca r mzz) [ancva rimziz], rogorc zeviT gavarCieT, pirdapir

dedaTa (RmerTTa) mizezi, bralia. amitomaa rom mec R m e r T s ga-

nurCevlad vxmarob xan mravlobiTad, xanac mxolobiTSi.

88 89

locvas imgvaradve asruleben, mxolo im gansxvavebiT,

rom zogierTni TikniTa da kraviT kmayofildebian an

kidev usisxlo SesawiraviT.

garda moxsenebuli avadmyofobisa aris kidev sxva

mizezi, ris gamoc afxazi kisrulobs yovelwlobiT amg-

var salocavs da yovel kvira TiTo dRis uqmobas. es miz-

ezi aris mexis dacema, rasac igi TiTqmis mometebuli

SiSiT Sehyurebs. rodesac mexi moxvdeba afxazis qone-

bas: saxls, pirutyvs, xes an mamuls, afxazi amas sTvlis

mexis risxvad da amitom maSinaTve mimarTavs mkiTxavs;

ekiTxeba, ra mizezia da rogor unda moviqceo. mkiTxavic

dauniSnavs locvas da dRis dacvas. wesi locvisa TiTqmis

erTi da igivea, rogorc pirvel salocavSi, im gansxvave-

biT, rom aq evedrebian pirdapir mexs. saqoneli, romel-

sac mexi moxvdeba, afxazis rwmeniT, ise mZimea, rom aTasi

kacic ver daanZrevs adgilidan. magram aseT saqonels

ferxuliT Tu irgvliv Semouares da imReres erTi sim-

Rera, romelsac `atlarCoufa~-s simReras uwodeben,

maSin Cveulebrivi siadviliT asweven saqonels. rogorc

`saRmrTo bralis~ avadmyofobis dros, ise aqac mwux-

areba da tirili aRar SeiZleba. Tu TviTon adamiani im-

sxverpla mexma, mas ar dastirian da ar marxaven miwaSi,

aramed moxsenebuli simReriTa da cekviT aaqvT maRla

xis wverze da iq stoveben, TiTqos amiT undaT isev zeci-

dan Camomaval mexs dauaxlovon29.

zemonaTqvamidan gamodis, rom iseT gvarsa an ojax-

Si, sadac emarTaT `saRmrTo~ an mexis salocavi, kvlav

gamoCnda `saRmrTo~ mizeziT avadmyofoba an moxvda mexi

visme, an rasme, maSin mkiTxavi im mosazrebiT, rom dRe

29 am mokle droSi iyo aseTi SemTxveva. tirodnen da asaflavebdnen

micvalebuls. mexma mohkla iqve maxlobliv ori xari. uceb tirili cek-

vad da moxsenebul atlarCoufas simRerad Seicvala. es xarebi maRla

xeze Sesdes da Semdeg mkvdari daasaflaves Cumad da dautireblad...

saxlze daSorebiT, tyian alagas gaaqvT, sadac wminda

moxuci, marjvniv mobrunebisa da Sesaferi locvis war-

moTqmis Semdeg, hklavs saklavebs, romelsac iqve hxar-

Saven. aqve miwaSi CaarWoben oTx kavebian joxebs, amaze

gasdeben or xarixas, romlebzedac gardigardmo ga-

dahyrian joxebs da sul zeviT moayrian foTlebs. am

araxelovnur tablas gadaafareben mitkals da imaze

daawyoben yvela Sesawiravs. aqve Camohkideben naWas da

masze pawawina `saRmrTo qvabs~. am saxiT, roca yovelive

mzadaa, mohyavT avadmyofi da ayeneben am tablas win,

gverdiT moudgebian misi gvaris warmomadgenelni (mx-

olod qalebi ki ver miekarebian am wminda alags), xolo

wminda moxuci aiRebs sanTels da ambobs: `dido RmerTo!

dRevandeli mlocveli, rogorc rigia da mkiTxavis naTq-

vamis Tanaxmad, warmosdga Sens winaSe, moitana mSvenieri

saklavebi, purebi... Seiwyale, Seibrale igi, Tu ram Seg-

coda, apatie, gTxov dReis iqiT ganaTavisuflo gaxsni-

li naskvis magvarad~. sanTels gadaavlebs, moukidebs da

iq miawebebs. Semdeg meore sanTliT mimarTavs agreTve

miqel-gabriels. locvis ceremoniaTa Sesrulebis Sem-

deg avadmyofi, `moyvanili sakaciT, martodmarto midis

Sin~, danarCenni ki iqve sadiloben da Semdeg simRera-

cekviT dros atareben. saRamoze iSleba xalxi da danar-

Cen saWmelsa da tyavs aq xeze stoveben.

am `bralisa gamo~ afxazi valad idebs romelime dRis

wmindad dacvas, uqmebas. am dRes, sxvas Tavi rom da-

vaneboT, saxlsac ki ara hgvian. gareSe kacs aras gasaWir-

Si am dRes muqTad, sanaTxovrod, Tund safasodac iyos,

ara ras aZleven.

marto aRwerilis wesiT, salocav-SesawiraviT ver

gaistumrebs afxazi RmerTs, aramed yovelwlobiT unda

gaimeoron locva, rom wlis ganmavlobaSi raime Sec-

domiT ar Serisxon zena. am yovelwlobiT ganmeorebiT

90 91

mzakvroba da misnoba, cxadia, mWedeli sxva saqmeebSiac

unda iyos ostati. marTlac, ara Tu SeuZlian mas avad-

myofis gamokeTeba, morCena, aramed igi gamocdili da

daxelovnebulia simRera-cekvasa da poeziaSiac. sityve-

bi `mWedeli~, `Wedva~ xSirad ixmareba meleqseebis Ses-

axeb, rogorc germanulSi, mxolod dacinvis kiloTi ki

ara.

raki cneba mWedeli Seicavs mxatvrobas, raki erTx-

el mWedels SeuZlia avadmyofis morCena, advilad war-

mosadgenia, rom masve SeuZlian kacis avad gaxdenac...

amitom mWedeli, romelic akeTebs magari nivTierebi-

sagan, rkinisagan mSvenier nivTebs, mWedeli, romelic

daxelovnebulia simRera-cekvasa da poeziaSi, mWedeli,

romelic arCens da avad xdis adamians, ai, aseTi kaci, ra

gasakviria, dids pativdebaSi rom iyos. araTu Zvelad,

aramed exlac mWedlebi finlandiaSi didad pativcemul-

ni arian: maTTan miaqvT arayi da sxvani, rom maTi guli

moigon. dResac amgvarsave pativdebaSi arian mWedlebi

afxazebSi.

afxazeTSi samWedlos da mWedels igive mniSvnelo-

ba aqvs, rac morwmune qristianeTaTvis saydarsa da

mRvdels da kidev metic. mWedlobis xelobis momgon-

sa hqvian: SaSa xe _ ah-dou [SaSvi xi ah-du] (SaSa, xelis

(xelosnobis) didi batoni), anu SemoklebiT SaS [SaSvi].

SaSaze, rogorc pirvel mWedelze, mogviTxroben afxa-

zebi, rom igi gaxurebul rkinas pirdapir xeliT iRebda,

grdemlis magivrad muxlze daidebda da ase sWedavdao.

sxva bevri ara viciT ra am SaSaze [SaSvize], Cans ki, rom

igi ara marto mWedlobis, aramed 363 xelobis gamCeni da

mfarvelia; igi saSinlad Zlieri da ficxia. misi saxeliT

ficuloben da swyevlian erTmaneTs afxazebi ubralo

laparaksa da saqmeebSiac. TviT samWedlo Tavisi iaraRe-

biTa da mowyobilobebiT aris SaSas [SaSvi] xati da sxva

ara ra. Cven gvesmis Semdegi fraza afxazisagan: `SaSa bJ-

SegSliaTo, an rame uwesobiT SeuracxgiyviaT salocav-

io, uniSnavs axlad salocavs da axals kidev sxva dRes

sauqmeblad. amitom Cven vxedavT afxazebSi ara erTsa da

or gvars an ojaxs mainc, romelnic yovel kvira or-ors

dRes inaxaven da usaqmod atareben.

mWedlisa da samWedlos mniSvneloba afxazebSi

Tavis siymawvileSi kacobrioba gakvirvebiTa da gao-

cebiT Sescqeris zogierT xelovnurad nawarmoeb sag-

nebs. amitom is kaci, romelic amgvar sagnebs akeTebs,

misi SexedulebiT, araCveulebrivi kacia, magaliTad,

meqoTne, romelic Tavis ubralo maSiniT uformo da

uxazo nivTeulobas aZlevs mSvenier formas. uZveles

dros Zvelni egviptelni RmerTTagans gamoxatavdnen

xolme meWurWlis saxiT, romelic Tavis dazgaze adami-

ans aZlevs agebulobis saxes.

am mxriv xeloba mWedlisa, romelic adnobs magar

liTonsa da hWedavs da akeTebs sxvadasxva sasargeblo

nivTebsa da iaraRebs, pirvelyofili kacobriobis war-

modgenaSi ufro gasaocari unda yofiliyo.

TviT es xeloba mWedlisa, rogorc erTxmad gviCve-

neben uZvelesni Tqmulebani sxvadasxva xalxisa, gamog-

onilia da mas pirvelad misdevdnen uzenaesni arseba-

ni. Semdeg, rodesac adamianmac xeli mihyo am xelobas,

Znelad warmosadgeni iyo pirvandeli kacisaTvis, rom

adamians SeZleba hqonodes mWedloba gaewia TvalTmaq-

cur da mzakvrul saSualebaTa umeoxod. aqedan bevr

xalxTa TqmulebaSi mWedlis epiTets Seadgens mzakvari,

cbieri, cru da sxv.30 raki mWedloba upiratesi xarisx-

ia adamianis xelobisa, raki am xelobisaTvis saWiroa

30 mWedeli afxazurad _ aris aJii. SeiZleba es sityva warmomdgaria

zmnisagan aJara (Ziri aJ), motyueba, daRoreba. da marTlac, afxazebSi

mWedlebi sazogadod crud da momtyueblebad iTvlebian.

92 93

vilad), damnaSave icno, samarTalSi gamoiwvia, magram,

vTqvaT, momxreTa SemweobiT gaeqca. maSin patroni dak-

argulisa midis mWedelTan da misi surviliTa da nebar-

TviT (muqTad xom ar iqneba) Sedis samWedloSi da aq das-

wyevlis da `gadascems~ qurds: `...xato! Tu Zala gaqvs,

ama da am kacma mompara... egre avad gahxade, Cem saxelsa

hyvirodes, cxviridan sisxli gasdiodes ise, rogorc am

sanTels (aq igi Savad SeRebil wminda Camoqnil mokide-

bul sanTels TavdaRma gadmoatrialebs) da mobrunebas

nu miscem, manam xatis xvedrs ar gamoiRebs da Cemsas or

wilad ar gadamixdis~. ityvis amas da grdemlze kvers

dahkravs. rom ukeT mohxedos xatma, mowiwebiT dahgvis

samWedlos, Tu mamakacia _ yabalaxiT, Tu qalia _ Tavi-

si saxuraviT. darwmunebulia, rom adre Tu gvian Txovna

Seusruldeba da damSvidebuli brundeba Sin. gava dro.

dawyevlil ojaxSi (an mis Svilis an SvilisSvilis ojax-

Si) gaxdeba vinme avad samWedlos nabralevi avadmyo-

fobiT: cxviridan sisxlis dena, piriT berva an xelebis

weva win da ukan rig-rigad emarTeba, TiTqos mWedlis

sabervels eweodeso da sxv. ase agviwers afxazebis fan-

tazia am avadmyofobas. Wirisuflebi maSinve mimarTven

mkiTxavs, romelic umtkicebs, rom samWedlos mizeziao

da aTasnairi xerxiT gamoikiTxavs; Semdeg dausaxelebs

im kacs, romelsac dauwyevlia. es kaci unda daakmay-

ofilon misi survilisa da mkiTxavis rCevis Tanaxmad.

Semdeg ki an maSinve da an avadmyofis mobrunebisTanave,

avadmyofi im mWedels unda daalocvinon, romlis sam-

WedloSiac iqna dawyevlili. amisaTvis saWiroa avad-

myofma miiyvanos ori saklavi vaci mkiTxavis daniSnuli

wlovanebisa. erTi saklavi mWedels rCeba, meore ki ikv-

leba. moxarSuli saklavis asoebi da sxva saWiro xoragi

SemoaqvT samWedloSi, sadac Semodis mlocvelic. aq

mWedeli wesisamebr mimarTavs TxovniT SaSas [SaSvi] da

sTxovs avadmyofis mobrunebasa da gaTavisuflebas da

nxa iuxaraxeit [SaSvi bJnixa iuxaraxeit] _ SaSas Svidma

xatma `gebralos~ _ gavnos~.

mWedeli, romelsac abaria aseTi RvTaebrivi xeloba,

cdilobs wmindad da umankod Seinaxos, Torem sasjeli

moelis SaSasagan [SaSvi]. SecdomaTa asacileblad da

imitom rom SaSa [SaSvi] mudam mfarvelad da mokeTed

iyolios, mWedeli yovelwlobiT ixdis xolme salocav-

sawiravs. es salocavi sruldeba ase. yovel mWedels

umarxia samWedlos qvevri, romelSic yovelwlobiT ay-

enebs Rvinos. axaliwlis wina RamiT am salocavisaTvis

hklaven vacs (anu Zveladganve qristianebi Rors), acxo-

ben or mogrZo yvelian purs, Rvezels, erTs farTosa da

mrgvals, da xozoebs. saklavis gul-RviZli da zogi sxva

asoebi, purebi da samWedlos Wuridan zedaSed erTi boT-

li Rvino Seaqvs mWedels samWedloSi, sadac igi mrgval

purs grdemlze dadebs, or Rvezels win mxrebze miidebs

da ase muxlmoyrili Seevedreba SaSas [SaSvi]: `SaSa xe ah-

dou [SaSvi xi ah-du], samas samocda samTa xelobaTa gam-

Ceno!~ da sxv. Semdeg Tavis Tavisa da sazogado locvisa

locviT gadaavlebs sam-sam `xozos~ Tavis ojaxis Tvi-

Toeul wevrTa da sxv.

samWedlos anu SaSa-bJas [SaSvi bJ] xats samarTalSi

igive mniSvneloba aqvs, rac saxarebas da cxovelmyofel

jvars morwmune qristianeTaTvis, anu rogorc wminda

giorgis xats. ise, rogorc xatebi erTnairad Zlierni

ar arian (xalxis warmodgeniT), zogi samWedlonic ufro

ficxelni arian, zogic_naklebad. visac fics gauCend-

nen Tavis gasamarTleblad, is ficulobda samWedloSi

(ficis miRebis dros ityoda `am xatis madlmao~ da kvers

dahkravda grdemlze). Tumca kanoniT dRes akrZalulia,

mainc afxazi Sinaurulad exlac xSirad ficulobs sam-

Wedlosa da samWedloSi. ai magaliTic:

vTqvaT, afxazs mohpares rame (araTu samWedur ia-

raRebis, mWedlis qonebis moparvasac vin gahbedavs ad-

94 95

Sesawiravi samWeduri xati da didZali saCuqari mWedels.

gaTavisuflebis, dalocvisa da azatis micemis dros

mWedeli Tavis naSegirdals gaatans TiTo xel samWedur

iaraRs. axali mWedeli amis Semdeg Tavisas gamarTavs sam-

Wedlos da TiTonac mexaturi xdeba. mibarebulma, rom

vera iswavlos ra mWedlis xelosnobisa, rac ufro xSirad

xdeba, radgan mWedeli _ ostati imdenad Segirdis gamoz-

rdasa da swavlebas ar daeZebs, ramdenadac mis samsaxurs,

mainc sakmao xnis Semdeg, Tuki Tavis gamoxsna SeiZlo, Tan

miaqvs TiTo xeli am samWedlos gamonayofi iaraReuloba

(uamisod ar iqneba), rom calke samWedlos, ukeT salocav-

is, daarseba SeeZlos. amitom Cven vxedavT afxazeTSi bevr

mosaxles, romelTac Wedvisa ara ician ra da samWedlo

yvela iaraRebi ki calke patara facxaSi wmindad Senaxu-

li aqvT, rogorc ubralo iaraRebi ki ara, aramed rogorc

xati, romlis winaSe TavTavis drosa da rigze locvebs as-

ruleben da iaraRebi mamidan Svilze gadadis.

magram vai im Segirds, romelic gulnaklisad Tavisi

ostatis datovebas moindomebs. maSin ostati iaraRs aRar

gaatans da arc dalocavs da amgvari wasvla xom sikeTes

ar moutans. iaraRebianadac rom gaistumros, mainc os-

tati, Tu ki gulSi raime xvanji CarCenili aqvs, Tavis xats

Seevedreba da gadahkidebs, avad gaxdis da isev Tavis ul-

mobel klanWebSi Caigdebs Tavis naSegirdals. ai, aseTi

didi mniSvneloba aqvs samWedlos da mWedels afxazebSi

da amitom maTi yvelas eSinia da yvela mowiwebiT epyroba.

bolos zurgze xelis wasmiTa da azatis micemiT gamouS-

vebs. mWedels ̀ dalocvis fasad~ eZleva ramdenime maneTi

da kidev calke fuli Sig samWedlos mosaxmareblad.

zogierTi dawyevlili da gadacemuli kaci xSirad

erTi locviT ver Tavisufldeba samWedlos xatisagan

da mWedlis begarisagan. saqme is aris, rom igi valde-

bulia yovel weliwads, samWedlos salocavis dRes, e.i.

axalwliswina Rames movides imave mWedelTan, moiyvanos

TiTo mamali da sxv. da Tavi daalocvinos. es kaci iwode-

ba am samWedlos qveSe-mlocvelad, mas calke Tavis sax-

lSi ar marTebs da arc SeuZlia samWedlos salocavi,

mxolod ki valdebulia moxsenebuli saxiT ilocos am

samWedloSi. amis ausruleblobis gamo mWedeli dawyev-

lis da `xatic~ gadaekideba. aqedan TiToeul samWedlos

mravali sxvadasxva gvarisa da soflis qveSe-mlocveli

hyavs da, maSasadame, TviToeul mWedlisas axali wlis

wina Rames mravali mamali daikvlis.

Tu visme Zlier gaujavrda da `ebrala~ samWedlo,

maSin igi marto xsenebuli locviTa da msxverpliT ver

daixsnis Tavs SaSas [SaSvi] risxvisagan: saWiroa mWedels

giraod, mosamsaxured Svili dauyenos. Tu es ver moxda

mcirewlovanebis an sxva ram mizezis gamo, am SemTxveva-

Si ymawvils Tmas Seuwvaven da pirobas sdeben, rom, raki

igi wamoizrdeba, SaSas [SaSvi] mosamsaxured warudginon.

amgvar ymawvils SeuZlia am pirobas gadauxvios, rasak-

virvelia, mkiTxavis darigebiT, mxolod im pirobiT ki,

rom Tavisi Svili mainc mWedlad (SaSas [SaSvi] win mosamsax-

ured) usaTuod gagzavnos. Tu es piroba droTa viTarebis

gamo daviwyebul iqna, SesaZloa, afxazebis azriT, mTeli

saxloba sruliad amoswydes.

samWedlos xatis win mosamsaxured dayenebulma kacma

anu ubralo Segirdma mWedlisam unda iswavlos xeloba.

swavlis Sesrulebis Semdeg mSoblebma unda amoixsnan

dagiravebuli Svili. amisaTvis saWiroa moutanon kargi

96 97

sarCevi

redaqtorebisagan .........................................................................5

winasityvaoba ..................................................................................8

afxazi. _ xasiaTi afxazisa. _ Zarcva, Tavdasxma

da qurdoba. _ mWevrmetyveloba. _ sisxlis Ziebis

saqme. _samSoblos siyvaruli, _ stumarTmoyvareoba,

darbaisloba da salami. _ formalistoba, namusi da

sargebloba. _ saero TamaSobani da saxalxo poezia. ......10

yofa-cxovreba afxazTa. _ ojaxi. _ qalis mdgomareoba .......27

gazrda. gazrdili. gamzrdeli ................................................34

colis SerTvis wesi afxazeTSi................................................40

micvalebulis datireba ...........................................................46

religiuri rwmenani afxazTa ..................................................56

religia afxazTa.-micvalebulTa sulni._

mzakvarni._WeSmariti RmerTi._misi afxazuri

saxelwodeba anca [ancva]._etimologia da mniSvneloba am

sityvisa._ warmarToba._`gamCen-gamomWedelni~ .............56

salocavebi ....................................................................................68

dedamiwis salocavi ....................................................................70

wylis salocavi ............................................................................72

cisartyelas salocavi ..............................................................74

qaris salocavi (fSarnha) [fSarnihva] ...................................75

xis salocavi .................................................................................75

sagareo salocavi (adnya) [advniya] .........................................76

aJaharas salocavi .......................................................................77

Wapu ..................................................................................................77

Jabranis [Jvabranis] salocavi .................................................78

xozos daWera (axvaJkra) [axvaJvkira] ....................................79

futkris salocavi .....................................................................81

mjaT .................................................................................................81

qfaT oqvnaS ...................................................................................82

kidev saqonlis salocavebi ......................................................82

ananha [ananhva] ...............................................................................83

sadambadeblo `aSacanha~ [aSacanuhva] ...................................84

Tmaze salocavi ............................................................................84

yuris salocavi ............................................................................85

saRmrTo da zeviTuri, anu mexis salocavi ..........................85

mWedlisa da samWedlos mniSvneloba afxazebSi ................90

> filemoebTa CaTvliT. anTropologia aris centri, romel-Sic, rogorc fokusSi, Tavs iyris codnis yvela...

Documents

Transcript of > filemoebTa CaTvliT. anTropologia aris centri, romel-Sic, rogorc fokusSi, Tavs iyris codnis yvela...