t3y :rulia 'WtiKi~t H~e~ve ,(Exam ~,e Mond~, 4fI;C1Il~8 )

~.7uf~:a wxigt~t H~~rve, aht~ ~s auz~z~ently living

wx~.t~.ny ~ Pamxis, France, is the d~;ugh~e~r of ~Chtagreatest black r~o~~rl,ist ~~ the ~ep.~~Cury, R3,chard War~;ght * Th~~r articlewas translated f~cam 'the Fxamch bythe

Foreign Las'Igw~a,~e Department ofBLACK POWER : x~ews~paper : )

M~,rt in~ Luther I~ n~, is

mamotq,, ~is associated; witk~` a wou~ad:

x was ; . ;a school girl . ~ fafh+~aac, the ax3..~ . ,ter. .Rich~rd wright,

s+~~t fag m~ ~e :,~~that l could be ntrodua~d tC> l~X71r'

a1x~~ady il~.ua~trioua ,pexson, .gmsa~i

. ;: .thzaugh

P`~ ac 3.s .

` He had ~~~.

.b,~se~ , .:. {carat ~~iued on next ~pasy~ )

-

,

.

?he

Slac~C Mer

t~"~~~ . ~ ~ ~ . . ~ ~ . ~ . ~SWa~iIi Lesson ., .,~~ . . .-rrrr . . .~tD~tym. . . . . . . .r . : . ., . . . . . . . .. : .. :Global V~~W~rrrrrr.~r .rrrrrrs~~BLtZ¢'~~.tl~, ,: . $Qe~1~ i . r . ro . ~ . . . i . . : . . ;, : , x~Soul: .S:ista t . : . . : . : , :. . . . : : . . . . : .

a,TRa~C~, ,~t~ch®fir ~a'nd Aufus . . . . . . . . 20x©~t~s

o~ ~

~A

. : . : . : . . . : : : : . ~ . :

a

p8,g~n~ :'1~~3oamer3Cana .rr . . . .rrr . .Rditar~ W,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Ma1';Clls

Ga,~'Vey r r r . . r . . r . . . . . r . . r . rVolume 2, . No . 12 - ,Publ~ahed by

.~i0U5B . Og UMQ,TA (UN ft`Y )P,Or ].~&7., ~~an. i~ancisea~ 9~41~:~

DR, MAFtTi1V LUTHER K°ING (continued)

the victim of an attack,

~onmy

father " s request, he showed me thatwound, hardly closeds "fhe pxine "~~ explained,""that we, the Blackaaale paying ,for our ].ibeza~ior~, ,r

~Iaxtin ~;uther King t s canc~eznnationt~:death was announced lahg,beforeA,p~il 4, 1968, and even beforre thec~~~th oi~ l+ialcolm X, whc~, waiting afew days before his own as~assina-~

said : "My vgice is` only a,~aice among others : But acir goal~a~ alwa~rs°been the 'e~me :~ Certain-~yi ~Y mathods are~rad3cally oppose-e;d to those of Dr : King, �the apos-tle of non-violence, a' doctrinethat h~,s the advantage of pa~.nt ngup the brutality, of whites towafds_'Tacks,,

But in the' atmc~sphex'e thatxeigns present7.~ in America, x aiekmyse~,f which

ofthese -,TWO extrem-

ists :

the

'violent' Malcolm .X orthe

',non-violent,'; .Dr t ~ Kinq wall.l bedead first? �

,.Todayy ~Stokely ,Carmichael,

Rapgxown~'°~u~

Neraton, at~d the numerous Blacl~"'leadexs Who advocate selfdefense here ,taken up th~2.se p~ap~he-t e. words and applied them to them-aselves,. -

S:?,nce` they grey ready-madetargets

the logic bf,t,h,a systemcc~nc~emns

just as we].3~" . thef as the,.�~~.x~nacence (and ignarai~c~,~r o:E :aagM;, :`

v~:alenCe .

The ° dresem of , Martin .Lugther K3rsg~ did not 't3ie, . as"� ,7ol~nsansaid, "with him," but ratter befare~ `him,

az~d

it was

;just

`this ' (thedeath ,,of'iiis drr~a~m) that 1c~hed' the,`man . . "Bettiveen~ Augu~ct 1963 ; and April1:968 i

between ' a "Mach of ~'ashing-ton" "tha'C

ogk place

and ; a ."Niaxchan. Was~fng~,^ahR'

'that

was ' ` to

take 'Qlace

f ve ., :ai.~pbztant ~r~azs ' wexep a~tod ©ut .. : ~ Five- y,eaxs that markedthe- t~xa~3c ire»erary of a 131ae1s �who~,n ~h3s de~p~xa' : efforts

to sksr~,nk'the' gad

that ~tubbmrnly grows. bet-wean the ghettQS anc~ the white ~ow-er used himself up . The slow check'gradual,' often 3mgerceptible, thewall of despair.Fizst "conxroritat.iani � the dQ

nunciation by Malcolm X and the di-s nherited of the ghetto, and thepolitical and financial mishandling

of the Washington march .fib 1963 hY'

Dr . Kir:g

aid, ;ptheleader .

Then Mafter ~hi

death bleader,s~ . denounceally'aut of date"violence by ,raisi;nthe war~~:n VietnamKing

ab~igsd to~ rsistance' of theorganiza~¢,ioi~ . ' '"I

the young ,who arjected,~

`-send , ~,angx,"I , toted " them " ,thasalvr~ their ,px,o}a~.econ~iinced ~ -~Ghat . so;nevex

be ~ ~ceallythrough~-nvn " violasked me ,q " ar~d "they-so : + and " ~lieth~m? 1+cruehed " sne~ ~ and " I .never again raiseviol~ncei~ of~ thosein the ~ghet~tb~s~ i:tiusking aut;,, in no` aigai~ns't the greaf

(continued on

ix~~tegrat3onistlcolm, followednumerous J3lackthe "historic-aracter of non-,the gttestiotz ofMartin Luthe

spond to the in "outh of : his own-have gone amongdes~era~e, re-

~ .he admitted .,guns,

,Would 'nots,., hec,~,u,se I wasial ,cha~nge. eou~daGhieued ; c~xcepnce, .

.taut ~ ,they

.were ;fight 1 to doTheir questifans

new' that I dot~ldmy.. va3.ce, ac~ai~stha . aace~ eppxe~sed~hoot, first apes;ier`~ain terms,t inetigatage 24)

a-

.:, ,

N~3~F`tS SEA-UP~ FOR KILL

ACt

J.:,:

. ,

For

a

long : ,tame now,,

the ant,~~, ; :;~ .~xBlack

Oakland

:`.-; . .cops , . ~~. : :~~zavo

~ ..: ac

Yl(. .x ;{

seaxchYng for a means to destroythe Black Panther F,~~t~r:~,.~F~P~~-ilWhich.:.. ._ ~ ,��~,it con~~dex's~..a. . threw . . ... ._,to white su-prema~y and xace oppression in theBay Area .,. .,,,Sat~;u~Cd~y :night, Apxil ~i ,a; .t',~ : ,:f> ~

they

got' what.;,

ey hoped was theirchance.

The set-up ,,r,'~.as,~: ;,~the nation-widestrife bubbling in the wake ofDr, t~aYtin Luther ;;King's assassina-tion . With Black ~tebellions leveling white Amerio'a!-~si' cities

bathNorth and South, the Oakland cops_intend~ad

to

use ".rthe super-charged ;atmo~rphex'e in the Bay Area as astage for,rt'~he~ assassination of Pan-thex .

Ss,tuxday~ :,, ni.~ht~~ ;~ ::~members of

theBPP ~h~,d cangxegated in West Oaklandground 28th and~>Uri3on, reportedlynear the home of a Panther member .The cops, ".~~whac had neither

followedthem ox had stumbled upon them,f Y'st surrounded ~th8' ,

area, and thensent in a squad car with two honkeyi~easts in ort~er~~ta-provoke an inci-dent .

It appears"that -the two cops3'ired fixst on a group of t3rothexswho were in the street, who thenfire d back

on

trie cops in return,wounding both. Some of the Panther saxe said to have been around thecorner to find refuge in homes a-long 28th street, while others madeit up the street . At any rate, thecops, who already had the neighbor-hood entirely surrounded sealed offa two block area and closed in foxwhat they hoped would be a bloodymassacre of Black People .

Cops searched Black homes at gun-point, forcing occupants to lie onthe flloz

w~aile

they ransacked ~erooms .

W~,thaut botheza.ncf to ah~GlC,

BLACK POWER :

PAGE 3

,-, ...they fix~d;~ ;3,`nt`o;~,.a . hs~me, ~at~~,1208 28th

aiF,~+ 1

street nar~Owh~r;,,m~,~.~ ~g and fright-en ng to c~~;~x~;.,.xhree elderly Black

"` ~~atexs

who.' s7.3ved

theye.

Aftercombing t~ough;. ;.,. the entire neiyh-

` :boyhood and ~erroxizing Black xesi-dents there, !be oop's stumbled upon3 panthers who had taken xefuge in-side a house .A gun battle b®twet~n Panthezs and

cops then raged td~r over an hourand a half, with members or" the $~''holding up inside the basement of a.house at 1218 28th street : But thePanthers stayed on in spite of ma-chine"gun fire, tear gas barrages,

BLACK MARKETER (Continued)

which some sources state was ignit-ed by an exploding tear gas carinis-tex, others that it was deliberate-ly set by cops after teax gas andbullets failed to route the Pan-thers from their makeshift fortxess .

Tn

the

end, facing ovexwhelmingodds of some three doaen cops armedto the teeth and with moxe qn theway, the Panthers finally decfdedto surxender . With searchlights : ;.;beaming from seemingly every direr-tion, Bobby Hutton, BPP treasurer,emerged first from the bullet-rid-den house . His hands were high inthe air . His eyes smaxted f~ron thesting of teax gas . Then the copsordered him to run towards one ofthe squad bars . And as he did, oneof the beasts hollered, "He has agun :"

They smacked their lips asthey opene~., . :fire on this

unarmedBlack youth':, arsd little Bobby Hut-tan,

blood pouxing from the bulletwounds in his body, fell to theearth, murdered by the beast . Hewas only 17 yeaxs old.

Eventually, Wendell Wells and ~3J.-dridge Cleaver, BPP Minister of In-formation, emerged from the house,where they were taken into custodyby the beast . As soon as they weretaken away from the-site of the battle, both were severly beaten bythe beast ~cops in spite of theirinjuries . w A11 in all, 8 Pantherswere arrested by the beast, and :charged .with sevexal counts of "as- .sault wittiY n~Cent :,~o cammit~ ;;xnurder"and had bail - §et , ~t $40,000 . Cleav-er had: ;. been charged-'v with three ,,count~::j . with bail set~'at $63,;,000 .

At the time of .th s writi.nc~, the :~~~Panthers have succeeded in cjett ng . ; . ~;,~ ,only one Brother, ~~Wendell : Wells, .~, :.xeleased .

:~ ::. rr

/ The House of Umoja (Unity) expresses // condolences to the family end friends // of L3obby James Hutton (1950-1968) // and the other ambushed Black Panther // Party Membexs .

//

THEIR BLOOD W K.L BE' REMEMBERED .

/~~~~~a~~~~~~~~a~~~~~~~~*~~*~~

Kwaheri

` r`v, Good-by

Chad

Tea `w:

Nyumbani ~ House

Ka,ka

~

01dex brother,

IGarama

Gra;~`fous, p

Katili

Cruel

Kikaka

Rush ; hurry

BLACK POWER :

PAGE 4

SWAHILI LESSON

'~'Kilaj~3

Food

KiKoa Co-op~xation ;a te,~mm

Kitisho A threat

Utamu . ., Sweetness.

Sixau y:~f ;~,; ~ . Telephonemido.~+p, ; .~ ,

:z . .

Ororo Tender

Taksi Taxi

~A kukolea Tasty

.Upendo- ~, ` Love

Chakula cha Lunch!adhuhuri

TH1C BLACK MARKETER

BLACK PCTUJER :

PAGE S

B ~~. C~ ~ N

L~-i HER.

o i~

Being a man is the continuing battle of one's life, one loses a bit ofmanhood with every stale compromise to the authority of

a.:r.;x power inwhich one does not bel~eveg No slave should die a natural death fhexeis a point where

cau~;:io~a ends

and co~rardice begins .

Everyday

tam inprison I will refuse both food and water .My hunger is for the liberation of my people ; my~ thirst is for the

ending of oppression .

I am a political prisoner, jailed for my belie 'ethat Black people

must

be

free .

The government has taken a

po:~ ~.~.:4 4.ntrue to its facist nature .

Those who they cannot convert a they :`~.~:a.fi~~,

silence . This government has become the enemy of mankind .Death can no longer alter our path to freedom . For our people, death

has been the only known exit from slavery and oppression . We must openothers . Our will to live must no longer supersede our will to fight,fox our fighting will determine if our race shall live .

Ta desire freedom is not enough . We must move from resistance to ag-gression, from revolt to revolution . For every black death, there mustbe ten dead racist cops . For every Max Stanford and Huey Newton, theremust be ten Detroits, and for every Orangeburg, there must be a DienBien Phu .

Brothers and Sisters, and all oppressed people, we must prepare our-selves both mentally and physically, for the major confr~~ntation is yetto come . We must fight : It is the people who in the final analysismake and determine history, not leaders or systems . The 1~~.ws to governus must be made by us .May the deaths of '68 signal the beginning of the end fox this country.

I do what I must out of the love for my people . My will is to fight ; myresistance is not enough . Aggression is the order of the day .

(Continued on next page)

THE BLACK MARdCETER

BirACki: ..Pi>~=~:°> ~.t - ._P.t-~t~~ ~,-

AMERICA> If it takes my dea$h to organize my people to rezd<~l% a~a :in:~tyou and to organize your jails to revolt against yau, arak~ tP~ c :~: "7aa zeyour troops

to revolt against you, and to organize your c~:i :i,dx'~:n~: ~ oargod,

your

poor,

your country,

and to organize man~Cind try ~-~~ ; ::>~~c~ :~..nyour destruction and ruin, then here is my life . .

--A Letter From Prl~on

BUT N:Y SOUL BELONGS TO MY PEOPLE :

Viet Nam, U Viet Nam ?Her rite-fields shine ~ in Q,hc sun ~.For eele~° bald dear Ycaarr t~eautiful land'"Defend .it. and keep it, Your, a«n

In the' ' fields the YoungBeautiful, strong and take " :'I"he9 plant the rice vaith 'rides ria~ak°-R.e~adY to die f"or yrrkk .

'l'hau~lr stow ycakk :rk°a , rlivid+"~~Yaur he ¬ak "t still treats as one" . .Akxi true clay saurr tl?i- soar uvsl.ia kr at ukri 3ed Via " t Nakat°

tVards a~ad arisrsic .trg~ Jy .iizd's' . . .'t ' .

NOTE TO AMERICA

LASIME TUSHINDE MBIJ.~ASHAKA; ;~

P~, is?-' .7 r" '_~. i;:raa isaga.zrl

c.~

~,.f.~r~::d

'toWE SHALL CONQUER WITHOff A DOUBTo ;

a ui .ius T . .cater,

akr

A, ro-tcr~err~ akaW2'lt:f;?k" aYrCl C1ak'ripaSek~ . 1.7t .trkra~r 17.1''stay in 2he:~ I) . :[~" G' .N ., kke car _f~osec; this song. dcrd .i e~te;,~ t to Are

Editor ~ s

~~ "a~. ;~

:w'c t~~ ~Rap Bxowrx way fre~c3 onbail

from i'~l~; a.' v^r~ 2ans

Rap

BLACK~MARKE :~R

i3LACK POWER ;

, , PAGE ?

D,C, BLACKS UNITE

Washington, 9,C , : now has a Negro

power must

ttirn . the

loyaltie:~ =~fmayor, but

it °~]c esw't have a black

the "native elites~"

avd : other '"I~ ~-mayor .

,9 majoxity

of

its

people

gxoes++ away

from the

white ru.~ "3-~c;are Negro, but :" ~:~ :~,r~l .-;, a mitir rity are

cries atad

toward

conscious

b,.a ~~black.,

:;~,

nationalism :

Chly in the contexe~Behind the- ~e.n~n~ .c .g~ane in ~~le~L~~h~, ~ =pan

the

current

formation

ofsentences 1-i~es- dot. :

only! .;an eva~:t~a~

~;-~~ack Uri t~d F'zont in Washingto~ :~ `~,_Lion o~ `Mayor

~~~rr ssitxher , . Walter

:, ~- p~opexl.y understood :Washington'"':,and,-:~ tr~e,~~' ~eogle,.of the`

This

is:not a static situat2o.n cDistrict ; ' : 'lout :, the

.cu~lple stor

o~`~black ower .

~`

'~

Y

".rwo years- ago, : the ` local Stude t:p

~ poly t~cs~" as it .3.~

Y'l~3w ":

r - r :;Nohvio~.ent ' C~oardinating

Commi~?.aec'unvolding in the c'aI,~.'ital~; : ci~y nf'

;; ;;(a1VCC:.~', .-was mobilised for a p:~.r~c:the Un.~.ted 5tate;nc~F yAmezi;cai

' . ' ., ;

~~r~;b~C,'.'. ` 'ca~ipaign

in

which . ~~hb~i~FThe, uuord

,'~kP~e9~'c ,' , , ' the" . .

ourrent

~~ and f~btuy 'bf~ick" ;, .were major . themesth~.nk, ng goes, ,,,x~epr ;~ ;~en~ts

,t ie ma~i"%

:; ;r p~esui~ab'ly, th~ ~ : Q,Stablishment l~ sj. .who . accepts the ~y~ ~ ^m,- wtko. .zs �.wal~~t ; r Y: fall . ..of `a:: c~.ty: gow~~nment under the-, ....,ling ..,to:., Pl.ay.,,'t.wl1:~ tc -?'sr' . :g~e.t:

' 'w~io<=~ .m,-, . l~ad~rsf~~i 'of- Mayor~C:ommt3ssio :°'iFr : .accepts

t:2fie : tr<: d A otaal- :values of.' . : . . ;

Waltie

'~ashington, ` ; a -Negro,

wa's6dhi~e Amer~..c .a 4

~ : xz

~~~~any : ;;ways . Tkle: " ~

res~ons`e to :. the Free D,C :

ca.mpaic_::n ,word "black,"

o~°

r-~:e

Qt~her .. , ~'r'~rtRc1~ : : .

as ..w,~h, as to the~ growing :militar-c;-symk~olizes ~ rac . ; '

'aid .r . Nat t~nal :

~

of b~;a+~t~s'=he~'~e;-and elsewhere.

'~pride,

serf-detr rr Y,: :;:atin~y :

~.e e~--~- : ... ~~_.~a~.'.al~Ceady become

clear t~'a ;

.tion

of ~' wh ite ~

,s .`at#

rtd+~ip~~r~- :

MaY

. Washington's; `role,

as, defii:<e .°ideuce f~'om

whi~t~

.~t~at

'~~5, ifi-

by ,tl~e `ink ~wh© appointed him,

L:~ n , . . ::chiding'," som~~izn~, s ;;

the ;

C:o~~t.~.tu~ ; ; . ;

dots ~3 . 'Jiihnson,

is to :act as a .b, ;f _ .t on,

fex; . ~between :the black'e: commurxi ` ''`~.~.r~i:To the extent ~~h : ..t b1a~k peopl:eiin

the- colonial . adm~.ni~st~ration.. .the U.S,~'th .nk, o ~

remse~V~s note as

~Qm,~ internal contradictions

.,:,n :1ericans h~ut~. as cc~it~ni~e~, Q,f>"ic;ans :

emerging already: "' - 'Wh l.e the Pie. i : .Washington °a s

t, .ie

:capi.ta~ . , o~ th.ait .dent',semis

anx~.ous" ~to ,give , thF~ I ";e . .colony :

r :'

"~`'

gro f~ts,ydrr sand tl~ e' city caunci:? cr~r- .; ; .; Two=thfr ds

of ' ~t~ ::e people . who x~~

~~,~,~::,l iaii.ted powers, 'the

Cot~c~re s ,here have

t~lact~c

;~;,.cin ; :-; 92%` of the

s:icnal '` District ~mmittee

s~tc .' '.e=public, school Ch:.t~ :,r~n

aY~ '~blac~k. .

,-with - St~utherners ''' fe11~s it ~l~o,.al ::~White `men

who

r: qn in the`'wM'i.te

have ; 'thew:ult ma~e`'say :in most mra-4marble

and . cori<:x ~.~ ha~,],s, of gov-

tees.

When~t~e city . council `t .r ::.eaernment go home ;, ~ rusk ;to iain~l ng

.

Ito, .' act

recently ~' on-

sa tr`iv:.a : :,

uhouses on the ~fr t :~ yew a~ ; the munic-

; matter

ras

the`

District's ` 1=~z~-ic .rip,ality

or in ~~~~

>,nburb.s of;'Mary-

],~ws;

for:, Qxample,

~ the comm-`'t :E� .y

land, whi-len: th.F

-:ks :-., stay `in the

ittt~rvened, and said .this w` s bc~y~~rxsha~dow~ of . ;tote, bi :~ -S~ ficial rbui'ldin

~

the province~. of the' c+~un~i~'.iri ~ two-andhrv thx e -

r~ry ~-rows

"

of

~ ,

~ Ma or Wash~in tc~n

xecentT

n. aawhouses .

~.,

. :Y

~. . .

.y,~a~i~ick V:: ~qurpgy,' a ~mod~rn- :.~t~;~le

However :, -Wasr: :~rcY~t:on :is, as HuddLDr-

. co ' vuho bela.~.ves in :comrRUni`ty veAa--,:Ledbetter observe in th+s, song ;

a

_ ; ;.t~.o-t s °'"and ,maintains at least a fa:-;bourged ~se ~ towr..a ;~:~w: more: ,tha9~ :' ever

cane

m.~ social concern, as : the .~i ...there . 'is

ai..n

th i~

~~c.ity .~<;,a

~ .black

,

;. :ty ~ s' .p~thlic sagety ' di~,ecto~r :

Bc~:.}~ourgeo`is, e.,X~it~ ja s~xbsta~iti~1' stake: ~

~.thg' -`metrapol~.-tan"pa7.ice., :;~ox~ce, d~r~ehere .

-.. � ;

, .,

, .

r ;:ypa~ted by an

old-fashion

cad>ve c.: .IrY ~ the anti-cblonk~hist,,

`terms, .

Dixie-style ;

cops, resents 'Murr~h~r' :~ :within

thc.,-co~~c~fi~ial ,,cap t~h, b3adc , ; , ,interference, and the

Poli.~ce°'~~~.'-1 ;1 . , :,-

a . . r . . .,..~ .~ f I

o

... ..

'

C'1 ( .yj.. ..:

DLACK MAk2KETEx`. (Continued) BLACK POWER :

PAGE 8

.. .' .effecting` togetherness among, all

Black people

in

the

Dis~firict , .k off :,Columbia in :order "ti obtain . a'rigHtful and px,apartioriate share : ~~

' flit decision-making` councils .off , ..theDistrict,

and rightfulV 'and

propor-

While affic:ials argue that theDistrict of Columbia is neither aNewark 7or a Detroit, they are de-veloping

plarss to use city ,,po1~..Ge~r:'~e Natio~aal fuarc~ en~~reguiaz ;?~~ytroops (who ax:~a~and x~ n~a~y bas;e$r)to quell any

outbreaks

of:~ insurg~--~ : ;

t~onate control of the economic. ., in-,Pncy in 'the c~.ty'.,

~~omc "bbse~vers

sti'tutions in :~~3:e :Black ~olt~imuna.ty : " .have

noted that Washington', .s `u~rba~n~,. � ~

As

for the New~:Schodl, `'its . orien-plan,

designed b.y P ~~r~'].',E~~aa~ ~ ~ :~tation ''i,s cu]a;u~al and ec~ucati~onal ;around t.?~e tine of `tl~e~rrench, i �Q.vo- : . . ~. ~raahe'f` ~ than political, tDough t lti-, ,lotion, inhib~_ts

riots

since wide,- :

mately its work is."~':rrfpc~1~i~Ciea1 xe-diagonal

avenues gi~`e pallce urius~- , , . .,, Z~va~i+~e '

"We

know

heel ' is" goingual mobility .

; . '

;

, :

;

~;~ be' `'~' canfrontation ~':' Done ~reenanwhen

it cone's : to ~b~l~ck 'power"~ ~~~

;,a . member of The House ~ ~i~E~~tfiMnja (Una-litics and

the ,possib%fity of ; . vic~L, :. ;

� :'ty),

axed

the

;s:chocrl's

'~'dir:ectar,fence, Washinc~t,on is especial case . : . . : ; Mold the`Guardian . : : :~"We war~~f`to havefor reasons

;;ha~,r,~,~:e fa~ely stated ; ;, :~

,cpnciete'' `alternati.ves . 'to'-offer ."by eithe.~ the federal' :go~er'rnnent . or ; . .. ;. ; . .Fox b'o'th the Front arrdr'the school,black

n~ilitarzts ~ :

If=~`~ash~ igtoxi is , . . . black

`identity - is

a foreinnst aim .to

cons- :inue

to~.:b:e : the hbi~c cif` the .. .1 .,, ; : ~hc front,

as

the

mime

`~i.mplies,federal

government. ., ~,s

'it~ 'i's now ;- : .; . seem$"

itself

as a b~aafc~~r'agenc r frxeonstitc ted,

the ~ ; . security of chat _,

, e;sog ~f 'change .

,Youthful

militant .c~overnrne:nt

depends ' cfn -cantrdl °. o~ . ,: .~:leade~is such as

Stokely ~armichael,is envy ronment .

Ultini~ate9~y,, . .black, _. ,~ ; type `t~t'emparary chairman, ~t~~rve_ `provi-pcwex

r Qre means, thaW'b~rck' people :, . . - : :dell=` §ucfi ' . of

the;

imp~tt~~ ' and thewall

dE cide

under' wl at''condaaions, .

- :: .tom' `for

the group.

I3tlt the Front'she :'`edEeral government sari `fun~tic~n . : .: . alsei': . included individuals close to

~.nd befrre

b?.ack'"w power

evier ., .getS , .,,-~ ;the " :'ratiota~l

Association for'

the':.a

tha~:

stave,

~ vio'lct~'C 't~ufb e'~ks . ; ., , : Ad~raitcement ~ of

C fared ~"`P~dpYe and^.ould sFrious~ y threaten ~~He .day-ta

the lJrban

League, : ;:as~ w~.~hi as: people:. ~ :~.ke _ : Chuck'`~tone , :whQ i s Adam Cl ay-tan: P©%velf's assistant and a

be-Never<`` in :traditi~taal pdlitic~, ,and

. , Rev ; , Wa]aef

Fauntray

a~=':~

social~~lerxder

'a~ ' : the

SQUth~rn '°~x.is~ iaza~-, L,eadfzship' 'Cunfexence~ and''~n~~het~ of

~th1e~ rs2i:t D .C city council .

'. Thej local ' ~establ shm~r7~t

-I~~.es:s; has,. tx:i~ed

to

arose "r"ifta :n ih . : tf~e or-J' .,,ganieatibn, .', but in . .fac!t,''has` : done

-:,~,littl~"~- more'

than to~ poin.t~ `out

.`thedi~ff~r~~i~ces

between ::~ thie

~'~ ---`nremt~ers'which is hardly news to

atijibr~dy .cCaxma:Ehael" `has given very few clues

c~ay operation "y of the government : \ A .,.rebellion in Washington 'could be .~,`;I'3e ea,uivalen?:

af, the recent guar- . .:_w~lla attack

on " the U :B `` 'Ern'~assy ,,

There

is nc~ doubt-'robot "~'hhe ~bl'ack;people of Washington are :~ouidg'toy

. ,:.

^ard a confro~atation witli"'the' white.~.atablishment .

Ttuo ~.3nstiifutions', .moth .reLative'_y new, . point'°undenna- ,ta~.y

tov~axd

:such ., a : confrontation .,,.".'hey arc:~ the 31ack Uni';ted`Fro'Y`t and - . .the New Schoo'",

for , -Af~o~Atnerican' ~:?.'bought ,.

At

a press conference cal~.ed' re

, . si.aS . ; "to, `~- how "fe

rela

s~~his

cuxrentGently,

the :~ront's .~, statem2'iit of

dole , -~n~ ~'a broad front to+~S~the`~fcvo-;?urpose was declareds .~ "TfiL I31~ack . . ... . . , .l,.utionary iChetoric ~-,ire used dixt~i,ng':lnited as'ront :is

heroby ,e3tablished

. , ~r~a,st, :-, :::af

hi5 trip reran ` to ~

third-, ..:cor . the.'

purpose

ofv expainding'~h'e

". , w,gx.~.d~ ~ris,~tlonis , . ..'

He ~tax'bafxz'ed" .Somei itres .o :' comm unication between ;' and

~ ,

off. , his :~ 'eur~rena thinking

recently.,

,. r .: .i .`:;. ., ,,, .~ , :,,

. iJ f;.

BLACK MARKFTER (Continued]

"One of the ways

of bri ragout ourpeople

home

is by using pa tierce,love, brotherhood and unity -- notfarce -~- love, patience hrotherhaodand unity . We try and we try and wetry .

If they. . become a threat,

weoff them . We off them .

"But we must begin to understandthat in a context of foaming insideour community a uniLod front,

ablactc united front, which engulfsevery sector, ev"~ry fact and everyperson inside our community workingfoz ~';he ben ofi t of bi ack peopl eworking for the benefit of blaclcpeople . And that is for eachthcr's survival .

Liicewise, the New School, whichmoves into new expanded quarters inMareh, has adopted a lo?3g"~sczx~gevieva . The school's aim, as ex-plained . by Freeman, is to changethe dissa°cisfaction of the city'sblack people in ordex to createn,^,tion�listic p~°ido . The schooldraws on blactcs from two worlds----th^ underworld of pimps, prosici-tutes and nt~mb2rs l:acketeers, andthe overground world of governmentemployees .

TYe

;cragr .

i:i.ff<:~rs

profoundlyfrom est~blishmsnt-oriented povertyprog~am,schools . Freeman explains :"You canst teach a p~:ostitute thinso she can earn $100 a week

whenshe's beea.

ea°.~ring ~i.00

a

night .You mint teach new ~4,~.ues, give anew framework for li~"e ."

Freeman say:W.hat the s-^pool isbuilding an ''anti-s~.Tsterl' somethingoutside a ebmrnur~ity : vve want ~to~have something concre~Le when theconfrontation ~atces place . We don'trelate to Walter W~,sliington or es~tablishm~nt poxitics . Whoever comesinto the school tactily realisesthat zthe system' is not ciur concern."The school's activities are open. .

only to blacks Freeman said, addingthat whi le he c~nsic'$xs r~~hite ~Ieft-ists~ ors "a],.'i..ies",

~.e r_~jects con-tacts that are not entirely''hat~:urai-," ' He noted that !'white le.ffists ~~`cime~'iin2s

1:~aXmi

blacxc orga.ni.-zati~ony by' mavir:q tai~m away from

� . .

. r ,

BLACK POWER : PAGE 9

nationalism toward a r,cs~n.antic viewof revolution based on Mao Tse-tongand selling the re_ d boot:

of quota-tions :

In

Cakland,

Carmichael also ad-d~essed himself to the ouestion of~:,iie~'relationship be :vueen blacks andwhite radicals :

;<"Comununa.sm

is

not an

v.' cci'eolbgy-suited for black people, period .Pexiod . Socialism is not an ideo.~logy fitted for black people, peri-od . Period. And I wi$.I tell youwhy, And it must become crystalclear in our

mind .

Now we don'tsay that because the hoa~~kies callus communist, we don't` care whatthey call us, it don't make a dif-ference, don't make a difference .The ideologies of

communism and,` . .socialism speak to class structure .They speak to people who oppresspeople from the top down to thebottom, We a:~.~; t:o°,: just facing ex-

ploitation . W~ a.re facing somethingmuch more impprtant beca~zse we arethe victims of racism. .

Cdm~~:ni~mnor socialism does not speak to theproblem of racisma . ~' .'oNow far the vuhi~:e people who arecommunists, "the quest :ian of com-munism comes first ; 'bPCailse they'reexploited by their oven peopleIt

is ' not

that

fog: us . . . . We mustthF~:~~ ;~o~-~' consciouss:;T ~ .~: . . .~~,,y fax' an~C1Gc)'s: ;;~r~31

a'L --' :; 1

~, G= .

, .

.~

'~~~

. .,

,'~::,~L'.fx1

first ;

and :i:~ ~av ~a

~z~,,. ~we~ : L:r:Gg<:.

nine

the

r_ecessit r :of

hooking upwith the 900 m:?;7.1ibn ?lack peoplein

the world

to;.':ay t :> ~ . e o . , "

At this stage in t?ieir

~t ; uggl,~ ;, .

when the emphasis~s,

on unity inprep ¬~ration fog' canfxor?tation--- . .`both the Front and -tlie New SchoolqJ.~ ` +ILLl~LI',r

ir+~

w.Sf

~v ~.~

.~.' rea~~''.L':ng~r?e .,

gxae~ and

transfo~:nii~~ ' ;;hem

' into

blacks than in formal allies withwhites of any, sort,

.AFR 3:CAN Pig©yERB :

~rlzen spider , webs uni~:.`e, they , canGle t!p a lion .

PAGE 10

Theme can .be , no'victor:y'=in Nigeria's"civil 'war'. Spokes-inen far both` tYie ~edera.l govexnmerit and the seceding Big°af~an state

asist that if they ~da not win, Nigeria: willbe reduced to total chaos breeding` nothing but tr-iba.7.-~hatred, guerrillas warfare a"n,d._ :..:bet-ty:-~di:at~a~tvrs2ri~s . Tnan e~ffa-rt

~to:

avert ~ this trag c'`demolition of Africa's

.''once "model deinocra:cy,'!

Wole Soyinka, Nigeria's fore-.moist poet and ~phay~ri+~ht~ (with

tivo

~fffBraadwag

plays . . . . ,'chi's season), 'published a statement . 'n ; the fail

Sketch' - ,: `Ibadan ; ~call3ng for a cease fire: : : -Ten : ;days later he was-"det`a ned,!~ two ~montYis cater the.: gow!ernment claimef 5oy~inky had confessed 'to. : conspiring ui~ th th'e rebels ; .he de-nied the charges'. . and.

~ .s

still -in 'jail awaa .ting trial .Whatever ahe. fC'tual .~fa -ct's may be, Sayinka a:s . . . .a painfullyaccurate exarxple of the dilemma of

the

AfricaW writerw'ho ~ is marad;T~r unable' : .' o isolate hiriself from hia soci-ety, ..yep. ; , canr~at find a .'safe vantage point from which tocomment .on :the scene around him';'" Befare his arrest . Soy-inka; wrote. an article : ; for the d atinguished Uganda mag-mine, Transition,, . in ,which he tx :ies to define the wxit-- . . . .. . .eY's true-re§ponsibiTit~ in the "mtwement toward chaosn.madern : :Africa-." :

ltity concern

n :: this

:~.rt c~e : i .,sprimarily with

the . non-South A.fr.: -can writer. . . and

w.hy,

. . b.e.a~Qx.e . ..verylong,

he- - may

begin

-;to

envy theSouth African the bleak immensityof : ha s.vprabl ems :

Fr~r : the > South. Af=rican has still the right to hope,and this pxospect of a future asyet uncompromised by failure on hisown part,

in

his

own

right : is

samet;":~.ng ~ whic'.~. ' has latr~ly `ceased . .to exist for writers of other ~A~fr~i,- .o~n :~tarese -.

Wliia-2 r. 'he may debate what eonst~:- ;totes a~rIIlack writer and whatdoes- r..aty . . .. ctne ` br.ee.d, ~. of ' humanityt^r2i- ch "gee cannot ~con~fox.'tabYy .tier~y ~.~,.t2i'at- of . the wr 'ter . > ;. In -new socie- .ties , ., .Which began: ,the deductive : expe~riment

in : authox-iaariani~m;, . ., ~ .it:

:~ially, the position of the writer?gas been such that he is in fact"~:hnn very Pro~~ of state machiner~r .".°dependence in every instance had

: .Lent an emergency pooling of every ' .:~.ental resource .

This writer must,:or

the

mom ant

at least (he per-:~uades himself), postpone that u-a~ique reflection on experience and"events which is wha~: makes a writer-and constitute himself into a

7aart of the machine,~y that will ac-~~ually shape events . Let this im-??ulse be clearly undexstood andvalued for itself ; the Black~~riter found that he could not deny"ais society ; he could however, tem-;;~oraLily at least, deny himself ..-~o therefore too, his place in thel~ew state -as a privileged person,personallq placed above the effectscf the ,narrow~~wis}on which usuallyaccompanies the 5:~patience of newrations .

He, the special eye andr?ar, the special knowledge and re-~pdnse, lost eve's his recreativeconsciousness, wk~ieh, from time totime, left active and alert in hiscreative'"work, mig:Zt have demandeda reexamination o .f his own posi-tion .

If he has not al :~:eady arxived at- .his discovery, the writer from~;ast or freest A:~rican states is com-ing closer to the terrible under-standing that it is not his South~~frican comrade who is the creatureof compassion . Already he has begun

,,es of the time .

For this any man-~ifesto deemed valid, any ,-ism cou_~~;i~be embraced with a clean cor_sc~eet;cc> .-.With few execptions the writer di-

." rected his

energies

to enshr n :an -.victory, to reaffirming his ident~.-ficatian with the aspixations ,~`nationalism and the stabili~ats.o~of .society .

;The third stage, the st:~ge at

,which we find ourselves .naw, is thestage of disillusionment, and it isthis which . prompts an honest exam.-motion. of what has been the fail,-ure of the African writer, as awritex . , And this is note o saythat if

the

Black writer` ~hac~ truly

responded

to the

political m<~~-ment . of his society he would notstilh, .be . faced with disillusion-ment :,, Far the situation today istie sores the world over ;--it is not

� one of .the tragedies which come e~f,~ iscalated ;human failures, but the� ,very collapse of humanity .

Nevertheless, the Black writex hasdgne .nothing to indicate that he iseven ,aware

of this awful .collapse .- For he .has generally lacked vision .

The .distractions away from ^iiis ~on~ ' wexe~~of course enoxrnous-- the dis-traction away from a vision clari-fiQd in ; human terms and .not ~in doc~-ma . ;, . .An:d they were such as

c.~~aefula scope

for .the exploitation' keydemagogic opportunists of the na>w

, ; agx~ssive national consciousnes> .Reality,

the . ever-present fe;rtiie

DRUM - Contint.ed BLACK POW~t : .~ PAGE 11

has become a ~-amil ar'experience to . to shrink f~`om the bewil.caei.'pdwatch society crush the writer un- ,tare of the South African, knowingder . a load o~ guilt for his darixlg that he, the supposed2y .free mindoutlook " apax~.~: ~ .'."rom and' independent who .once symba''l zed a lgophole forrf the .mass ~c:_rc~ction . 'TYie~'~evolu- tf~e ,dead end of the South . Africantionary mood in society is a, par- d~,lemma, has himself become theLicularly potE~n~t tyrant in this re- Creature of despair . The change in::pect and s~.nce the writer is, at circumstances is quite direct . The'': :ze . very lea~t, sensitive to mood, background begins at the united op--', e respects ~oho demand of the mo- posit on . of the colonized to the:~1ent and effects his definition as external tyrant . Victory, of,sorts .,a writer by an act of choice .t And ,,came and the writer submitted hi. :-~Ln the mode:.n African state espe- i.ntegrity to the monolithic stxecs~-

DRUM - Continu+~d-

reality,' was ~,c~nca~~d by the w~ri~ez~and relegated ~tra ~h~ new v~.sionary--the politic~.~~~0

Since the phaseof anti-colania:~ist

writing was,clearly . . over a~~~.a ; ~~~~~at pt~pose rend-eyed

redunda~at y . ~ ~ t~ew distractionhad to ~be created fc~r` the ~hggxessiv!edemands ~ of

the

wri'ter's -Yestlessmind.

And th« .~ublishe~s were athand, w'ai;ting, ;:e~~ttira] defin ti~ns . .became a riew ~oa~re E of literature~?~not

sci

t~ew

i as

fc~,c~ti ; ~ 'but they , a~quired a . ne~u

s c�,`~i3.ficance : in .,'hrYlecontext'

.of. -p+a~.it :caZ

'z~8epet~dehce,The cur~i'osity ~ ;^ .f, f:~ae outiside worldfar, exceeded t.~e .~r critical -facu~"ties . and publas~e:~s , . 'hoV~er-ed 1`ikebenevolent

vu1 tux:e ~

on

. tYlc .:;~~ ~,,1,foetus

of. - . t3a~ : .~"~ .ack

Musei : ~At. .a .

given signal . .al~~y .t¢ia~'e` , off b5.t.s . andpieces, ' fann~;c~ . u~, with p+~werfu~:wings dehusicr~s o~ sxc~n f canoe in'commonness' arac~ 'oar~aZitq~. " The .ave7c- .age . publish£

wY ~~.t2r " in the ear~:y, ' ,post=calonia~. y~as:,s was the mostcelebrated ~i~.T~n of incansequence.ever to obscurer ' ¢tee true flesh cfthe flack di~.ex:~r:~ .

This waa tks~ ~~eg nn%ng of the ab-di cation " of t~~e A.~rican .wr i ten azid

the deceptioaa ~ : vuhi~h

he

caused .~?yfabricating :~a na :jriitude of unfelt'.

abst~actionsc . +s~F,ated"by his very,position ~,n sa~~:~~~tf , he ;m3.sta~ok #iii .own personal ar~~, t+~rzporaxy :cut uzalprediczitnent ~'o~' ;

tkie pi~edicatnent, refhis.

entire

~~c~ qty ,and tu;r~ed atw.tendon from .w~;;a'~ was really hop-__peeing . within '~ at~ : .society;.

H~ , e-

,_ven . tried- to .dive; sciciety somethingthat the ~se~cie~y ~ as nearer ?past=_,"-its 'identity .

N<-avu ,

iden~ty

is:' : a

much-abused

wond,

and perhaps :'theBlack

writer

',.a.s

a' . much

abuaedperson

in=

ti~a.~ respect, for .poet,novelist,:~ :oz s,cu~.~tor, the aztistlabors

fron ; :zip : . .x~bu.il.t, ir~it3~ativeresponsibil::.tyr

,^tot only ,to himselfbut to his rcotsa

The rest of thenarrowness c~z b~°eadth of has visionis whether hey tri.es to stretch ac"cidental s~i.t~aa~cions to embrace hisrace and sot~xe~y or the fundamental

BLACK POWER :

PAGE 12

`truths of.~~,a

~cot~unity inform

hisvision and ~er a'tiI~ 'him to acquire ~2~%

' ven a prophetic it~aight into the''e-` . valuticm of that society .

.

~tJti~t:I~it$E NOW

~2 +sues ;+~.`JUa.rrs~rrnroa ..:

.2~9 EasC 96th~~reet, Ncrw York, dV'.X:, tt}017'}ease enroll "n~e a,~ u subscriber for'

one yt+.r, ~3.'Oa or,

~R two yawns,Name ........_.

_user ..._. .

. ;vet S

:;r<u:ci1 i

te:aih

whenaks ut "huma~i yu'tf~ r~ntYs'

r;~ t;a t.rr~

DLACK WEST INDIANS DEFY FRENCHHOI~TKIES :/ Guadeloupe is one of

the two West Indian Islands con-trolled by the Fr ench,

Its capitol,Fort de France, is famous because it .is the birth place of Frantz~Fanarr - -and. greatest :3'~wla century Black Poet,Aime Cesaire. //

, .Paris, March second-- The"trial"

of black guadelaupe anti-colonial-

w

ist fighters which was

staged bythe French ruling circles ~to sup

N

press the guadelou~e national move-went for independence has ended~in

.complete failure . The resolute- '°r .

struggle of the guadeloupe patriotsand the support of the French pro-gressives have turned he "trial"into an indictment of French colon: ,,ial rule .

.vrv. : :The scandalous

trial

started on ,;; -,Feb, 19 in Paris . The 19 Guade- w

loupe patriots standing trial (onein absentia}

were arrested

Last . .~,t ;;fMay by the Fxench colonial author- : .,sties fluxing a sanguinary suppres-sion of the demonstration of theGuadeloupd. people .

They were pre-posterously charged with "threat- verring the ter~:itorial

integrity of ~ , :rs : .the country " just because theydemanded an end to French colonialrule .

The Black Guadeloupe anti-colon-ialist fighters put up -~ good fight.in court, They are their barristerturned the court into an frost-co-

BLACK POWER ;

nAGE :,1.3,. ", ;> y

lonialist platform . ~T~ey,laid barethe miserable life of the Guade"loupe people under colonial ex-ploitat on and racial discrimina-tion and being deprived of allrights . They voiced the just de-mend ' ` of the Guadeloupe people tobe the masters of their own des-t ny.Before the sentence wad passed,'

SergE Glautle, . representative ofthe patriots, declaxed at the courtthat " we reaffirm our political-wclaim :,, .,,,,,, ours struggle isjust because it ,is the strugglefor the --~.iberation, di~ginity, andprogress' 'of our people' ~~~A ,

`

A solidarity ~ ~commi+;tee

was

or-ganiaed by the French and progses-sives on the very day when theseBlack Guadeloupe

anti -colonialist

7 v ~ ~: .`~. :

~

~S ...

~`rir ~ ,

fig~;~ers' .

were `~if~~~s ;~~tl'..=. its

simila~~',:'cammittee ; ~~ ha~~ . al's`~i~'

b~e~ ,, ~or~aedthe;=xes"i;dea~ts' ;~;~ , ~-G`ua`c~elau~~~.~ ~$Ya

,txrque and Gu~ ~t~a ;

(f ench colat#~' .ie~ in Latin America . ~

a.n ;,.f~ca~x~e: :These .� ~1twQ -~ ~soli+da'r ~t'y "~ : ,coin ~te~~ :~have

ax~¢an3.`~ed' a ' ni, inbe.~ . . ;Q~P. :de~not~» . ;stra~ion~,: ; °,

I+t,-.,was .prec3`sely ~' ufidez the tes+~~- :lut.eJ stxctg~2~~ of tYia G~aiiel;oup~ ,pa : . .~.!

triot~~-,~:a~ad the' pr~$sure .,Q~ pu1~;i~c ,:,,"opir~ian . °,;t2~at 'the ~. .F$ench covert paid ' ~~to acquit 13 of tale x9 arriested pa» : .triots . However, six patriots werearbitrarily sentenced to three .oxfaun years' imp~;~;sat~rnent W3.tl thl~beHefit of respite .

Ira i Maii news a r

r

: oAme~ r~ca~s "mss''. �

e aoppression -

_,r ; A~ril,.,~ nt~h -,Iraqi and Mali newspaper

haveexpressed support fox the Afro-Ame»

The Iraqi paper al shaab .in acommentary on April '7 said that theAfro~Americans armed resistance toviolent suppression was shaking therule of Washington i;o its veryfoundations and filling the U.S .with fear .The papez said that in order to

cover the expenses fox military ag»gression against other nations, theU .S, imperialists have imposed ex-horbitant taxes and high :.cost of

living on the middle class and the

poor including the Afro-Americans .fhe policy of aggression pursued by

U.S . imperialism will undoubtedlylead it to its collapse .

An article

carried by the pap.e~con the same day referred to tt~e ,a.~» , .

�

_ ».~..~ .L '`W :.» »~.:-_"-'

`

~l}.~'±

"' `,~~sassinat pn

:~og

M~rtx~ni `Luth+~~ Kirig t :~,.~i

;,

"

,r ,by a rac'b.a~~zah~te~: ; : . ''I~"`saY.d' ;'

Ki.n~;

,,,,v ~Suceess ~~fld'c~ke

` ",

wanted

p?~e :t,thrc~~:~h nO~n jv11e~C2~)r)

(' ., ; .s~ ;;146 ~Sraar

ay"t"~'~' .S~re'et~ .y

but met with. ~ ,a' ~wioleti~~

death; he

Sat1 Francisco, California

wanted : ,to . . achieve his rights with

spe~

~~x ,abut , was killers with but-

:3' i C'.

a

.;' t : .: a' ;

.i .t~: :.l~, : L

( .

i3~.ACK POWfR : .

PAC3S 14

lets . The Afro"Amexicans, t2xern :fore, moat counter wiolence withvalence .

'Ihe Mali

paper, essay wxate in ::gyp;:editorial

yester~Iay , that "'fox° manorpeople ` the death of King means thisend, o ;, the` myth ~of non-violer:cea"the 'nature of imperialism w~.1x

never change, it said and a~~ ;"before the policy of capitalistsand racist exploitation, the c+p~pressed are left with two options :either counter the reactionary, v o~~; ;:

,fence of ~t1~;iz

:e~~aemii~s 'with a~~,a~p»b~t~~reed ~~rataleoce . ; a~: su~a

--~rzcx<.lame~; :w~,'~hot~t~ ::~ :-taking~`'any,',~r 'ble~t?;

n'~~'I3~stc~'y , :has :. : ~ -p~oved

tt ~.~; __u~iele~~ .,

err . ; ,,tMo'- "'' dppxe'asect and 5~ . ;p1+ai,~eti ~v''ccunt` : : ~

on .,,, . the ~': corr,-

scious' , Prudence . ox "gaoct wiZ~' ~-~of the reactionary authorftiea,"'

In " concl`usi~9h,~~ 'fhe : paler ~ ` ~a

and ac~yaric~~ wave, ;upon vuays

AFRICAN' fFiOVBRB '

If yau. . :a~x,~ :bu hcling a house' ar~ct

nail -breaks,

you dQa~'jt s~c~x

yo,u a

: :

,Aai1a,*~*~*at+iitat*ah+a~*~~e~~~a~

`

PA~oN ¢, .

BRp,,I~' PQWCxR" ISbQK~TGR~,,, , 2630' San` Pa~ila Ayenu~

.-~ t~erkeley ~ : Ca7.3.'forrii~~.. :.. . ~ . ~axv> s~.s-9aio . e

g4l:~C~

, , ..11f�~ $ c-~ .

ta~ithot~t"13taro Power,,

E3lgck Fief is on].y ~'skii~~ deep ~ ,

ricans" stxugc7le z~ga~:¢nst racial op» that .. victory ceztain~'q, k~elonga to.. .pxessian which is sweeping the Uni» the 2a. million ,`Afro=At~i~iCican' ,,brc : ~, ;-1

ted States and pointed out that the' they ~s so,

. in the Uct tod Statesland

. .

oppressed na~aans and people must as they : rely ~ad' ~hei~ oairi co~rag~ .Jane "

, ; ,, :

oppose count~r~»xevolutiona;ry vio- are united~~" f~elose' th'~.~r' x'a.~k~',' ; ,, ;, ..,

lence with revol~xtic~naxy violence . to fight', .~crvercome' all da~ ',cu~,t3es, ; ;. ., .

L3URNING SPFAR

,P~1a. .1~

~~1~~oxYo~

d

CHEYENNE FL IGHT NORTH : (This isPart II of a series of three con-tinued sections to be run inkf,,

~a,M.~t PCr:a*: r

)

At noon, when the fight was near-ly over, the Cheyenne survivorsslipped away towaxd the camp ofCrazy Horse .

They had nearly vaneof their food they had carefullyprepared for winter,

and most oftheir other belong~.ngs had beenlost when MacKenzie's Pawnees hadplundered their village and de-stroyed the lodges by fire . On theway to C~~azy Horse, eY.even childrenfroze to death . Horses had to~bekilled for food . But the Cheyenne;~arriors vowed revenge on Ma~-Kenzie's Pawnees once they joinedforces with Crazy Horse .But Crazy Horse refused to joiC~.

the Cheyennes in reckless reprai-sals . "It is useless . The ~ ~°3asi-chus outnumber the blades of grasson the prairie ; we Indians can nolonger stand against them . FriendShahielas, it is time for us tobe smart and prepare to walk thewhite man's road . Otherwise, weshall all be killed :" Dull Knifeagreed .

He believed that the onlychance for surviva]~ was makingpeace with the white man .

The band of Cheyennes surrenderedto General Nelson Miles at Fort

` ~ BLACK POWER .

PAGE 15

Keogh in ~the spring of 1877 . Thirtybraves, indignant at Crazy Horse's"betrayal", enlisted as scouts withMiles Calvary to held round up theSioux . The rest were sent south toDarlington Reservation in irrdianTerritory ---- not Oklahoma . Therethey joined 'the :Sout;:zern Cheyennesand waited fox the peace and pros-perity they had been promised .

In the south,' the buffalogone and the Souttxern Cheyennes hadcleaned up what snail game therebeen . Still, the

-1~~7xthernCheyennes would not take food swayfrom their relatives . Sickness andfever weakened the starving band .

Within a year more than half ofDull Knife's people were dead:

One' day in the middle of August1878, Dull Knife' `'~xid' Little Wolfwent to the ag~t~t arid asked him toallow the Che+yrer :'ri`~s~ to go back totheir home . Dull :":rife' was sick, soLittle Wolf spoke :

"We have come.t~d .

`ask the agentthat we be sei~t ~~' Y:ome to oux owncountry in the mouraains . My peoplewere raised there in a land of pinesand clear, cold rivers .

There, wewere always healthy, for there wasmeat enough for ab1 .

hle were happythere until the Great Father's sol~diers brought us here . Now, in theyears that we hove been in thissouthern

country, more .fihar. half ofus have died . This i~ not a goodplace for us -- there is too muchsickness and head.° and dust, and notenough food .

We wish to return to

BURNfiPd~ SPEAR (ConLi~~ued)

our, home in she nou~at~r~.ns .

If youhave not the ,:>ower t ~ ah~:alw us to g4 :there, let so ..~re of u<, go on to Wa~sk~ingt.on and te~.l tl~em there how . i t °is .oz do ~~ou w ite vo Washington acidget pe~:m ss~.oYx

' for.

us

to go backx:orth?"

A!~ent John ~4iles was in the quarx-~~df~ :

He triad never received enoughs:itp~s? :i:es far :~°h® . .h~dians

He knew>~?1'~~iGi'~s were :-~io~~ and hungry yet ..h~ :~h~i2~_ P~iS orders from ~aashington . . He~=ai~;~wer'~r? Litt :~e Wohf"

"I

cannot ~~dc' 4=~n~rthi~ig ~ n~.~w .

Shay heze anathezyeaz ` end' "then I will see ~'what~ "~ari'bedon%,' for yot, .'r

. . .._

Lit~41e Wolf :~nswE~re:3 : '~No, we cannot ; ~:ay here anotiie~ year ; we mustgo nc~; ~.

Befo - ~e

ano~~hex

year ~ haspassed we s :;xall all be dead . WeiT1L1St y'~ 1;~fJW ;"

"b' :~ree ~h-eek :~ late. Mires cslledi,.itt e Wolf, Three braves had runaway :~ :~ om the res ~ . c ~tion and Milese?anted Little Wolf t.o turn over tenhe :jta~~F.a t.r, h. gym .Litt:~.e srlolf refusc :~. . "I will riot

do as ;you ask ,;

Ii you follow thosethree

r~en,

rcrou

~~nnot find them . .Three

men

wino

a~~ ;, traveling ov~i` ,.country cc:~n hide, so than they cane:ao-x~ bc~ :Ecund.

You :~a~ver could get

those three mwn ,, sq ,you a:ocad neverset my :aen fx~e,:" . .J`~o}a~,.Av~ould kelptli~rn always, , ` . .

Tram

i.Til~s;became

angry .

"You ,must do as I say : If you do not'g,~..ve tre thes .a ten r~en, I will giveyo°a no xatior ;.s,. . Your people willstarve ;"

. ,

But Littler Wolf, got the last word,"My fx. :i.end, . ,.you

..must

think

me., afool. : .

My, .

feop~.e ; havo ~ been hungr,~i,ever sine : : . s~~e .,w .er.e bzo~ght to tYi%s. .~ :

. u, .~:

~; .y, ,

=~o you. cannot; . ,frighteni;,mwi~~tk~. loud. ~:alk of str;;i'vinq» Last .night I sa~:~+ ch_~_ldren eating gr.~~:~, .because ti:~ey had no food. Will you,t :a~:;~

a;he

g.~~~ass

a Nay

from them?~'~'.(;lsittl.~e Wolf paused, bu~ ; , Miley c~i;dnot ,,speak )

"I

am now going to, my.camp .

' do not w~.sh ~;,'ie ground a-»round this r~~enc~y to be made bloodybut aow listen to v-hat I say to you

BLACK POWER :

PAGE 16

I am

c~oirig to leave here ;am goinng 1~orth to my own country .I do riot want to see blood spilledabout this agency . If you are goingto send soldiers after me, I wishthat you would let m~ get a littledistance away from this agency--1"hen if you want to fight, I willfight you, and we can make theground bloody at that p14ce ."

~To be continued in next issue ofBLACK POWER

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~"-'~.46:~ Leavenworth St .

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T~,IRNOVER BOOK(Across the street fromMerritt~College in Oakland

~r write HOUSE OF UMOJAP,O, 15187 San Francisr_o94115 - $1 ..00 apiece

SOUL S ISTA .- Cont inuedMOJA

r-,

Polygamy ,is .~ - ,su'~jetct, .

on. ~ whichmany

peopha-, have

written `'fbr andagainst .

In Africa

the t n~rbtago-nists speak ., .of .~ .i .t

as ,` ark `~fricancustom and m.ar}ogamy $~trop~an,.

3utpolygamy vas , :a : . .formi of

marriage ispracticed in many partsf of theworld besides llfrica .

It ;_ requiresno definition but for ~t~e

r:purposeof clarity it can be described as aform of ,marriage in which several

w. vds ,art

united- .to : acne, man, each=, e :- 'having

status of :a

legaL,consort,"'~~ while ~the :~ offspring a~~ regarded as

legs°1>~childr.en of the : ~nu~band,~- It'i is often

forgo~.ten that. poly_' ga?~y i`s not s© much

a fb~rm of mar-riage

fui~~Iamentally ~ d s~~nc,t frommonogamy' acs;-;-rather a x~~ltxple mono-gamy .

: Tt His always, ; - in fact, therepetition of a marriage contractentered individually with eeicth

9 Y'

4

BLACK' POWER--;: ~

PAGE 12,~

SOUL S ISTA' ~CQ Aft inued } ,,M

,

OJA

The

real basin,_ . . principle of anymarriage in its true sense is theunion of perso ;lahi"ties .

The Bible'says for the sake of marriage : " aman leaves his father and his mo-thers and r. a . r avss

'fib his wife,

andman leaves his father and his mo-ther and cleaves to ris wife,

andthey become cne fleeh" .

It is inmonogamy that this ic?eal is achiev-ed . The wholE> institution in itssexual, paren~:al,ecor.~.omic,legal andrelic,!"ons aspe cts is founded on thefact that the real fLl.nction of mar-riage, sexual union, production analcare of childt en. andr ~, the, cd-opera-

';tion which it imiplies, requires es-sentially two people and two peopleonly .

Waienever men begin to

realisetheir responsibilities polygamydies a natura~_ death .

In certain independent states inAfrica, for e::ample, in Tun~.sia andMorocco,d.espi':e their_ Islamic back-ground which r~rmits polygamy, le-gislation has moved strongly

towards monogamy . !

Tuxiisia '' has,

infact, abolished� polygamy

by lawThe same is 'true' 'oF`~sdme indepen-c'ent countries in Asia -- India andY~IoYth Viet Nam, for instance . Mono-~+amy is a sign or progress .

-In conc7~usion ; ,, .,7~ ,~~ou],r,1 r-�like < to :szote some~'poifts ~roln f the - . Go~n~rents

of the presb~iterian~ church .off�Ghanaca she Ghana ;,(n~tiite .> s .paper on f ~ ~~x~riage,

di .o-c~ ax~~, inher,itagce~ ."With regard tb

the .relat,oq~ of ,mean

and wome:y} .in marriage r.~t~d : ,~ ~v

home life,' tfi gee ~uhdaznental ;points -may bP ma~ttio red ~her~e :

I3LACIt 70WER :

' `'PAGE 1~.w

ad tc~n of~.,c :.

ur_~s, .,.\,g~ar y

.::^-

w:ze

,, w:trite argument that th~-~e `ys rzo-"where in the bible where ;;polygamyis forbidden . ' . ,;~Me bible

does h~ ",~eexamples of

~~ e,, gx~evous c~an;~e-~quences of polygamous marriageamong the early men o~ God.

Ttvasbecause of

Abraham'`s

second m~,w.--riage that Ismael we;s-

borr. as arival of the legitimate son o'=Jacob . Jacob's polygamous marr~.vr~~bro~it~ht ha,m ; . nothing :but

grief ;^;ndanxi+~fy . ~ ~r~ the

leter

history oftt~e J`evus pdlyga~iy was not pract~:~^dat all :2 i~Men grid women hive equal val?~c:

and dignity in 'the, ~i9~t : ~+f God, ar

,equably

redeemed . ~~

Ytim in . Je ~~~~~

Christ . The respect atad honouzwhich Jesus treated #~cm~ was

.v~r

not~?~J.e i:n Jewish soc~.ety ~a wY.:Lc?~~women ~Azere

ndt ' noir~ally given

ahigh place . ~"Thi;~ is feasible: iramonogamous marriage where marriageis a total un :pn of two persona -ties . The equality of men and wo~,men is strongly emphasized in t:aecreation story . It zs partnershipand not master and servant as i~t i ;;manifested

in the poi ygamous

rzat-riages .

Dr. D . M . G . Stalke r

~;,~~: "".;this cleanly in the: creation s~to :p~A woman is not from the man's headto have dominion over him, nor f_~-o?n

mhys feet:~abr'be `tram~iled u on

~,' t.,,'

`s~.r~ec~'ne `t~'io Y.~s'him, but from his

,

'~ .

'~:He-art to b~ .cherishe+~v and` loved by

J ` ~~ ~ a,:;.shim as a partner,

, ,

rccv3 .A haply carriage is the' one in

- .tc; :which the Partners always thi.r:k;prmore of each other thafr themselves .

:,s~:~r~elf shness . . s the murdefex nfi :vas.- i ~ : ;c .."riage . BTVf~'ii'! polygamy 'the centre

wife, establishing an individualrelationship ~~etween the man andeach of his partners .

It is a trL:isrn to say that mono-

l : Marriage is intended bybe the exclusive life-long unione man and one '~~voman . Tlmade clear in the holy scrip

gamy is, has 'peen and will remain~

by Jesus' going bel~, nd the polthe true typE of marriage . It is sanctioned by the ~~saic lacv to'the pattern ~.rad prototype of mar- ; affirm this as the, ui11 of god .'- iage . This point explains away

SOUL S ISTA'MOJA

of

every Thingpleasure . - i~ is a marria.c~e . .of sel-fishness .

In advocating for rnonogamous~mar-riage against polygamy I am .con-cerned with whit will promote~,_humandignity and a sound sQCiaY~.life .This is evident in the .life of anynation anal communities" where mono-ga::""~ i s. . . the practice and law,~~-.r-~,~.r~r ' i . ?

, . .

r , .-.:x,r

.D~AECQiA, Sr.t~~'ON SA~fS,'.

.,

. . ~., .~~ .

, .

~.~r.e... , -arc: . . . .m,4: .c ._ ty~un en

in

tireworld t`ra.n . mri~ .

Wiry :;h�~~l.dntt- ..aman

h~ 3e

d:~ ..ffe:ren c we~m~2 ~ . .,. o., ,;af-tera1?,, some; axe beiaer a-c coc~ki,ng,Bonze a'c xearing children, some atgoing to bed, others at tapingcare of the house ."

,Dakota 5taton, one of ; . ;, ;,,Amera~ca's

top songstresses, is now ., :al&o ::ra de-voute

is

the

hu`s~ac~'~s""~ ~ ~

BLACK POWER :

PAGE 19

:3F :q..~AYrAw

woute Muslim and so believes in theMuslim practice of polygamy, Sheis maxrie~d to "Alhaji" Talib AhmadDawud anal;; . declares that when herhusband',3.ntxdduced her to Allah shefound peace of mind . As a polygamysupporter, she says : Mari is natur-ally polygamous, He is supposed tohave more than one woman, In Amex-?.ca, everybody knows that a marriedinar~ has more than one woman, butthey wc~n't admit . it . kYE're~so~hy~~ WM~ocritical ,ab~u't~~¢veryth3:ng, ~-

"On the~"~othe.r hand,

wornen . . ..axe --supposed to be monn~gamaus, When awoman wants another man, .there's.-got to be a good rea~o~i~, But if aman r. .afl ;support moxe .than -orre womatathen let : him,' "~ ~.~ ~. .~ .xx .K ~ ~ x .~ ~-~ x ~ .,~. .,~.~ ~r x-x ~ -~-~

Woman without man ,is like field with-out seed,

I can did; BLACK POZ~JER : Pl~a~~ send me : .l.~ 1 year' ~ subscription C' ~=:~00)L`7 6 months subser ption'-( ::~1 "75)

I live outside the San F`fanc~i~~o' Bay Area :1 yea,r~ s subscr~.pt ori ( ~. ~5)6 months subscription (~2 .2~.)

NAME ' -,

!-,

PHONE

ASR ICAN PROVERB

Make a,ll checks to BT,ACK. 'fUWF.~2'.

.

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'J ~ ..~

.

.

. ..

RATS, ROACHES, AND RU1~`VS

It seems that the time of yearhad come " °ardund -, -again , for-=the An-nual Spring Fe~~tility Festival, andall over Itt tkie middle-class citi-zens and the aris ocxacy were mak-ing avid preparations . The peas-ants were par=~.~ularly excited because, being able to sing well at~dhaving a nat~.iral sense of rhythm.]they always ~;howed up everybodyelse durWg thn week-long Festival�It was their one time to reallybreak out .

Rufus - Reddi,-~g, the spokesman forthe peasants, rNas in the Emperor'schambers-go ng.avex the last draftsof plans for the Festival .

"Nau- what---we'd .like 3s a Foxtune-Telling Both,' Rufus said, "withsome conga dr '~rimers out in front tostir -uia . . bus.ir~ess,,,

and w_e'd like aplace to sell Soul Food, and="

"I don't knc-~u , " the Emper or mused,easing back in his golden throne .You peasants have been gettingmighty uppity lately, you knave,"

Rufus fxownE~d, "I know," he nod-ded, breaking into a smile . "We'vehad

our

c~if :'erences over the pastyea

BLACK POIi~ER :

PAGE 20

Rufus frowned . "I know," he nod-ded, breaking into a smile . "We'vedad our differences over the pastyear, but this is more importantthan ,all that . You know how mypeople Love"the Festival ."

` "And` . Trve been talking to-the Em-press,lately," the Empe~or ;contir,-ued. "She 'told me that some of you~easants. liave-been singing autsidwher', pa~,ace

in,

the

rnoinings arw9~> p~.aying drums, too-~-"

,!'they've just been practic ng.f~.-the Festiival

sir" ` Rufusrsmile~i w.pologetically . - 'v_"Now ' about

.~hr.,chitterling sale

we'de .,like ;.,ohave-______+~ .,

"The

Lfuke seems to agree with <"_M ;

too, "

the

Emperor

,said,

~'so. I -t °, -.decided

to

hold this " Festivah t:~ 3 . := :year ; withoat letting . ..the~ .,pea.san~:part cipate'in it ."

_- .~ . R.ufus~~-stopped shoz~t, " aghast

` !'Bu~But -sir,-" : he--atuttexed, !'t"± F

Fest-ival is.'my peaple,'s whole ,life .''"You can't just not let them parti-~ipate just because you :want to pun-ish them ;"

"No

the

Emperor said,. ., clos.i?~rhis

yes

and

gesturing

that . ,t?iematter was finished . "The peasantscan't participate in

the Festivalthis year and that's final :"

"Well damn you, then : Rufus ex-claimed, flaring up . "We'll holdour own Festival then, and see howmany people come to yours : It'sthe peasants that attract all thepeople anyhow:

And if you don'tlike it

we'~~ burn down . all ~fyour bat~ths and the whole damn com-munity ~rith ~it :"He stamped out of the room, lezv-

ing the Emperor staring opc..n-mouthed behind him .

Funny' thing happened,

though .Here we are in .the middle~of -theAnnual Spring Fertility'Festival a- .'-.the Merry Land of Itt, and

"".hampeasants are certainly particip~t-ing .

And `there hasp't been :~nt~trouble .

Maybe the Emperor wised up .

HOUSE OF UMOJ~

? c .-, . :.,.~ ~ p`r'rmary~pa~pose of t~~ House of Umoja ~(Uz~zty ) as its tradit3.ona].,

,t

,~ .

..

name impli'c~s, is designed to build a nation of BZ-ack ,_Peo~];:e whose �love

. ,- ,.-_~ :3 a . .

and, : unity is so' s~triSriE and tight that 'x~o poison wil~.`be fble

o, .z . '

taminat~ the Black rhythm for unity aria libexation .

our

is the 'official organ. of the house aiE`.'Umoja ..

_

.

,

: . ,-

that we must come together because. .,

, .

. . .

,aricestors~ demand `'that we raise 'their puxe Black Souls on to the . :

33ir ACK POWEF2' ;

THE HOUSE OF UMOJA

We believe, Brothers ana Sisters;

vestil~'rzle `~'~`. t'he c~ood" T31ack dirt ~ and a~sove the'`' i .~ .o , .

~,, f..t

slave 'ships, h'aurited plantations anc~ C`o'rrupt, dixty. . .r"?

decadence whioh'wiTY 'not' let our

joys of eternal ' li~~pZt~es's- .

In a word, this, :,y

buy ! . ..

Nc°.~*,gu Zangu Wa~i~~ufua ''4?ai sH o ;'

` ! ( long l:we , our

ai +cestor s : : rI

� . .

; . .

_i . .

JCZUIta~f1-.LOF Y3L 1~~ 1'~.~;'~"~~~'130 5 i:+~ias°on c ^-ve := :'-#4fan F'ra.ncisco,, G~.l~if94X17

BLACK POWER :

Page 21

white stench oftMe .sunken,

createva Love Supreme~ a whirlwind w'h~:ch a UNITEDBlack Man will .rele-. . . .,, ,

.

'

1 ';

.

~

.

. .

'

~ . i .

:

. ,

.

: . :

,

. .

.

.f 'li

.., ..j,.?gate'to the ashes of oblivion the'evil`wibratio~'s of western white. . . ~

,

,

ancestors part~l~e, in the music an

is vu~at the House of Umo~a

CO~Chairman Mwananchz rn"ie Mka zmoto. . " SJ~1 ; i .t .. . . . . . '. .. . . . . . ~ ~

'~i~'--Ciharman B~;~axaat~c~j : Robert Uweza,?;i~

o .~, , .

i~na~, ..~5.,.

~ . .`?~

. . :, ..I. ..L'r~,t'~ .,

t~~,kla:nd, ~;a'lif:1-~t9U:~.~ ~:~

.11iViOJ :'-

se~ys sendyour° money to help 4-iu~y!

) ;~ ..r :

~7f7tx,z1 Fi

:'K .~

T1 .fr..,,`7 T

d' ~.

~, i .t" :~

POD~: ~ N.~G:~10 CONT~. ^ F~ .iS.c ~. ~Lr:N~~SiVLi~;:R~ITT

.,Las elecc3ones- ~ars`antes ' qu¢~ ~~+~ .'~'. ~~~-'

tuvo recientemente en Ql colegio . c~tMerzitt

eri ~-~ Ia

ciud~-,c~

de Oakland'(California )

euando l,a ~~lministra-.

I'

ft :, ;^; , t "

,

~.Ll'.! .

.. :

: : ::. 1 . . ;. :c~.on bla~~a

~hterv3.nio e~' ~Y ~~Qidcar de ~.~ gerlte ri+~g~a en +~~ . gbb~.er~,

. .no estudiantil ya ha acabadcl ~n n~ia .c >` : .':desastre completo,

Los blancos racsst=~°s:-;fan ac~iisac~os ~'a que lo,s militantes negros han am-entados

,a ~ sft s blancos'`'"~ac stas ~ ;,eon '

asesinato a menos que,, .,lo,s blancosracistas abandonen 'sus '~ uest~css en"eI gobierno estudiantil . Y tamb.ienIos blaricos~~`tie~nen que trata~ `para`'que apoyar $u act tud rac~.sta gqrIos negros militaiates ' ~ a ~~Ids m3e~tb-'ros de concQjo pr~.ncipal . estudian-tiI amanazar7:os cbh` "asesin,a~tio his=ico n , ,

Frti realidad,

`la hermana

Mak hya `(Harriet Smith,), una militante geg-ra,

y la presidents `"de los est idi-' `antes asociados del colegio de Mer-ritt,

su ~ie~a _, .h.~. es~~ida ameriazada ipox sus enemigos, y sus hermanosmilitantes desde hosts Los Angeleshan estados la guardia de corps , deells

desde ., e~~onces

la

elecca.onfarsante .

Segun-mocha per's'oria's es~''tas acusaciones contra los militan-tes negros fuergn fer,~~dcis ~para�~s--conder los hechos gnn~, hat ian segos.`= ' 'dos .

Estas elecciones de Colegio deMerritt estuviexon sobre 2586 deEnero . Los candidatos en la elec-cidn fueron la hermana Makinya (Ha-rriet Smith) juntamente con Ia gen-te negra de su partido. Un grupocont~olado por los blancos racistas"gano" la elecci~n, pero el hechoes que Ios miembros del comite delas elecczones- -n~o--f~z~x~n-~p~~r~rt~ciosa contrr las balotas.

~Entonces,~,quienes contar,cta~.lo.s bal,vta9? Fuela administration Blanca f~c stasi misma, que conta' Ios balotas .Y los est:udiantr~s negros qu eues

:~-=CIaT~... ~~i .~L G ~3L~:GIG D1c;

~iC1'a

~iezori_~ a' Yl~c~,~roh

1tie~klt~, fi'e'sta obrafiteton :'. exdl~i~do

siste~a.t :tcameu~~a,r ~, :

, t ~w, ~

~ .-,

: t

,

�.

,yes e ~~ ~~ta~'~+~

`'c~on~e '~ a <tarea es-''.-tt~i~~ ~.~evahr~r~ a cabo, Mien_tras

'

'tar'~t~~ R '`~~3`trii ett1~5~~gb,

,+e1 '~g~;uipo~ `Cont~rfl;adn poi ~,~ts . h~sn~tistas

(blancos~'ai~i~'~~~~~) *'~~e i~~scal fit`cadc~ 'p$'r e1comite de .1as elecci,ones, a cuara deirregul`ai'idades"`' .d~ 5us camp~nas .E1 mas im~ortante . . irregularidad foe

'-~ Ya `i~~negae~.ow cue'`los` lac'~cyos i~ n~~e-gar. urea lists de sus gastos de 1a~, ,.c~pan~

.'~ La dec ssdm"~de'I "comity°wde' `las elecGione, s, ,. fue apoyad

par t~I.~co~is~jd ,,.~udic~:~1 gct~ ` . .inuvi oa s~ ~it~~rx `los candidatos con la segunda can-

; :"tic~atl i~.e` vdtos c~.t~r ~'a~~~1'~~cibn.~r,s~,j,, .

,, guir .e~t,a accion por el,,yconsejo ~u-`dicial

el . :.sen' . ..ado ' `de la 'fact ltad ~ " . .vgto~l9 a 4,p~ra .permitir los estu-;. _;.

,diantes a 'i~~~f~~:r ~os'a~tintds v'd~ ei'''gobierno de,los est,udiantes, perof,. . ~ ,1a '~aclmin st~acx~n racists ~ cdnc~~i~ da"~"-~''por el Redford decidio a tratar con2T 'gobierno es'~ui~~~intfl Cfa ~r~eclaraP :~' ;en favor de estableciendo en el po-der los oficiales de Ia faction gb~=``bernado por los honkistas hosts hu-biera sido arxeglado 1a "disputa ."

`~Pero na era tal disputa, porque elco~ncejo judicial, que conforrne alcodigo del gobierno estudiantil,tiene voz de mando en esta close deasunto se hizo de decido en faforde la hermana Makinya y su facca.on .La confirmation de esta decisidnue enviada a Redford por el pro-

cu~ador .gs~~eral; del Estado :de Cali-fo~rx~ia (nrocuraci~` 2/~`, '- Vol . 14,pg, 210) .. En eI segundo lugar,fuera de ntervenir illegslmente enel gobierno negro estudiantil, Red-.ford-. solo © -en el . c:onse~a- . .e.,studian-til a los candidatos que hablran si-do des,cal ~icados .

Y es~e" opone atodas' ~las~ concepciones de la justi-cia civilizada .

(F.]. parte segunda~,de este articu-lo sexa en el numero pr6ximo deFLACK POWER : )

T i.LS IS r" tOUa.i:J fll' U1ViCyJta PUBLIC~ "TIDN

~ a. r

v < ~ BL'A~K

F(~WER ; ' .,~~: t

~w"

y�. .

_,t ` :~

, th

The first 50ULfOOK cvox,k ;.of;- .a~ up~and coming young B~:ackwriter, potent .ally, one, o.F ;~~e best: : ofd: =tl~e . ,g~neratiori .''The 19 year-old L~r:othex g yes a to-t~h~~wp~fnt:` review of'Regis Debray's Revolution-. in : a Revo3, .itt~iroi~~3r~ ~ with partic-ulax emphasis on it,~ .-. alap~ cation in ~E~1a'ck America . `

~E PROPAGANpA~D~TA~HM~I~T,;QF THE VIETNAI~SE LIBERATIONr ;r,ARMY: ., . . . . . . .

. '~~alo Nguyen' GiapTranslated~fxom the Fxench by the SOULBOOK ForeignLanguage Dep,artine~n;t, ~ this story of the : beg~:nning daysof the Democratic Republic o~ Vietnam .~:.is~written by~the military and pol tical "genius who mastermindedthe .devasta,t~ng Tet . .Offensxvs last January:

ON C~N1`12t~T.IZATION, , , . , , � , , . s : , , , , , , , ; ; L , ,Rola ~c3 Snel lingsL;rinc~s'~.iiut the .necessity for .-.the creat.i?an .'of ''a BlackUni*tec~ . Front, such a~ has ;b:e:en formed i nwWashzngton,D.C .. ; ~kie~ S~n .Francis.co Bay, :;l~rea, anx~~�Los :Angeles, bya. Brother wl o worked in Atlanta with- their founder',Brothex 5tokely Carmichaclr. . r°. -,-

yet y~'eopy fromREJECT NOT$$ ..: . . , . . . . . . . , . . . ,.,: . . . . . . . . .'" ; ;,; ::I31;ack= ~T,?oets

aUC.-~- .c:.~~ Iiv~xt,~Anothex, fantastic selection .o-f poetr~r fxom the ;'3OUi,~- `

!

' 14'B LeavenworthBOOK ~P`cietry Department, ; Ine~l~uded is -poetry by ~Hq Chi '~-'~

~a'n 1='~~ncisco,Minh, .. CaroX" _ ~`reeman (perhaps-,the best poet :of the Black `'

Califo'`~°hia'-94120South)., `and Ernie Mka7.iinoto . .(;Allenl,,,l~ational Cow~ i_ :

orCha~.rman, of the. House~of, .Umaj.a .

r : ; .~ ~

r>

~ :' :~

~ioulbook

A

PR ISON_ DIAP~Y~, ., . . . Qpr'P ;°

.~ ., . .~ o � ;,, .< , . . . , , . , , . ;, . . Phan ~ 1Whuah

, '-

~berkeley,

ca 1if94701Another fzr°st fpsr, , the,, r,O~,Ji,,~zofl~{ Foreig~a; Langua+~~~ ~ De~~art~~ ;

orment,

An in¢im,?'Le s°to =l , .pf ~,he early: .l.ife of one ofr the

~e ~raM~m~greatest revo~.it~; :%ona ~.eti, the world has ever known, Presi- 32'45 VJ . C;nica~o Blvd,dent Ho Chi Pflinh,

~ .

:: ;~,

"pt 401, . ~

L7etroit, ~,r ichi~;anFANONIAN IL~EO:L.OGY r:P~nTHL?. FF,ASANTRY, . . , . .Abdelbaki Hermassi

48206Translated by SOU'~.BOO C, th7.s is a short revie~b- .of the rev-

or .ol~ationary theories o :~ B:°.o-~her Frantz :Fanon, the great Black L~o~b tAamiltonwriter and psychiata^>~.st

Page 23

OfiHER ~~VERSIONS, . . . , , . o , . o . . . , 4 : . . , . . , . .

. :- .Ama~,rlAta Aid~iri .~ < :. : .One of the short st:a~ies .d~ -tlYe year, this .wa~e~k~~l~y a'';'young Sister from Ghana reflects the dynamic youngviewpoints of the SOULBOO&C staff . Fresh and Black,A -: ,

CUBA : THE UNTCLD STORY (PART I ) , , . . . . ~ * : : �Carlos, ~MoaYMust, must , MUST be read before you pick up anything va

xt "' ,`~ abov'~ i~Ui~Guevara, Castro, or the Cuban revolut:.ic~xn:

Written by 'an' m'v' '- 1~T" 'vvAfro-Cuban, Part I deals with the background of the Cubansituation, the Black xevolutionaries, and the racism'in-herent in Cuba from the days when she was a slave port tothe United States .

75~

° 473 V, 152ndl~ew Yor1~; Tv " Y._ .Donald F'~reman

' New' 3chnol ~of~'.frci~:rn~r canTl~ou~ht , 'I4t1i-atreet

. . vi!?..s nin~;ton

. ~, . , ; . r ; p o i~~x 1097

D " G "

DR . MARTIN KING (Continued #2)

ti"iolence in the wgrld~."For

those

who 'kriei~ - the 'man andthe depth of his non-violent con-"~.~ietians, this was the admission ofgrave incertitude and defeat,

Buta dangerous defeat for whom? Leastnor the Blacks of the ghettos, wholead, by their own pressure, pushedthe apostle of .non»violence to takeon such a poszt~;.c~n, . :` `Mostly foz thewhite power structfuxe,

In Autumn, 1966`, Dr, King decided'to push his offensive of non»via-lence in the North by beginning inChicago,

He prepared a march onCicerd`(a section of Chicago), thencalhed it off at :the last minuteafter the local authorities made apromise of concessions .

Two years later, ;, the uprisingthat overflowed in the supportivemarch for the garbage collectors ofMemphis could no longer afford anoccasion for suprise . :. . King, in e~-~:ect, had to count mo.~g and more onpressure excercised by ;$~o~Cely Car-~ichael and numexous othex Chris»vian leaders of the South ; evenSNCC had remained non-violent onlyas long as the weight of oppressionhad allowed .

King himself was walking a tight-7_°ope .

His is the tragedy of Black,liberals,ir~ a society based on ;seg» ; :negation .

Reduced .to making 'comp-, ! ; ;r~mises :from all sides, at the same4i~e ._ .h.e

;had to relay the challenge;that a new generation :of ~3lacks ,had , : ,flung at him,

_alb, the -.wh l.~ ~~ntQx-twining the liberal illusionv thatthe "integrationist,d3.alogue" wasstill po Bible .From there we go on to the real

causes of King's death-.,

It .was� ,irk- .:;erted

on the AmeXa.can calendar- :. a : ,few days

before

Johnson;'s, : ~ '"peace~affensive" in Vietnam ; this was notby accident . The "hawks," the Ame-rican army

which wa~~ hum lia't.ec~ ,by , ,a loss of initiative :,,-;~qu.xvalent to . rdefeat in the famous ~ T~at~}Offensive,and the ; tensions

betw~e~r~ t~aoae : .wha_ .earned their livelihood through thenar

and those

who; ; ~uaoted: ;'.'geaGe", ,slid not spare this ~. .~la~~C libexal.hrham ,:hey had expected, better _of; - .

In the Herald Tribune editorial

t:~n pa~ ~ 22

tree title should Ue^_ ;;,rb,~,~~:I~y-P~-~-~, instea3 of ^-1VIZi;1~IC:1 ;

BLACK POWER : Page 2~l

~if February 24, 1968, a last a,-ndgrave warning was addressed to Kingon the question of the tylack UnitedFont that he and Carmichael hadfarmed in several cities (includingthe San Francisco Bay Area . . . .ed.) :"King's poorly thought-out campaigncoincic~s exactly with the new Len-mist stage--and,th~e most:dang;erousone-»of the rapid ascension~,of Sto-kely Carmichael towards the-.summit .Tn effect, the lattex-,;s3nce :his re-turn has been practi~Eing :;th~ ' Len»mist tactics of alla.ance, .;betweenrevolutionaries and non-revolution-aries ."~v Urr3aed~ with K~.ng, the xevolution-aries could take the initiative ailthe more, as they then: :had at theirdisposal theeBlv~k masse whom Kingcould cause to~move intothe strug-gle . With King dead :they (thewhite power) thought they couldmake the "L31ack mdr~stera" leavetheix "jungles" so bheyr':oould beoffed by racists . : ;: Kingcs. deathcould serve ~. : . as a ;~us~tification forrepression against Black '"extremists ."

But, in fact, the revolu-tionaries have shown that with orw,i,thout, King

they have th+~ ` in tia-tive . . .,if King'had to Paywith hislife for the difficult" task ofBlack Unification ., . . .in .,the UnitedStates,

his mux~der is .already ach-ieving results ; the coming togetherof

lack Amexicans is a more fit-ting tribute : to the goal of MartinLuther King's life work than allthe useless eulogies that have beenwx3tten after ,him.

Stack Power salute-°~~s gspen~~OZane-bearing body aJ Dr . Kinr~as it readies jpr ~IIR'e

hxs taken$,, ,trip . tm.,.A~tanta .

were sworn eveznies

S~GNED;

na was

Q

pared ta, , Ch~.angno : :L31ac1~ .g~er sQnrr

"~ws~. .. . �~3~ t3~e,{ai-shek once.

shows that evenek was a trait-tainese people,e to unite withont when Chinain 1935 .

en thciThey ;united .

sing invaded byan both of them'the survival- :ofas at stake .cannot ,

afford~' us is thxeat~e~Fore- wa decideal of :a11 BlackDr , Martin L.u-Lled because hewas killed ber

f: ~rothex Bob-Lled because hee Black ~anthexlled bec x~se her what auk; dif-y . axe small in-problom:af our

This is themust unite, oxsh in the whiteBath . Black U-~ct~ Congresses )1 Black Cammun-1-ink -ou-rselvesbehind a common

i.t~

OT N$CF~SARTLY~N OF THE, $ATTO~'Sa~~Y~ r.~ .~ OM.YECTS T~tB P!QS ITiTON

~.~13 TH.~

Why must II] ack People un te? °Thisis a question that many Black Amen-icarxs axe asking themselves today..The .a:nswer is that we ,must unite i~a.order : to s, ~ vive,- in order o pr:e-sen :a common" frcar~t to Qux appres-s4.x"s; : .Why did the Vietr~amese . un te?

Whydid they feelthey, needed aNation-al Liberation Fr.or~t? I~o all Viet-namese have ~~e same interests?Let us cake a nook at the Nation-~

a~ Libex,atiora .Fxant (NLFj in

SouthV3,etnam: ~ Tnsa;de .the front ,you

~r~,'ilfind'Catholics, Communists, Buck-.dhists, capitalist,, workers, peasants,, and soei-alis~s .

Each grouphas d f~'erent self-interests whichit vaax~ts-,

tci , pxoteot . - Then ,why .doVietnamese corns together? Theycome

together because .the~r have..r Y

r....~..~.- _~�cotamota

-interest , wh~.ch ~s more im- ,portant than all of their d fferen-~ "~++I

~

r~+~

err ~rrrrr.ces put together, and that interestlies

in ;seeing ,white. American

im- ;pezialism driven : . out,

of theircountry .

No.-one group of Vietna-mese itself . , whether it be Commu-nest,,or :Capitalist, or IIuddhist,,or Socialist, is capable .af~dxiv ngthe ; white. man ,out of. their country,The Vietnamese realize ths;t the on,-ly way to figlat the

war is to . join :together in a common-front which u~nites all those who can be united,and neutralizes or isolates thosewho cannot ox will not be broughtover .

, This-' is the way a unitedfrotat works .

When, we ].ook at our situation inthe United .~tates, we see that theoverriding contradiction in Amexiaatoday is; that between the Black,Na-tionalist oppressors . No one wouldd+sny that there., are dif~exenceswith the Blank Nation, but just asin the ,case of th~x~ Va:etnacrnese, . thecommon interest w-e have is - `the s,.,~:ur��,

v,oval of the Black Nation far ou~c-weigli these difference's .

;vie haveUncle Toms, certainly, but'they-can

in . no~ . ~a,y

?ae

co,Kai~shsk, ~ becausein America ~has,~vpower which Ch3;anghad. . Arid historythough~Chiang Kai-sor to the cause oaEMao Tse--tang was ablhim in a common frwas invaded b~ Japandid<thev unite, e

eaausea power

trarager thput together, andthe Ch~,nese nation-wBlack People ;' , We;

to wa~.t until e ch oenecl individually bto unite . The surv~:vpeople is at stake :then. King- was not k,iwas a . }~aptist . Hecause he was Blackby H~tton :was *riot kiwas a

umber

. of; th.arty,

He was

,, , ka.was 13lack~ No mottoferenc~es gay be;, thedec~d'compared to thesurvival in AmericaUasis upon which weelse we wi11 perishadow of imminentnited Fronts, (or II1must be formed in alities~so that we mayoge'~h~r nationally

organ-ization .

Mund

NEWS ARTTCLES DOREFLECT THB OPTNT

.ACK P(JVaLR~' ~~EDTTI~tCAL REf

0~" THF HOUSE OF '

t~,~CJiPOl2T~~iVT NCfT~; 9~l~L~N.E, F:~cQ=~t ~r~'t''fca..i~C ~~~-toULD R.~ :"~~J,~ : "~sk;T:d~~ "C:I~. N1-TIC>N ~-NI'> C3r1aZ'c~a~'FR.;~o,~Qa~.,~, ~Hl~ WktIT~.; N1,

R Vl~ . Y

WC ly4' :;~~

¢-O:H~#T:I pNE R~~

," rL ~iGnf Pl`d,A'~~ , H tCdNTA~~I'~` WlTII ' ,MB#Vjjc ADVCN1'l1RE:It~

'r wAttN AF:RIC~:A.

TNk

rc,~lflxy Wr~uf. ; ._.

. . .~;r,T~le Ltat,M+~-~i~A'FRt~CA .

~EGAUSk CrARVEY WIR$ A, VERX llRll:4lANT AN'C Y40RlL,;S~'VE YpUNQ NAN .g~1gWONT KIM Af1R~t6t.ENT POfITI

NBA

11E46LAE011

~r : .. .Wl # 4E

IN PQI.I T l ,~~S , d' A,RY~EY6$E~V,ED~ TME,fTF' "A AtK PEOPLE . kiItRVEY NOTICED THk1Ry

,., CONDiT1O M 3 ." ~

/'"'"

"AK AK`i".

s~ur~w A.~~~

Q'A'RYEY TRAVELEDTRRp11QM~aWT : THtWEST-`~NDIEB . CENTRAL.

ANb ROUfiH AMEIU~CA, ME 'FOUNp

~ : TMC CCiNDIY'lOIrS .. bF ,i,84AClt PBp

Tp

Bk

T:fi~f

.

,qy~ siAM1C .

o+o .

THE;; `SAMR6pNd1TI.O'N�$,

l~~ \`~.,1

r/.

IiARVkY RkA~D pF

I I

I !

~,;~COIIOITJ~ONf~6LACK~ Pk

\,PLk IN '1'w~' . IIsB .A. ANp F

Dl, . l.TMLMx~b~ik ?Nk'iAME, Mk ASIt

l;Airkhr"WNLRR~ IS ~TMC 'OLACI# MJ1N~4 104VkItNME'NT, WHERk If MIS KRIODQMyNII1, KIN~f WMkRR IS MIf PRki1DEN~, MISICq~WNTRYf MIS AMLIAStADO ;R; WfS ,~R,MY,NAVY 1(Ir MEN OF "14 AFI~AJRlZ~~ qIC

l4WS7 Rk #~~` .N:t.IVR .p .

~~

4','THIAM~ MA,RCt! " Ly

~ t. NtKIKE .`

.,

("~,q.AFT<R READINA,;~ftlp FROM .: :~~'t . LAVEIIY~' NY

\:-:

1'd.~~-wcJ': vI

iRCONOMI CCC1NO ITiOM~FOR CiI.ACK9

~ARv

~S~WPFE!R(NOS 1!

: fiIGS IN

.TH E..; , d1A M LE

EIakQaE ;wNa,;,~Wk fAJll ;,Sa E7 E D ~I~ M-ryN4

LEARNEDF~R~!M'`HII

It4ACK "TIIp4N1'fC y gEA ,AND .pTjl[Ri Wyp T,R,RVCL'~TMAT THE CbNaITlO~if QIIAfIRICA

.1;: RIG,K+IKAYI~

a1~Rx ;T:'WA;HI NQ,~~~~O.IAIIYkY~i ROLE IIJhC~C~

s, m~osWKfY¬

MI S

:�,~

FOUNp , . qNE .

+s~RYE~ ~THi6N RR :~1.1 ;~`k0~'

"NEYkR-SAY" DtC~' PHILOSCPNY WHICH

NC .WAS 3CNERAI.MAMAdER pP A

4ARGC PRINTINd ~tA1Q~r'~

F1RM~ WHEN HC ~~~ r~~~Q~'

~WS~

,aNI.,Y ~ t tl . ~ '~'

It1:a11TE 'EN rRa .oa EpoFOfC

.,~~~~N1~~: ;OL D .