© Banff and Buchan College 2004 Psychodynamic and Humanistic Explanations of Depression.
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Transcript of © Banff and Buchan College 2004 Psychodynamic and Humanistic Explanations of Depression.
![Page 1: © Banff and Buchan College 2004 Psychodynamic and Humanistic Explanations of Depression.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f315503460f94c4d44b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© Banff and Buchan College 2004
Psychodynamic and Humanistic Explanations of Depression
![Page 2: © Banff and Buchan College 2004 Psychodynamic and Humanistic Explanations of Depression.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083006/56649f315503460f94c4d44b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© Banff and Buchan College 2004
Psychodynamic Explanations
Freud
• anger turned towards the self
• bereavement results in sense of worthlessness or guilt
• can be symbolic bereavement
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BUT
• Weissman et al (1971) found that people with depression often express intense anger towards others
© Banff and Buchan College 2004
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Alternative Psychodynamic Theory
• depression as ‘love addiction’ (e.g. Rado, 1928)
• dependent on others for self-esteem
• require constant demonstrations of love
• but, care little for others
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Evaluation
Psychodynamic theories are difficult to test, but two claims have been supported by empirical evidence:
• Neitzel and Harris (1990) demonstrated that a high level of dependence is a characteristic of depressed people and that dependent people are more prone to depression.
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Evaluation (contd)
• Kendler (1991) demonstrated that depressed people are not more likely to have suffered a parental death in childhood, but they are more likely to have suffered separation through family conflict. It appears that poor parenting is more important than the death of a parent at placing a child at risk from depression.
© Banff and Buchan College 2004
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Humanistic Explanations
• guilt over perceived failure to ‘live competently’
• failure to make choices, to fulfill his or her potential and to take responsibility for his or her life
• fear of aloneness. Depressives are dependent, and depression is precipitated by loss.
© Banff and Buchan College 2004
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Humanistic Explanations (contd)
• loneliness is not something to be avoided or treated
• a human condition which should be used as a means of personal growth
• people become anxious about loneliness and react to their solitary state by engaging in wasteful superficial social activities which do not allay their fears
• this futile struggle adds to the depression.
© Banff and Buchan College 2004
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© Banff and Buchan College 2004
Henderson Road, Fraserburgh, AB43 9GA
Tel: (01346) 515777 Fax: (01346) 515370
www.banff-buchan.ac.uk