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Dear citizens and visitors to the Kaliningrad region!

Those who were born and grew up here and who chose the most Western region of Russia as their second homeland call it Amber Land. Here lie 90 percent of worlds supply of amber, a mineral that keeps its secrets for hundreds of millions of years . This means that 9 out of 10 amber souvenirs once were tears of resin on magnificent Baltic pine trees.

Gigantic sand dunes, strong but fragile, medieval touch in architecture, salty splashing waves of the Baltic make you fall in love with the region from the first sight.

But arguably the main reason to come back here again and again has always been the hospitality of citizens of the Russian Baltics.

All of us, natives of the land and those who have lost their heart to it as their second homeland, are always happy to offer our guests the very best, which is unique nature, rich history and genuine hospitality.

I hope that this issue in your hands will help you find your way in the variety of business opportunities in our region and that it will become a reliable guide through the vast amount of tourist offers.

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Sincerely yours,Nikolai TsukanovThe governor of the Kaliningrad region

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Dear visitors to Kaliningrad!I am happy to welcome you to the capital of Amber

Region! In this issue named Guide to the Kaliningrad region you can find a lot of useful and exciting information, including information about Kaliningrad.

There are over 430 000 residents living in the administrative centre of the region. Kaliningrad is attractive not only for its history which is unique for Russia and started in 1255 from the settlement of Twangste. Before 1946 the city was named Koenigsberg. Now Kaliningrad is a large transport hub with sea port, river harbour and international airport. Engineering, metal, fish, printing and consumer goods industries are rapidly growing in Kaliningrad.

Kaliningrad is the centre for culture life of the region. Here you can find the following museums: Museum of Amber, History and Arts Museum, Friedland Gate, Koenig Gate, World Ocean Museum and Art Gallery. Besides, there are Drama Theatre, Puppet Theatre, Art Centre, Yunost and Yantarny sports centres. Kaliningrad residents prefer to spend their spare time in the Kaliningrad zoo, Yunost and Centralny parks or walking along the Higher and Lower lakes. Numerous shopping centres, cinemas, night clubs, cafes and restaurants attract people from the whole region to Kaliningrad.

Residents and guests enjoy visiting various celebratory events, festivals and sports competitions in Kaliningrad. The most exciting event in 2012 will be the City Day expected on the 7th and 8th of July. This year it coincides with Fishermans Day, a holiday traditionally beloved by Kaliningrad residents. The celebration will open with grand concert near the House of Soviets. On Sunday, the 8th of July, part of the city will be converted to a pedestrian area with numerous concert and creative grounds. Here you will be able to see various performers, from folk to jazz, buy local craft works, admire the skills of sportsmen and enjoy vintage car show. Exciting and memorable experience will not leave anyone unmoved.

I am sure that you will truly fall in love with the remarkable city of Kaliningrad and decide to come back to the most Western city of Russia more than once.

Welcome to Kaliningrad!

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Sincerely yours,Head of Urban District Kaliningrad cityAlexander Yaroshuk

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Dear inhabitants and guests of the Kaliningrad region!Every year the project of the City guide introduces

Amber Land visitors with the proposals of tourist agencies, restaurants and cafes, cultural and leisure activities, helps to orient in a variety of places and activities of our rich in tourist resources region.

According to ecxclave geographical location of the region, it is very important to provide the information for tourists helping to choose a journey to the unique places of our Amber Land: the health resorts of Federal significance town Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk, national Park Curonian Spit, fortifications and castles, historical and cultural heritage objects of Kaliningrad and Kaliningrad region.

Such information projects are the ones of strategic importance for the Kaliningrad region, which also contribute to the development of domestic and inbound tourism and create the image of our region.

The Kaliningrad region offers rich historical heritage, the cultural traditions, picturesque nature. And the most important factor to visit Kaliningrad region a great desire of inhabitants of the region to show our guests the beauty of the native Land.

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Sincerely yours,Elena KropinovaHead of the Agency for Tourismin the Kaliningrad Region

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BERS ................................. 8 (4012) 56 38 11 ................................. 8 (4012) 56 38 01 ................................. 8 (4012) 56 38 02 ................. 8 (4012) 56 38 80, 56 38 77 ................. 8 (4012) 56 37 31, 56 37 32 ................. 8 (4012) 56 38 83, 56 38 82: www.fms39.ru . , . . , 4 ................................. 8 (4012) 56 68 99 . , . , 133 ................................. 8 (4012) 95 76 88 ........................................ 8 (4012) 95 68 38: www.consulate-kaliningrad.mfa.ltE-mail: kons.kaliningradas@urm.lt - . . , . , 22 ................................. 8 (40161) 3 81 65 ........................................ 8 (40161) 3 73 09E-mail: konsovetsk@baltnet.ru - . , , 51 ................................. 8 (4012) 97 64 40 ........................................ 8 (4012) 97 64 43 ................................. 8 (4012) 97 64 00: www.kaliningradkg.polemb.netE-mail : kaliningrad.kg.sekretariat@msz.gov.plE-mail : kalininigrad.wiza@msz.gov.pl - . , . , 4 ........................ 8 (4012) 92 02 19: www.kaliningrad.diplo.deE-mail: info@kaliningrad.diplo.de - . , . . , 52 ................................. 8 (4012) 56 55 01E-mail: chancery.kaliningrad@mfa.gov.lv - . (, , , , , , ) VFS Global. , -, 87-91 ................................. 8 (4012) 31 10 18 . , . . , 35 ................................. 8 (4012) 21 44 12 ........................................ 8 (4012) 21 27 00

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, EMS ................................. 8 (4012) 32 37 00TNT Express ................................. 8 (4012) 95 73 88 ................................. 8 (4012) 77 79 50 ................................. 8 (4012) 91 11 11 ................................. 8 (4012) 68 69 31- ................. 8 (4012) 98 53 36, 75 31 86 ................................. 8 (4012) 64 82 76 .......... 8 (4012) 64 69 41

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USEFUL PHONE NUMBERS

BUSINESS-ASSOCIATIONS, EXHIBITIONSForeign Investors AssociationTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 30 70 78Baltic-Expo. Exhibition centerTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 34 10 95Kaliningrad Chamber of Commerce andIndustry .................................... 8 (4012) 59 06 50German-Russian House ......... 8 (4012) 46 96 82Hamburg Chamber of Commerce.Representation in KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 95 55 44Nordic Council of MinistersInformation Office in KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 61 69 72

AUTHORITIESAdministration of urban district City of KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 92 34 35Administration of urban district City of Kaliningrad, Economic DevelopmentDirectorate, Foreign Economic RelationsDepartment ............................. 8 (4012) 92 31 52

Kaliningrad Regional DumaTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 91 84 38Kaliningrad Regional CourtTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 99 77 01Public Chamber of the Kaliningrad regionTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 95 39 30Administration of RF Presidential Plenipotentiary EnvoyTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 59 99 44District Soviet of Deputies ...... 8 (4012) 92 33 70Government of the Kaliningrad regionTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 59 90 01Government of the Kaliningrad regionAgency for TourismTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 59 91 40

CALL CENTERSFree referral services:Zapadniy Svjaznoy ................. 8 (4012) 30 60 30Referral service 323Telephone .............................. 8 (4012) 32 33 23Exact time serviceTelephone ........................................8 (4012) 060

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Referral service of newspaper JarmarkaTelephone .............................. 8 (4012) 33 38 88Paid referral service:Service 057Telephone .............................. 8 (4012) 81 18 11

REFERRAL SERVICES OF MOBILE OPERATORSTELE 2Telephone .............................. 8 (4012) 90 99 09BeelineTelephone .............................. 8 (4012) 37 86 11MegafonTelephone .............................. 8 (4012) 36 20 00MTSTelephone .............................. 8 (4012) 39 03 90SvjazInformTelephone .............................. 8 (4012) 71 71 71Inter-city telecommunication supportservice. 24-hourTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 56 20 00

TOURIST INFORMATION CENTERSRegional Tourism information center4, Mira Pr., KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 55 52 00Tourist information center of Zelenogradsk7, Moskovskaya St., Zelenogradsk,Telephone ............................... 8 (40150) 3 27 90Tourist information department of KaliningradAmber plant1, Balebina St., Yantarny Settlement,Telephone ................. 8 (40153) 3 72 40, 3 72 44Tourist information center of Svetlogorskurban district7A, K. Marksa St., Svetlogorsk, Telephone ................. 8 (40153) 2 20 98, 2 17 63Visitor information center of theCuronian Spit National park2, Sergeeva St., room 402, KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 53 93 06Telephone .............................. 8 (4012) 53 29 07Curonian Spit National ParkRybachiy settlementTelephone ............................... 8 (40150) 4 13 46Korolevskiy ZamokHotel Kaliningrad, 1st floor, 81, Leninskiy Pr., KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 35 07 82

MEDICINE, REFERRAL SERVICESPharmacy. Referral service onpharmaceuticals availabilityTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 77 70 03Emergency HospitalReferral service ....................... 8 (4012) 53 45 56Emergency Hospital.Trauma center for adult patientsTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 53 12 76Regional Childrens HospitalReferral service ....................... 8 (4012) 21 32 56Medical Diagnostic CenterTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 32 02 02Regional Infectious Diseases HospitalTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 53 11 80Regional Clinical HospitalReferral service ....................... 8 (4012) 57 85 77Regional Narcology HospitalTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 46 98 55Regional Hemotransfusion StationTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 21 55 41Regional Dental ClinicTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 46 23 26

Regional Dermatovenerologic DispensaryTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 53 27 23Perinatal Center of the Kaliningrad regionTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 46 06 27Regional Perinatal CenterTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 36 23 33Russian Red CrossTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 46 61 43Emergency Call ServiceTelephone ........................................................ 03Emergency Call Service (paid)Telephone ............... 8 (4012) 77 73 03, 55 55 03Central City HospitalReferral service ....................... 8 (4012) 64 78 71Urgent psychological assistanceHelpline .................................... 8 (4012) 21 22 28

CONSULATES AND REPRESENTATIONS.PASSPORTS AND VISAS SERVICESRepresentation of the MFA of Russia17, Kirova St., KaliningradReception ............................... 8 (4012) 21 37 12Fax ........................................... 8 (4012) 21 06 26Consular service ..................... 8 (4012) 21 16 68Passport service ...................... 8 (4012) 95 85 02Invitations service ................... 8 (4012) 21 59 28Website: www.kaliningrad.mid.ruE-mail: kaliningrad@mid.ruDepartment of the Federal MigrationService of Russia in the Kaliningrad regionRecipient-oriented Reference DepartmentTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 56 38 62Telephone ............................... 8 (4012) 56 38 63Passport issuing and migration registration departmentTelephone ............... 8 (4012) 56 37 76, 56 37 82Procurement of Visas, permits, invitations and registration of foreign citizensIssuing of invitationsTelephone .............................. 8 (4012) 56 38 16Migration registration and issuing of visasTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 56 38 10Temporary residence permits and permanent residencyTelephone .............................. 8 (4012) 56 38 13Line for State Migration Scheme participantsTelephone ............................. 8 (4012) 56 38 11Department of CitizenshipTelephone ............... 8 (4012) 56 38 01, 56 38 02Department of labour migration, refugeesand forced migrantsTelephone ............... 8 (4012) 56 38 80, 56 38 77Department for travel passport issuingTelephone .............. 8 (4012) 56 37 31, 56 37 32Department on Work with CompatriotsTelephone ............... 8 (4012) 56 38 83, 56 38 82Website: www.fms39.ruVisa Application Center of Italy4 A, Koloskova St., KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 56 68 99Consulate General of the Republic ofLithuania133, Proletarskaya St., KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 95 76 88Fax ............................................ 8 (4012) 95 68 38Website: www.consulate-kaliningrad.mfa.ltE-mail: kons.kaliningradas@urm.ltConsul General Mr. Vaclav StankevichConsulate of the Republic of Lithuania in Sovetsk22, Iskry St., Sovetsk, Telephone ............................... 8 (40161) 3 81 65

Fax ............................................ 8 (40161) 3 73 09E-mail: konsovetsk@baltnet.ruConsul Ms. Luda Kleimjenova Consulate General of the Republic of Poland 51, Kashtanovaya Alleya, KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 97 64 40Fax ............................................ 8 (4012) 97 64 43Information on visasTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 97 64 00Website: www.kaliningradkg.polemb.netE-mail: kaliningrad.kg.sekretariat@msz.gov.plE-mail of visa department: kaliningrad. wiza@msz.gov.plConsul General Mr. Marek Maria GolokowskiConsulate General of the FederalRepublic of Germany4, Leningradskaya St., KaliningradVisa service .............................. 8(4012) 92 02 19Website: www.kaliningrad.diplo.deE-mail: info@kaliningrad.diplo.deConsul General Mr. Aristide Emil FensterConsular Sections Chancery of theEmbassy of the Republic of Latvia52A, F. Engelsa St., KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 56 55 01E-mail: chancery.kaliningrad@mfa.gov.lvHead of Chancery Ms. Dzidra LiepinaUnited visa application centre in Kaliningrad (Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Malta, Norway, Spain, Sweden )VFS Global Visa Application Centre87-91, Leninsky Pr., KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 31 10 18Department of the Embassy of theRepublic of Belarus in RussiaD. Donskogo St., 35 , KaliningradTelephone .............................. 8 (4012) 21 44 12;Fax ............................................ 8 (4012) 21 27 00Website: www.embassybel.ruE-mail: russia.kaliningrad@mfa.gov.byCounselor Mr. Evgeny Evgenyevich TimokhinHonorary Consul of the Republic ofGreece33, Ogareva St., KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 91 60 27Mr. Vladimir Ivanovich ScherbakovHonorary Consul of the Republic ofCroatia244A, Dzerzhinskogo St., KaliningradTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 60 05 55Mr. Stefano Vlahovic

POST OFFICES, DELIVERY SERVICESEMS Postal service of RussiaTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 32 37 00TNT Express International Express Delivery ServiceTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 95 73 88Dimex Telephone ............................... 8 (4012) 77 79 50Europost Telephone ............................... 8 (4012) 91 11 11Pochtek Telephone ............................... 8 (4012) 68 69 31SPSR-Express Telephone ............... 8 (4012) 98 53 36, 75 31 86Federal Post Service Department in the Kaliningrad region Monitoring and Inquiry Service Hotline ..................................... 8 (4012) 64 82 76Quality of Service MonitoringTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 64 69 41

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LAW-ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES,RESCUE SERVICES, SECURITYMain Directorate of the Russian Ministry for Emergency Situations in the Kaliningrad RegionDuty officer ............................. 8 (4012) 52 91 00Kaliningrad Regional customsHelpline .................................... 8 (4012) 60 93 55Search and Rescue Unit of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Fedration in the Kaliningrad regionDuty officer ............................. 8 (4012) 58 44 14Internal Affairs Directorate of the Kaliningrad regionHelpline .................................... 8 (4012) 30 10 66State Inspectorate for Road Traffic SafetyHelpline .................................... 8 (4012) 30 28 80

State Board of Civil Defense and Emergency SituationsDuty officer ............................. 8 (4012) 93 45 66Directorate for Combating Organized CrimeDuty officer ............................. 8 (4012) 46 79 63Federal agency of the Russian Federation for Control Over Trafficin Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Department in the Kaliningrad regionHelpline .................................... 8 (4012) 57 07 07Federal Antimonopoly ServiceDirectorate in the Kaliningrad regionTelephone ............................... 8 (4012) 53 72 01Federal Security ServiceDuty officer ............................. 8 (4012) 21 48 85Civil Defense HeadquarterDuty officer ............................. 8 (4012) 27 25 66

TRANSPORT, REFERRAL SERVICESBus stationReferral service ....................... 8 (4012) 64 36 35AirportReferral service ....................... 8 (4012) 61 04 15North Railway stationReferral service ....................... 8 (4012) 60 18 38South Railway stationReferral service ....................... 8 (4012) 60 08 88United information and service centre of Russian Railways ....... 8 800 775 00 00Kaliningrad International Bus StationPay desk 1 .......................... 8 (4012) 99 91 99Pay desk 2 .......................... 8 (4012) 64 62 61Ferry Line Ust-Luga Baltiysk ... 8 (4012) 50 81 01Tram and trolleybus enterpriseDispatching office .................. 8 (4012) 64 68 44

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HistoryThe life of human society in the territory of the modern Kaliningrad

region started about ten thousand years ago. Monuments of culture

that belong to different historical periods still remain in the territory of the Kaliningrad region. The upbuilding of Prussian society took place in the 4th 8th centuries as a result of migration processes which are called The Great Migration of People.

September 1st, 1225, is considered to be the day when Koenigsberg was founded. Its the day when on the north bank of the Pregel river, in the former territory of a Prussian town Twangsten, the fortress of Koenigsberg, which means Kings Mountain, was founded by the Teutonic knights. The Orders knights estimated the fortresss advantageous location at its true worth and started

the construction of a medieval castle of Koenigsberg.

Next to the castle a settlement of the same name had appeared, which later was granted city status, but this city didnt bear the name of Koenigsberg for a long time. Soon a little way away, next to a big road, a new town of Loebenicht appeared (in 1300), and Koenigsberg, correspondingly, became the old town, or Altstadt (in 1270). The towns convenient location attracted more and more new settlers, and the third settlement of Kneiphof (in 1327) appeared on the island which was formed by two arms of the Pregel. For a long time these three towns expanded independently from one another. Altstadt was the largest town, it was considered to be aristocratic since it was inhabited mostly by noblemen. Loebenicht dwellers were mostly craftsmen, brewers, and farmers. Kneiphof was the town of merchants. Soon the construction of a Cathedral started on the island. Johannes Clare was its founder, the offi cial foundation date is considered to be September 13th, 1333.

The creation of University is a special page in the history of Koenigsberg. In 1542, the foundation stone of the future Albertine, named after Duke Albrecht, was laid, and in 1544, the grand opening of the Koenigsberg University took place.

On July 13th, 1724, Altstadt, Loebenicht and Kneiphof melted into one town Koenigsberg. Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm I was the one to unite these towns. From that moment, the history of Koenigsbergs life and progress started. Its also the year when the great philosopher Immanuel Kant, an honour to all the Germans and Koenigsberg, was born.

In 1914, due to mutual claims of European countries, World War I started. On August 1st, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia, in the course of which Germany and its allies were defeated.

On the whole, East Prussia lost about 315000 hectares of its territory. The province ended up being isolated from the rest of Germany. Nevertheless, during this period Prussias economy started its slow rise from ruins. To a great extent, it was promoted by the recovery of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Germany.

In 1939, Germany had unleashed World War II, and lost it. After the War was over in 1945, a third of East Prussia with Koenigsberg as its capital became a part of the Soviet

Union, and the Koenigsberg region was established in its territory. On July 4th, 1946, the region was renamed Kaliningrad, after Michael Ivanovich Kalinin, and since the end of August, 1946, the fi rst trains with migrants had been arriving here. Mass populating of the Kaliningrad region was launched.

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Historical heritage

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In the 13th century the Teutonic Order began to conquer the lands of pagan Prussians and build castles and fortresses on the conquered territory. Local pagan population ruined and burned the castles during wars and rebellions, then the castles were restored and improved from wood to stone. In nearly 150 years around 50 castles were built on the territory that is today the Kaliningrad region.

Today most of them are just piles of boulders or unnoticeable ruins. Nevertheless, about ten castles are in relatively acceptable conditions.

Balga (Veseloye village)Prussian fortress Honeda was the fi rst to be attacked by the

Teutonic Order. In 1239 the siege was followed by surrender and retreat of Prussians. Later they tried to reconquer Honeda but failed. The fortress was rebuilt and strengthened. It became the starting point for the Teutonic Order in their conquer of Prussia. By the 16th century it became a strong fortress surrounded by moat and bay but it was brought to ruins due to its unfortunate location. A number of strong storms washed out the coast. Part of the castle wall crashed and cracks spread across the foundation. From 1674 the fortress was continually taken to pieces for use as construction material for the fortress of Pillau (now Baltiysk). The remaining parts of the castle were severely damaged in World War II. Today the ruins of the big tower and forburg and ruins of the castle church are what is left of Balga fortress.

Brandenburg (Ushakovo village)The castle is fi rst mentioned in 1266. It was founded by Otto III

Branderburg who named it in honour of his homeland. First it was built from wood. The wooden castle was burned by Prussians straight after its foundation, but in 1267 the castle was rebuilt in stone. From 1525 to 1752 the castle housed local authority. In 1776 the worn out building of convent was knocked down and in 1800-1820 the castle was used as a stone quarry for the reconstruction of Marienburg castle (now Malbork, Poland). After the war south wing of the castle was used as a dwelling, thus, helping it to survive, but in the middle of the 1990s the last inhabitants left the castle and local population quickly started taking bricks out of this medieval heritage building.

Waldau (Nizovye village)The castle territory passed to the Teutonic Order in 1255. In 1264

fi rst fortifi cations were built and in 1457 the fortress was rebuilt into a castle. In 1860 it was rebuilt once again and from 1870 was used

for holding teachers seminars. In 1697 the Great Embassy of Russian tsar Peter I stayed here. From 1945 the building was used as an agricultural college. Left wing was used as a college dormitory from 1947, but from 2007 and to the present time it has been closed as the roof crashed and it is now in emergency condition. This building was passed over to Russian Orthodox church but as of 2012 the ownership transfer has not been settled yet, thus halting restoration and repair. The plan for the building is to house the museum of Waldau castle history which is now located at the local school.

Georgenburg (Mayovka village)The castle was founded by the Grand Master of the Order

Winrich von Kniprode in 1350. In 1354 the castle was given to the bishop of Samland and became his Eastern residence. In 1525 the castle became the state property of the fi rst duke of Prussia Albrech Hohenzollern who often visited the place. In 1626-1629 the castle was the headquarters of general Horn, the supporter of Swedish king Gustav Adolf. In 1739 king Friedrich Wilhelm I visited the castle on his way to Riga. In 1757 the castle was the temporary headquarters of S.F. Apraksin who commanded Russian army in the battle of Gross Jegersdorf. In 1812 the 1st army corps with French marshal Davout were housed in Georgenburg.

In 1830-1899 the castle was owned by the Simpsons family. They started breeding horses in Georgenburg. As a result of cross breeding of Prussian undersized breed named Schwaikenpferd with the English breed, the famous Trakehnen breed appeared with horses of medium weight.

Georgenburg castle is one of the most well-preserved and beautiful Orders castles in the Kaliningrad region.

Insterburg (now Chernyakhovsk)The castle was built in 1336 by the Master of the Teutonic Order

Dietrich von Altenburg. It appeared on the territory of Unsetrapis settlement ruined in 1256 during the Orders war campaign in Nadrauen. The castle consisted of citadel (convent house) and forburg. The castle served as an outpost of the Teutonic Order in its fi ghts with Lithuania. After 1525 it was turned into the residence of Chief Administration of Insterburg district. It was often visited by noble people. From 1642 Swedish queen Maria Eleonora lived in the castle for a long time, thus, contributing to the improvement of Insterburg.

After World War I the citadel of the castle housed a local history museum founded by the Antiquities Society of Insterburg.

Today we can only see the ruins of the castle. The citadel caught fi re and partly crashed, most of the castle buildings were taken to pieces. Only the south household buildings of forburg and part of the protective wall survived in their original form.

Insterburg castle is a federal historical monument.

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EThe Royal PalaceThe castle was founded in 1255 by Czech king Ottokar II Przemysl

who led the crusaders to Prussian land. The castle received the name Koenigsberg (the Kings Mountain) in his honour.

For centuries the castle was not only the main symbol of the city but also the heart of the city. It was famous for its rich collections of paintings by famous European masters, collections of silver and porcelain, vast archaeological collections. The last public exhibition of famous Amber Room took place here and its mysterious disappearance still sparks a great deal of interest in treasure-hunters.

For centuries the restaurant in the cellars of the castle named Blutgericht or The Bloody Trial had been the favourite place for merry gatherings, as well as for students and travellers .

The castle was severely damaged in bombings during World War II and in 1968-1969 its ruins were blown up and taken to pieces.

Labiau (Polessk)First mention of Labiau can be found in the letter of Landmaster

Gerhard von Hirzberg from 1258 as a fortress Labegowe on the Laba river (now Deima). Around 1274 the Teutonic Order built a rampart to protect the estuary of Laba . The fortress was mentioned again as a residence of Komtur in 1288. Construction of stone castle began in 1360. On the 20th of November 1656 the Great Kurfuerst signed a treaty with Swedes giving sovereignty to Prussia in the castle of Labiau. The chronicles of 1710 contain interesting facts, such as, that soldiers refused to stand night guard because of numerous ghosts. By 1818 Labiau became a local town and the castle was rebuilt more than once. The castle was house to local administration, court and jail. From 1945 and onwards it housed a jail, too. Since 2000 there is a local history museum.

Neuhausen (Guryevsk)First reliable facts about Neuhausen date back to 1292 when

Christian von Muhlhausen, the bishop of Samland , ordered to build a castle there. The boundary of the churchs land lay to the south along the brook. The Landmaster made a pond in order to protect the territory from any disputes. The resulted stream made the mill work and fi lled the castle moats.

After the church reform in 1525 the castle became the property of duke Albrecht Brandenburg-Ansbach. The duke thoroughly rebuilt it and turned it into his country residence for hunting and pleasure. When he decided to get married in 1550 he gave it as a gift to his fi ancee Anna Maria Braunschweig. In 1814 the king Friedrich Wilhelm III gave it as a gift to duke Friedrich Wilhelm von Bulow. After his death the castle was owned by count Lukner and then by general Bon.

Now it houses a motorcade garage and workshop.

Preussisch-Eylau (Bagrationovsk)

Preussich-Eylau was built by the Teutonic Order to the north from Frisch-Haff bay. German historians consider that the castle appeared on the territory of Prussian settlement named Soutvirt.

In the course of time the castle merged with the village not far from it and became a town. A great battle between Russian army and Napoleon took place near Preussich-Eylau in 1807. It started with an accidental fi ght between Russian head detachment and French soldiers but turned into a fi erce battle with the cost of Russian victory over 18000 lives. Today you can only fi nd the castle ruins and the survived forburg.

Ragnit (Neman)The Teutonic Order burned Prussian wooden fortress in 1277 and then

Landmaster Meinhard von Querfurt arrived in 1289 and founded a fortress

named Landeshut. It was renamed into Ragnit in 1326. The fortress was rebuilt in 1356 and a moat was dug around it, but it didnt stop Lithuanians from burning the castle in 1365. Konrad Zollner von Rottenstein took over and rebuilt the fortress in his way moving it to the present location.

In 1397 construction of stone castle began. It was completed in 1409. The castle had beautiful openwork gates, windows, doorways and wings. During the centuries the rooms above and under the ground had been changed and rebuilt. There were secret underground tunnels and 25-metre-high guard tower.

The Eastern-Prussian jail occupied the castle from 1825 to 1945. In 1829 there was a fi re and the fortress was severely damaged. It was fully restored only by 1840. It housed town court and district court in 1839. From 1849 there was military court, but in 1879 civil court returned to the fortress. After World War II the fortress housed different administrative and business premises and town market.

For centuries the unique castle had survived numerous wars and natural disasters, but it was turned into ruins by Lenfi lm crew (a Soviet motion picture studio) when a motion picture named 20 Days Without War was shoot in 1979. The next year another motion picture named Soldier and Elephant was fi lmed in Neman already on the ruins of the castle.

Now the roof and fl oors are totally destroyed. Nevertheless, if you are just standing by the ruins, you can feel its former splendour.

Tapiau (Gvardeisk)The castle was built on the right bank of the river Pregel in 1265 and

served for protection of the borders and defence of approaches to Koenigsberg. In 1280 the castle was strategically moved to a peninsula on the right bank, surrounded by swamp from all three sides. From 1280 to 1301 the castle was the centre of Tapiom Commandry.

In 1347-1359 the old fortress was replaced by new stone castle with four wings. The walls were over three metres thick. The name Tapiom was changed to Tapiau.

After the secularization of the Teutonic Order the castle became a temporary residence of the last Master of the Order duke Albrecht Hohenzollern and was signifi cantly reconstructed. During the reign of Friedrich Wilhelm III in 1786-1797 the castle was used as a shelter for the poor. Later the decision was made to reconstruct it as a jail.

The jail was not damaged in World War II and in April 1945 it was already used as a detention facility for military criminals. The castle is still used as a jail today.

Shaaken (Nekrasovo village)The Shaaken area is fi rst mentioned in the chronicles of the Teutonic

Order in 1258. In order to built it the river Shaaken (now Bolshaya Moryana) was dammed and a rampart was built on the swampy ground.

Several buildings joined the defensive walls of the castle later. In 1697 the Great Embassy of Russian tsar Peter I visited the nearby harbour on their way to the Western Europe. Tsar Peter I stopped over in Shaaken in 1711, 1712 and 1717.

Shaaken nearly was not damaged in World War II. From the end of 1945 to 1947 it housed a shelter for German orphans. After the war and until the beginning of the 1960s the territory of the castle was used as a communal horse stable. The castle itself then served as accommodation and the rest were utilities area.

Lack of timely repairs lead to the destruction of the castle building. The rest of the buildings turned into ruins.

The castle was later leased to private parties, who started restoration works. Part of the castle wall was rebuilt. Tours of the castle were held for tourists. A small exhibition included medieval instruments of torture. There was also a small stable.

In March 2012 the castle caught fi re. The whole fi replace hall almost burned down and the roof crashed.

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Myths and legends

A few words about amber...The most ancient legends about this land involve the origin of

amber. There is a well-known ancient Greek myth about Phaeton, the son of Helios, God of Sun, and the nymph named Clymene. Once Phaeton had got his fathers consent just for one day to drive his chariot of fi re with four horses. Fathers horses didnt obey Phaeton and the chariot ran out of control. Zeus, seeing that Phaeton would burn the earth with terrible fi re, struck him with lightning and stopped the fl aming chariot. His sisters Heliades found the place where their brothers burnt body fell and mourned his painful death. They were crying for so long and so disconsolately, that turned into poplars and their tears hardened and turned into amber.

Another legend is from Lithuania. Urata, daughter of sea king, fell in love with fi sherman Kastytis. Kastytis was enchanted by love, too, and Urata managed to draw him into her amber palace . The love of goddess to mortal man became known to Perkunas, the god of thunder. In his anger he directed his thunderbolts onto the amber palace and destroyed it. Kastytis was killed and Urata was chained to the ruins of the palace. According to the legend, big pieces of amber are fragments of the palace and small ones hardened tears of heart-broken girl.

Stone of LieAncient Prussians had their legends, too. One of them is about a

stone near a river in a park not far from Neukuhren (Pionerskiy). The stone looks broken into halves. As the story has it, a liar cannot pass between these halves, they will lock together.

Once upon a time there lived a young fi sherman and a girl who were in love with each other. When the young man was leaving for the sea he vowed to be faithful to her and she replied to him the

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same. She said: Ill never betray our love as these stone halves will never lock together. The man was away for a long time but came back with great catch. Preparations for the wedding started straight away. But the young man decided to go to the stone. He easily passed between the halves but when his girl followed him a lightning stroke and the halves locked together flattening the unfaithful.

They say, since that time almost every man took his fiance through the stone but a rare man dared to go between the stone halves himself.

Hans von SaganA lot of legends and tales lived in Koenigsberg. Among them

were those based on real events. So there is a tale about Hans von Sagan, a shoemakers apprentice who stood out in the battle by Rudau (now Melnikovo, a village near Zelenogradsk). It was Hans von Sagan who picked up the fallen flag of the Teutonic Order and lead the assault. The Order lost a lot of good knights in the battle but Lithuanians were defeated. The Grand Master offered Hans anything that he could imagine. Hans thought a lot about it but could not come up with anything better than drinking as much beer as it would be enough for him and his friends. The Grand Master noticed his modesty and granted him a noble title. Besides, he issued a decree that once a year, particularly on the Ascension Day, the novice nobleman had the right to have a feast in the main hall of the castle, inviting everyone he liked and having the best beer without any limits.

Anselm von LosenbergWhen the Teutonic Order conquered these lands they

monopolised amber gathering and trade. The governor Anselm von Losenberg prohibited gathering of amber without permission. Local people disapproved of this order. Then Anselm von Losenberg ordered to hang on the nearest tree everyone who gathered amber without permission. A vast number of people were hanged. People werent able to forget the cruelty. As the legend has it, God has not forgiven bloodthirsty governor and as a punishment his ghost wanders along the coast in bad weather and cries something. There is no unanimous opinion what he wants to say. Some hear him crying In the name of God amber is free. To others, he cries Amber is not allowed to be gathered for free!.

Dancing pine-trees on the Curonian SpitThe Dancing Forest on the Curonian Spit is nearly the only place

where you can not only observe or feel the mystery but touch it with your hands without fear that the illusion disappears. There are numerous explanations to this extraordinary natural phenomenon and the most romantic one is about Prussian Christian girl.

Once Bartiy, a pagan prince, went hunting. Out of a sudden, he heard beautiful music. He rushed to the sound and stopped in astonishment. Amidst the trees there was the sweetest girl he had ever seen, plucking the strings of her harp. Without a moments hesitation Bartiy asked her to be his wife. The girl replied that she would marry only a Christian. Bartiy cried: I cant accept your faith!.. Unless you prove to everyone that your invisible God is stronger than all of these strong trees! When the girl touched the strings, all other sounds died away, even the birds became silent. When the melody spread over the forest the trees suddenly started to dance! They leaned towards the girl obeying her music. When she stopped the trees froze in a whirl of the dance.

Up to the present time there is a belief that if you climb through the circle formed by trees curves you can add one more year to your life.

Underground KoenigsbergIt is known, that if there are any underground constructions,

rumours will exaggerate it. A great number of bunkers and bomb-shelters in the city lead to the appearance of legends about underground Koenigsberg. Presumably these legends got about

through Soviet settlers right after the war. A lot of settlers came from rural areas and were unaware of underground communications in cities. Ordinary sewage system seemed complex and mysterious to them. The legend already existed in the 1950s. Its popularity grew due to numerous novels such as Villa Edith, Mystery of Amber Room, Amber Room: Myths and Reality, Secret channel and others.

The main idea of the legend is that there are a lot of constructions underneath the city, such as bunkers, different storage rooms, tunnels, military factories and even airfields, and they form a network. When Soviet forces stormed the city, the Germans blocked entrances to the underground city and partly flooded it. According to the legend, a lot of valuables were hidden in there, including the Amber Room.

Amber RoomThe well-known 18th century masterpiece disappeared during

World War II without leaving a trace. It has not been found yet.This creation of German and Danish masters was made for

Prussian king Friedrich I who gave it to Russian tsar Peter I. Later it was improved by Francesco Rastrelli.

It was considered to be the heart of Royal summer residence in Tsarskoye Selo. Mostly made of amber, the masterpiece consisted of amber boards and ornaments.

A lot of legends surround the disappearance of the Amber Room.According to one of them, right after signing a Non-aggression

Pact in 1939 an idea to give the Amber Room as a gift to the Germans was proposed to Stalin in order to strengthen the forthcoming friendship between Russia and Germany. The reason for such kindness was bad condition of the Room. But Stalin refused that idea. Instead, a prominent restorer and engraver was asked to create a copy of the Room. At one and the same time two amber rooms were created a copy by the master and a full-size mock-up by his apprentices. In 20 days before the beginning of the World War II the original Amber Room was dismantled and the copy was put in its place. It was photographed, dismantled, put into boxes and hidden in the cellars of the Catherine Palace. The mock-up was installed in the hall where the Amber Room stayed for two centuries. All in all, there were three amber rooms in the palace. It is still unknown what has happened to all of them later on.

Another story is as follows. In the beginning of World War II the art treasures from the Catherine Palace were moved to Novosibirsk, but the Amber Room stayed in the palace because it was fragile. The Room was hidden under layers of paper, gauze and wadding. It was the fatal decision leading to the dramatic fate of the masterpiece, as it was stolen by the Germans in their assault on the Palace.

From 1942 until spring 1944 it was exhibited in the Royal Palace in Koenigsberg. The palace burned in August 1944 during bombing attack of British air forces, but it is considered, that the Room was not damaged it was packed and hidden in the vaults under the Palace.The boxes with the boards were kept there until the Soviet Army assault on Koenigsberg in April 1945.

After the assault the Room disappeared completely. Its whereabouts is still a mystery.

The search for the Room started straight after World War II but it was in vain. First it was considered that the Room burned in the ruined Palace. But from 1946 onwards a widely expressed opinion was that the Room survived the fire. There are a lot of hypotheses where it might be from Koenigsberg to Coburg, from salt mines of the Eastern Prussia to secret warehouses and American bank deposit boxes. Some even believed that the Room was on the ship Wilhelm Gustlof, sent to the bottom by Soviet captain Marinesco, or on the ship Prince Eugen, given to the USA as a reparation.

In 1981 the works to reconstruct the Room began. A special Amber crafts room was created at Tsarskoye Selo. Fine art experts, chemists, criminalists, historians and restorers worked together to reconstruct the masterpiece of stone-cutting. Several years were gone in developing the project and scientific concept, recreating formulas and technologies of amber handling, training the workers. In 1990s the works were halted due to lack of finance and problems with amber supply.

In 2003 the Room was fully restored with amber from Kaliningrad for the 300th anniversary of Saint-Petersburg. It is now available for a visit at the Catherine Palace.

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HotelKaliningrad is one of the largest business centres in Russia. Every day Kaliningrad meets and

accompanies a large number of guests, including tourists wishing to explore the city and its attractions, and business people the purpose of stay for whom are issues related to their professional activities. Regardless of the purpose of their visit, whether it be tourism or a business trip to Kaliningrad, a city always welcomes its guests and offers the best hotels, motels and guest houses. Most hotels provide visitors with not only the accommodation and meal services, but also offer wide range of options such as transport, communications, entertainment, excursions, beauty treatments and much more. Along with modern hotels there are small, cozy guest houses with many advantages.

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Beauty and healthIn our city there are state hospitals, but also medical services of the highest quality are offered by

private clinics. The European level of stomatological services is ought to be remarked. The Kaliningrad region is known for its high level of health tourism infrastructure development. The best Russias health resorts at the Baltic Sea coast are situated in Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk. A large number of resorts are oriented not only to the treatment of adults, but to the treatment of families with children.

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TransportIn the Kaliningrad region there is a well-developed

infrastructure of local and international transport communication, which allows tourists to choose the necessary and accessible kind of transport for their journeys. Khrabrovo Airport, which in March, 1989 received international status, has been functioning since March, 1962. The main railway station of Kaliningrad is Kaliningrad-Passazhirskiy (South railway station), which was opened on September, 19, 1929. These are Kaliningrads symbolic gates, through which Russian and foreign guests by train arrive to the Amber Region of Russia. The bus station is situated not far from the South railway station and renders the service of international and local routes. Besides, there is an international bus station in Kaliningrad, which is located at the citys outskirts. Public transport is represented by trams, trolleybuses, buses and numerous jitneys. Specialized car rent companies offer the citys guests to rent a car. All youll need is your Passport, driving license and the desire to explore the regions expanses on your own! Sea ports underlie the regions transport management infrastructure. Sea transport is represented by trading and fi shing ports, East River Steam Navigation. Ferry service is represented by routes Ust-Luga Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Saint-Petersburg.

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bridges as means of connection between urban settlements of the city of Konigsberg dates back to the 14th century, and by the beginning of the 18th century there had been seven of them. Due to constant military threat from neighboring Poland and Lithuania, as well as Konigsberg towns civil discords, in the Middle Ages the bridges of Konigsberg possessed certain defense qualities, but also were places for parades, religious and celebratory processions. All seven bridges were drawbridges,but as a result of Pregol shipping decay the three bridges which are preserved nowadays can no longer be raised.

The problem of seven bridges. Among Konigsberg residents a riddle was popular from long ago: Is there a route when one could cross all the bridges, but only one time each?.

In 1736 Leonhard Euler an outstanding mathematician, a member of Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences managed to fi nd a rule (graph theory), using which its easy to defi ne whether its possible to cross all the bridges without crossing any of them twice in the case of Konigsbergs seven bridges its impossible.

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LEISURE A

ND

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Night LifeNight life in Kaliningrad does not stand still. Every evening the best

clubs open the doors to people in great mood, who look forward to have a great time and get new acquaintances and impressions. Respectability of a night club depends not only on its exterior and interior, but on prices and visitors as well.

- , . , . - -, . , . , , , , . - .

52

, , - . . -

, , , , , , , - . - ( , ). , . - - , - .

ACTIVE PASTIMEWhen choosing between different kinds of rest, more and more

people prefer active pastime. Kaliningrad summer offers a whole

range of opportunities for such people. First of all, there are various kinds of water sports, yachting, wave runners, kayaks, canoes or small powerboats, as well as fi shing, hunting, gathering berries and mushrooms, horse and bike riding.

Horseback rides and riding lessons are among the regions most popular services you may choose any route in Petrovo village, Chernyakhovsk and the suburbs of Svetlogorsk yourself. Thanks to

its road network, which is well-developed even in the countryside, the Kaliningrad region offers those who prefer active rest tens of most interesting cycle routes (in Chernyakhovsk, Ozyorsk and Slavsk districts). Bike ride along the Curonian Spit, one of the most beautiful places in the region, is among the most exciting of them. These areas attract tourists not only with their historical monuments and original farmsteads, but also with incomparable natural landscapes.

-

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55

TOURISM

TourismTourism is one of the most promising and rapidly growing

business in the region. The Kaliningrad Regions nature is unique and diverse for Russia and for many European countries as well. The sea, two freshwater lagoons, rivers, lakes, sand dunes, diversity of fl ora and fauna and beauty of landscapes attract tourists all year round.

The Baltic sea coast possesses a number of favourable conditions, such as marine climate, salubrious mineral water, peat therapeutic muds, sand beaches, thus preventing and treating different diseases and providing grounds for active holidays and entertainment.

Various types of accommodation for tourists, such as modern hotels, sanatoriums, health resorts, houses and camps, rural

. , - . , , , , , , . - ( , , - , ) , .

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mansions and guest houses, summer camps for children, guarantee unforgettable high quality holiday.

Not a single tourist will miss a chance to visit The Curonian Spit National Park.

The Curonian Spit, created by sea and wind, is a narrow strip of sand where the salty sea borders upon the freshwater lagoon. There are several natural and landscape zones from Southern taiga to thicket of mountain taiga, from damp alder forest to small sand desert.

There are various kinds of activities on the Kaliningrad seaside to suit everyone - recreational, rural, cultural, environmental and others. Even business meetings can be combined with visiting the unique natural attractions.

56

T

OUR

ISM

,

, . , . , , . , , , .

Aquatic tourismDue to geographical peculiarities of the region it is possible to

cover tens or even hundreds of kilometres of rivers and canals and never set a foot on land. Kayak, canoe or a small motor boat will help you experience the pristine beauty and diversity of the aquatic landscape in all its glory. The most picturesque rivers are Lava, Angrapa, Scheschuppe and Krasnaya (the Red river). The magnifi cent beaches of the Baltic Sea, the majestic centuries old canals - all the water routes of the region will show the travellers a new fascinating world.

. , . , , .

International tourismThe Kaliningrad region is a place for international cooperation.

Tourist visitors to the region can travel to the nearby countries of Poland and Lithuania. To the present day we are united by the history of our land, similar recreational activities, common historic and environmental routes.

, . , , , . - -, - . , , , .

Conference tourismIn recent years due to its unique location and developed

infrastructure of European quality, the region became an original meeting point for Russian and European companies. Participation in seminars, conferences, exhibitions and workshops have become an integral part of modern business today. Comfortable conference halls and exhibition centres provide for rapid growth of business tourism in the Kaliningrad region. Business trips to our region are popular and effi cient, allowing to combine work, motivation and entertainment.

, -

-, . , , .

57

. , - .

, , , , , .

. , , , , - .

Childrens tourismFor the youngest travellers to the region, holiday here is quite

interesting and diverse. Cognitive tours, trips, hikes with ascents and unique natural spots will not leave your child unmoved. One of the most popular kinds of recreation for children is summer health camping. Here a child will enjoy the time and benefi t from it as well as undergo medical and recreational treatments.

For those who came on holiday with children it will be interesting to visit the Museum of Amber, the World Ocean Museum, the Kaliningrad Zoo and the Botanical Gardens. The building of former Church of Luisa houses a puppet theatre. Visiting circus, horse racetrack, carting, ice-skating rink, water park or bowling club will not leave anyone behind and will be a long-lasting impression for your child.

, , . ........................................................................... 8 (40150) 45246, , . ........................................................................... 8 (40152) 47143 . , . ........................................................................... 8 (40153) 21417 . . , . ........................................................................... 8 (40150) 31557 . , . ........................................................................... 8 (4012) 962441 . . , ., 5 ..........................................................