Ὁ δ' ἀνεξέταστος

βίος οὐ βιωτὸς

ἀνθρώπῳ

The unexamined life

is not worth living.

1. How much there is in the world I do not want.

2. It is not living that matters, but living rightly.

3. I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.

4. The end of life is to be like God, and the soul following God will be like Him.

5. Be as you wish to seem. 

6. Beware the barrenness of a busy life. 

7. False words are not only evil in themselves, but they infect the soul with evil. 

8. He is richest who is content with the least, for content is the wealth of nature.

9. Worthless people live only to eat and drink; people of worth eat and drink only to live.  

10.Wisdom begins in wonder. 

11.True wisdom comes to each of us when we realize how little we understand about life, ourselves, and the world around us. 

12.Death may be the greatest of all human blessings.

13.Do not do to others what angers you if done to you by others.

Philosophy

Filia sopia

Love Wisdom

Wisdom

A type of knowledge that allows a person to judge all things in terms

of their causes.

The Four Causes of Aristotle

• Material Cause

• Formal Cause

• Efficient Cause

• Final Cause

The Four Causes of Aristotle

Material Cause – That of which something is.

The Four Causes of Aristotle

Formal Cause – That shape (form) in which something is.

The Four Causes of Aristotle

Efficient Cause – That act by which something is.

The Four Causes of Aristotle

Final Cause – That by which something is intended.

Wisdom

A type of knowledge that allows a person to judge all things in terms

of their causes.

Philosophy (Love of Wisdom) –

Explaining in a meaningful way the sum of our experiences in a process beginning with the

common experience (most certain) and moving to extraordinary

experience (less certain),

Philosophy (Love of Wisdom) –

Explaining in a meaningful way the sum of our experiences in a process beginning with the

common experience (most certain) and moving to extraordinary

experience (less certain).

Logic

A branch of philosophy that analyzes proper systems of reasoning and

judgment.

Classic Logic Test1.3 people stand in line facing

the same direction only seeing in front of them.

2.There are 5 hats. 2 green. 3 red.

3.Each person is blindfolded, hatted, then the blindfold is removed.

4.When asked in sequence, the last and middle person do not know their hat. The first does. HOW?

Logic:

1.Front: green, Middle: green.

2.Front: green, middle: red.

3.Front: red, Middle: green.

4.Front: red, Middle: red.

•When Where: Western Philosophy began with the ancient Greeks in the 7th Century BC.

•Discovery: We can use what we know to figure out what we don’t know.

•Point:

•Paideia, the process of educating a person into his true, real, and genuine human nature so that the person would be in balance and harmony with the cosmos.

•Aret, the ability to stay the course, live properly, no matter the challenge.

Art vs. Science

Art – an application of truths in

order to obtain a desired outcome.

Science – a systematic set of integrated truths.

Speculative Knowledge(KNOWELDGE FOR ITS OWN SAKE)

Natural Philosophy – Study of the qualities of a being, immediate and concrete.

Mathematics – Quantification of being, intermediate and abstract.

Metaphysics – Study of being, most abstract.

+ =

Practical Knowledge(KNOWELDGE FOR THE SAKE OF AN OPERATION)

•Arts – the operation that explains

how to make something.

•Ethics – the operations that explain

how to do something.

•Politics – are the arts that explain

how to govern or manage.

Key Early Greek Philosophical Values

Cosmological Values

Time is linear • Understanding of nature helps us make it work better • Material reality is good

Human Values

We are distinct and our individualism is important • One chance at life • Possibility of an

afterlife • We can find happiness

Pre – Socratic Philosophers

c. 625 – 475 BC

The Pre-Socratic Philosophers tried to understand reality in terms of reason without an

appeal to the divine.

ThalesThought that WATER was the basic element and cause of all

things. He taught that all reality could be understood in terms of paired opposites and we can use what we know to deduce what we don’t know. He is considered the Founder

of Western Philosophy.

AnaximanderHeld that the basic element and cause of reality is “The

Boundless.” He brought a new level of abstraction to

philosophy. The Boundless is a limitless, original principle. All things arise from it and all things return to it. It is infinite

and eternal.

AnaximenesHeld that air was the basic

element. As solids or liquids are heated, they rarefy into air;

as they cool, they condense into liquid and solid.

HeraclitusTaught that all things come

into being through opposition and all are in flux. E.G, the

river maintains its identity even though the water is always

changing.

XenophanesTaught that there is only one god who is perfection beyond our understanding. The gods of the myths are made in our

image and so unworthy of worship. Gods were invented to explain natural phenomenon that should rather be explained

by reason.

DemocritusTaught that reality is the

product of small indivisible particles called atoms.

ProtagorasThe first “Sophist”. He taught that man is the measure of all

things. He promoted relativism claiming that the truth is what

people believe.