© 2015 P. Christopher Zegras ICTs and LOW-CARBON CITIZENSweb.mit.edu/czegras/www/Energy and the...

© 2015 P. Christopher Zegras

ICTs and LOW-CARBON CITIZENS

Photo: Darren Soh

P. CHRISTOPHER ZEGRASASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPT. OF URBAN STUDIES AND PLANNING, MITPRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORSINGAPORE-MIT ALLIANCE FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (SMART)


ICTs and LOW-CARBON CITIZENS

› Human behavior and lifestyles: key component of urban energy use› Information and communication technologies (ICTs): emerging

tools for understanding and modifying behavior

› Energy Proforma: neighborhood energy assessment tool› Future Mobility Sensing (FMS): energy assessment and behavioral

feedback tool

› Moving forward


CARBON-INTENSIVE CITIES…OR LIFESTYLES?Per capita emissions of cities vs. nations

Data sources: Dodman (2009), Sovacool and Brown (2010)


HIGH-CARBON CITIES…OR LIFESTYLES?Example: Daily emissions of one person vary from 6 – 8 kgCO2


DIVERSITY OF LIFESTYLE CARBON-INTENSITIES

Car commutersLow-energy travel+ High-energy

evening activities

Home + 1 activity

Rail transit (MRT) + few

out-of-home

CoordinatedBus/taxi

riders

HOME

WORK

MORNING

EVENING

kgsC

O2


UNDERSTANDING LIFESTYLE

Demand

Behavior

Attitudes, Perceptions, Preferences

Values


UNDERSTANDING LIFESTYLE CHANGE

Demand

Behavior


Values

Alternative (Lifestyle Options)

Experience

Behavior/Habits


Values

Experience Feedback

Value Formation

Peer Effects


UNDERSTANDING LIFESTYLE CHANGE & INFLUENCEMoser (2006)

Demand

Behavior


Values

Alternative (Lifestyle Options)

Experience

Behavior/Habits


Values

Experience Feedback

Value Formation

Peer Effects

Desired behavior change for mitigation

goals

Lower barriers & resistance to change

Elevate motivation to change

Effectivecommunication

of mitigation


All ICT use is not created equal…

Integrated in everyday life

Periodic events

Information provision

Broad social engagement

FEEDBACK & SOCIAL INFLUENCE

VIA MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES

“SMART INFRASTRUCTURE”ENERGY PROFORMA

PUBLIC CAMPAIGNS

INTERACTIVE CLIMATE COMMUNICATION

Necessary but insufficient for motivating lifestyle change

Target social influence & engagement potential of ICTs


ENERGY PROFORMA©

Neighborhood Energy & Emissions Footprint

› Empirically-based simulation of in-home and transportation energy use at neighborhood level

› Openly available, web-based tool

› Goal of engaging stakeholders: Planners, developers, policy makers


ENERGY PROFORMAINTEGRATED RESIDENTIAL AND TRANSPORT BEHAVIORAL MODEL


ENERGYPROFORMA.mit.eduONLINE RAPID ENERGY ASSESSMENT TOOL


FUTURE MOBILITY SENSING (FMS)


FUTURE MOBILITY SENSING (FMS)

ACTIVITY LOGGING >>> ACTIVITY VALIDATION

Next-generation activity-travel survey tool, using smartphone logging capabilities


FMS + ENERGY AND EMISSIONS ASSESSMENTCreating a high-resolution, bottom-up “activity-based carbon footprinting,” analysis, and feedback tool

ENERGY INTENSITY >>> ENERGY FEEDBACK


(HUMAN) ACTIVITY-BASED CARBON FOOTPRINT

SECTOR-BASED >>> CONSUMPTION-BASED >>> ACTIVITY + CONSUMPTION


FMS + ENERGY AND EMISSIONS ASSESSMENTUsers’ daily emissions across in-home, out-of-home, and transport

Global average ~3.6 kgCO2


LOW-CARBON ACTIVITY SPACE (ACCESSIBILITY)Assess relative access to low-carbon services and efficiency of users’ activity + paths, w.r.t. energy/emissions costs, temporal constraints, and financial costs


Context(Urban Form)

Experience

Behavior/Habits


Values

ICTs FOR UNDERSTANDING & MODIFYING HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Demand

Behavior


Values

Logging &EvaluatingLifestyles

Strategies ICT ToolsTargets

Energy ProformaNeighborhood Energy Assessment

Future Mobility SensingEnergy Assessment

Planning Regulations

Penalties (Carbon Tax)

Developer Incentives

Energy PerformanceBenchmarking

Information Provision

Social Influence

Gamification

Social Learning

Stakeholder Groups/Collaborative Initiatives


Thanks to:

J. Cressica Brazier, PhD Candidate MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning

Dennis Frenchman, ProfessorMIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning

(co-development of the Energy Proforma)

The SMART FM FMS Team, especially:Moshe Ben-Akiva (MIT), Francisco Pereira (MIT), Fang Zhao (SMART)

This research is supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation under the Future Urban Mobility Interdisciplinary Research Group of the Singapore-MIT Alliance for

Research and Technology, the MIT Portugal Program, and a grant from the MIT Energy Initiative Seed Fund Program.

© 2015 P. Christopher Zegras ICTs and LOW-CARBON CITIZENSweb.mit.edu/czegras/www/Energy and the...

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