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{ 14 Infamous pathogen factoids including the basics and life with the disease. Image Image Disease of the Day

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Basics o Caused by four species of protists o First infects the liver cells, then moves to the red blood cells, producing more parasites to infect other cells Infection Rates o From the WHO, 128 million cases in 2013 caused an estimated 584,000, deaths mostly among children (78% of deaths less than 5 years of age) WHO Transmission o Mosquito vector, from Anopheles mosquito bite In Six Words o Fever, anemia, respiratory distress, low BP Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Protist] "Plasmodium - File:5942 Lores.jpg." Encyclopedia of Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

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How did malaria influence the selection of sickle cell trait in humans? Why? Turn and talk to your neighbor. Knowledge Check Image

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Polleverywhere data on interested diseases; the larger the word indicates more responses in the data set.

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HIV [Virus] Basics o Human immunodeficiency virus attacks immune cells o Leads to AIDS Infection Rates o From the WHO, 2.1 million infections in 2013 WHO o CDC Est 1,201,100 aged 13 years+ with HIV in the US, including 14% who are unaware of their infection. CDC Transmission o Sexual Activity/IV Drug Use o Can be passed from mother to child en utero and via breast milk In Six Words o Meds, nerve damage, dementia, stigma, isolation Video 1 Video 2 Video 1 Video 2 Video 1 Video 2 Image

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Basics o 40+ Fungi species that cause skin, hair, and nail infections o Can be found on many parts of the body, including scalp, body, feet, etc. Prevention o Good hygiene o Avoid sharing hairbrushes, hats, clothing o Wash hands after petting pets Transmission o Fungal spores in the air and/or environments like day-cares and homes with pets In Six Words o Red ring, itching, scaling, cracking skin Video Video Trichophyton rubrum Ringworm [Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Fungi] Image

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Basics o Streptococcus bacterial infection of the throat and tonsils o 510% of all sore throats Prevention o Wash hands often o Cover your mouth while coughing or sneezing Transmission o Coughing and/or Sneezing o Close Contact In Six Words o Soreness, red tonsils with white patches o Video Video Streptococcus pyogenes Strep Throat [Domain: Bacteria; Kingdom: Bacteria] Image

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Ebola [Virus]

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From the WHO - Cumulative Ebola case information and cases for the past 21 days for the Situation Report, November 26, 2014.WHO

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Basics o European lab, workers exposed to the tissues from African green monkeys in 1967 o In Africa, infections related to the killing or butchering, and eating of primates Infection Rates o As of March, 2015, the recent outbreak figures estimate 24,701 infections and about 10,194 deaths. o As of March, 2015, the recent outbreak figures estimate 24,701 infections and about 10,194 deaths. o Fatality rate of close to 90% Transmission o Bodily fluids with an infected person In Six Words o Hemorrhagic fever, excessive bleeding, often death "Electron micrograph of an Ebola virus." World of Microbiology and Immunology. Ed. Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2007. Science in Context. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.

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Basics o Tropical arbovirus, or arthropod borne virus Infection Rates o Millions worldwide; deaths mainly in children o In 2013, 2.35 million cases in the Americas o In 2013, 2.35 million cases in the Americas Transmission o Two mosquito vectors, passed through a mosquito bite In Six Words o Fever, headache, red flush, weakness, aches o Video 1 Video 2 Video 1Video 2 Video 1Video 2 Dengue [Virus] Image Courtesy of the CDC Image

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Basics o First reported in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1974 Infection Rates o In 2012, 95% of cases were reported in 13 upper midwest and New England states Transmission o Tick vector, passed through a tick bite In Six Words o Joint pain, memory loss, nerve damage o Video Video Borellia burgdorferi Lyme Disease [Domain: Bacteria; Kingdom: Bacteria] Image

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Basics o Salmonella bacterial infection in the stomach and intestines o New, drug resistant strains Prevention o Wash hands before handling food o Wash produce before consuming o Fully cook your food Transmission o Eating contaminated food In Six Words o Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, dehydration o Animation Animation Salmonella bongori Salmonellosis [Domain: Bacteria; Kingdom: Bacteria] Image

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Basics o Produces dormant spores that can be found in the soil they are activated once in the body Infection Rates o In 2001, powdered anthrax spores were mailed to US Senators, 5 deaths of 22 infections Transmission o Breathing in spores o Contaminated food/water o Through a cut in the skin In Six Words o Drenching sweats, nausea, vomiting, confusion, dizziness o Video Video Bacillus anthracis Anthrax [Domain: Archaea; Kingdom: Archaea]

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A colored transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of Toxoplasma gondii parasites (green), which cause toxoplasmosis. Image

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Basics o Many infected do not have symptoms because parasite can remain inactive for long periods of time in our muscles and brain Prevention o Wash produce before consuming o Cook meat @ the appropriate temp o Change litter daily, [develop 1 to 5 days after first pooped] Transmission o Exposure through cat feces o Undercooked meat [especially pork, lamb, venison] In Six Words o Flu-like, eye pain, miscarriage, brain damage Video Video Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis [Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Protist] Image

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Basics o Caused by Coccidioides fungi in the soil in dry areas that lack rainfall; endemic to the southwestern US, Mexico, Central and South America Infection Rates o In 2011 over 20,000 reported cases, the majority in Arizona and California o Since 1990, 3,000+ have died Transmission o Fungal spores in the air and/or environment In Six Words o Fever, cough, headache, aches, sometimes pneumonia Story Story Valley Fever [Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Fungi] Image

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Basics o Cause an allergic skin reaction in most people exposed Prevention o In 2011 over 20,000 reported cases, the majority in Arizona and California o Since 1990, 3,000+ have died Transmission o Caused by oily resin called urushiol, either through direct or indirect contact In Six Words o Itchiness, swelling, pimple-like bumps that ooze Poison Ivy [Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Plant] Image "Poison ivy." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2012.Science in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

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Basics o Causes inflammation of the meninges, the thin membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord o Causes inflammation of the meninges, the thin membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord caused by bacteria, viruses, or even fungi o o Infants are at a higher risk than any other groupPrevention o There are vaccines available for bacterial meningitis Transmission o Blood borne, typically another infection that spreads to the brain In Six Words o Headache, stiff neck, photophobia, eventually coma Video Video Neisseria meningitidis Bacterial Meningitis [Domain: Bacteria; Kingdom: Bacteria] Image

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Basics o A virus from animals like monkeys, rats, and squirrels similar to smallpox o A virus from animals like monkeys, rats, and squirrels similar to smallpox Prevention o Restrictions on illegal animal trade o Fully cooking meat o Protective gloves when dealing with animals or slaughtering animals Transmission o Direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids of infected animals and from human to human through contact with skin lesions secretions In Six Words o Swollen lymph nodes, muscle aches, lesions MonkeyPox [Virus] Image

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Basics o Historically known as consumption infection in the lungs o Found in 4,000 year old Egyptian mummies o New, drug resistant strains emerging Infection Rates o From the WHO, 9 million infections and 1.5 million deaths in 2013 WHO Transmission o Inhaling contaminated droplets in the air In Six Words o Flu-like, lethargy, weakness, wasting away Video Video Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis [AKA TB] [Domain: Bacteria; Kingdom: Bacteria] Image "A stylized scanning electron microscopic image of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium causes..."Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Evolution. Ed. Michael Hutchins. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Science in Context. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.

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Works Cited Carson-DeWitt, Rosalyn. "Dengue fever." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. Carson-DeWitt, Rosalyn. "Meningitis." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 5th ed. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2014. Science in Context. Web. 24 Mar. 2015. Crutcher, James M., and Stephen L. Hoffman. "Malaria." Medical Microbiology. 4th Edition. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1996. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. Davidson, Tish, Rebecca J. Frey, and Laura Jean Cataldo. "Tuberculosis." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Science in Context. Web. 25 Mar. 2015. Davidson, Tish. "Strep throat." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. Ebola. Rep. World Health Organization, 2015. Web. 24 Mar. 2015. "Ebola virus." UXL Encyclopedia of Science. Detroit: UXL, 2001. Science in Context. Web. 25 Mar. 2015. Frey, Rebecca J., Jennifer E. Sisk, and Tish Davidson. "Lyme disease." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011.Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. Hoyle, Brian. "Ebola virus." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 5th ed. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2014. Science in Context. Web. 25 Mar. 2015. Hoyle, Brian. "Hemorrhagic fevers and diseases." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 5th ed. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2014. Science in Context. Web. 25 Mar. 2015. "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)." World of Biology. Gale, 1999. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. "Lyme Disease." World of Health. Gale, 2010. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. Monkeypox/Orthopoxvirose simienne." Weekly Epidemiological Record 86.41 (2011): 448+. Science in Context. Web. 24 Mar. 2015. Paradise, Lee Ann, and Karl Finley. "Poison ivy and poison oak." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Science in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. "Plasmodium - File:5942 Lores.jpg." Encyclopedia of Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. "Salmonella." World of Microbiology and Immunology. Ed. Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Science in Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. "Tuberculosis." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 5th ed. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2014. Science in Context. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.