Post on 12-Jul-2015
Selected Topics:
GIS in Mobility Research
and Planning
Martin Loidl
Department of Geoinformatics, Z_GIS
University of Salzburg
martin.loidl@sbg.ac.at | http://gicycle.wordpress.com
GI
Mobility
Lab
GIS
for
intelligent
Mobility
solutions
Modelling
Analysis
Appli-
cation
Consulting
Research
We strongly believe that spatial information
systems can bridge traditional domains
that deal with mobility and foster new and
innovative ways to analyze, plan and
manage our daily mobility demands.
www.zgis.at/gimobility
gimobility@sbg.ac.at
@gimobility
gimobility.wordpress.com
Mobility
4
Mobility
„Ability to move (people and/or goods) in time and
physical space.“ (» transportation)
5
http://www.lgcns.co.kr
Bogota
Modes
Aviation
Utility infrastructure (cable, pipeline …)
Ship
Space
Land-based
Rail
Road
6
http://www.telegraph.co.uk
http://www.axis-security.co.uk
http://www.mccrackenmotorfreight.com
http://www.nasa.gov
http://www.allianz-pro-schiene.de
Classification according to federal bureau of statistics (Statistik Austria), modified.
Benefits of being mobile
Is mobility per se benefitial?
No: must serve a purpose
Yes: as recreational activity
What was the purpose of your last trips?
7
Being mobile
8
https://www.bmvit.gv.at
Accessibility
Focus solely on mobility as such of little help
Accessibility as major parameter
Costs and restrictions:
Distance
Time
Monetary costs
Availability of transportation
Physical barriers
Legal barriers
Emotional barriers
…
9
http://blogs-images.forbes.com
http://www.svv-info.at
http://www.meinbezirk.at
http://upload.wikimedia.org
http://web.de
Accessibility
Accessibility directly affects amount and mode of mobility
10
http://en.wikipedia.org
Dharavi (Mumbai)
1 million inhabitants within 2,2 km²
San Jose (Cal.)
1 million inhabitants within 457,2 km²
http://en.wikipedia.org
San Jose (Cal.)
11
http://www.sanjoseca.gov
Mega commuters =
>90 min, >50 miles
• San Jose: 1.9%
• Nat. average: 0,82%Rapino & Fields (2013), Mega Commuters in the U.S.
http://www.mercurynews.com
Geography
12
Mobility Geography
http://www.stats.govt.nzhttp://www.kcet.org
L.A. 1961 Commuter relations NZ
Geography
Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,
decides on the amount and mode of mobility.
13
MCDONALD, N. C. 2007. Active Transportation to School: Trends Among U.S. Schoolchildren, 1969–2001. American Journal of
Preventive Medicine, 32, 509-516.
Mobility Geography
Geography
Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,
decides on the amount and mode of mobility.
14
Statistik Austria (2014)
Mobility Geography
Geography
Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,
decides on the amount and mode of mobility.
15
Mobility Geography
Geography
In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems
are necessary. They shape geography and influence
behaviour.
16
http://blogs.worldbank.orghttp://kulturerleben.salzburgresearch.at/poi/landeskrankenhaus/
Mobility Geography
Geography
17
In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems
are necessary. They shape geography and influence
behaviour.
http://kulturerleben.salzburgresearch.at/poi/landeskrankenhaus/
Losing roads as public spaces
Mobility Geography
Geography
18
In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems
are necessary. They shape geography and influence
behaviour.
http://www.sutp.org
Mobility Geography
How to use limited space?!
http://www.freeairpump.com
Geography
19
http://www.nytimes.com
http://www.nytimes.com
Hutongs in Beijing (China)
Mobility Geography
For who do we plan our cities?
Geography
Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)
Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility
Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility
20
http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com
Necessity to Travel
21
http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr
The cities will be part of the country; I shall
live 30 miles from my office in one
direction, under a pine tree; my secretary
will live 30 miles away from it too, in the
opposite direction, under another pine
tree. We shall both have our own car.
Le Corbusier‘s
car-centric,
urban utopia:
spatial
separation of
functions
Plan Voisin
Necessity to Travel
22
Urban sprawl north of Salzburg Monterey Park (east of LA)
Google Earth, Google Streetview
Car-centric planning and mobility paradigm
What GIS can offer
Reduce necessity to travel
Where to plan new residential areas?
Where to locate schools, grocery stores, physician …?
How to connect these facilities?
23
24
MORECO
Calculates accessibility of
infrastructure and
estimates mobility effort for
any address point
http://www.moreco.at/siedl
ungsrechner/
GIS
Which GIS functionalities are implemented in applications
such as „MORECO Siedlungskostenrechner“?
Overlay
Buffer
Network analysis (shortest path)
25
http://learn.environment.utoronto.ca
http://www.ukurtanah.com http://wiki.openstreetmap.org
Location optimization
26
Closest facility analysis Service areas
Connect Facilities: PT
Spatial, multi-criteria
optimization problem
Distance to next access
point
Infrastructure at access
point
Departure intervals
Connections
Travel time
Vehicle rotation
…
27http://www.mobilitaet21.de
Connect Facilites:
Active Transport Modes
28
http://news.thomasnet.com
http://gearjunkie.com
Geography
Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)
Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility
Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility
29
http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com
Efficiency
30
http://www.fairkehr.nethttp://www.salzburg.com
Time * Space * Money
Efficiency
Commuters in AT: Ø 1.07 persons/car (VCÖ)
Time and money loss due to congestion (EC, TomTom)
Istanbul: delay per hour driven = 59 min
1% of EU GDP lost (AT: 0.6% ≈ 1.8 billion €)
31
http://www.tomtom.com http://lh3.ggpht.com
Efficiency
Space required depending on mode of transport
32
http://www.flow-n.eu
Sustainability
Ecological sustainability
Air quality
Noise
Ressource demand (fossil fuel, space, …)
33
http://www.laerminfo.at
http://www.salzburg.com
http://www.klimaplastischer-naturschutz.de
Sustainability
Social sustainability
Exposure to negative effects
Accessibility of transportation
Necessity to travel (place of residence – workplace)
34
http://www.salzburg.com http://pts.researchstudio.at http://www.trulia.com
Exposure to noise and polluted air Distance to PT stop Real estate prices NYC
Sustainability
Economic sustainability
External effects
Cost allocation
35
http://www.strabag.com
Construction
Maintainance
Externalities: e.g. health care
http://www.stefanie-boege.de
9,000 km for 150g
strawberry yogurt
36
http://www.sfexaminer.com
Need for efficient and
sustainable mobility is evident
What GIS can offer
Spatial intelligence
Telematics
Mobility/traffic management
Analysis
Status quo (quality, accessibility etc.)
Simulation
Route planning & Information
37
http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com
ITS
38
Mobility as a Service
Pay as you go, independently from mode
39
http://www.fluidtime.com
http://smile-einfachmobil.at/
Floating Car Data
Estimating traffic volumes in real-time
Application examples?
Spatial technology?
40
https://www.its-austriawest.at/salzburg/verkehrslage
http://www.salzburgresearch.at
http://farm8.static.flickr.com
http://www.ebe-solutions.at
http://www.ecutool.com
https://ngageoint.github.io
http://i.stack.imgur.com
Quality Assessment
41
Planning
42
Routing
43
Information
Promotion of sustainable modes of transportation
through information
44
Geography
Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)
Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility
Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility
45
http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com
Impacts of Mobility
Occupation of (public) road space
Exposure to traffic
Mobility habits
46
http://www.salzburg.com
http://walmart-enviro.pbworks.com
http://www.bbc.com
Road Space
Salzburg
65,6 km²
5,8 km² Road space
47
Who owns the road?
Occupation
48
http://fuer-mensch-und-umwelt.de
http://www.dailymail.co.uk
Occupation
49
Exposure
50
Inhabitants per 125x125 grid cell and
daily traffic volume in Salzburg.
Exposure
51
Academics (rate) per 250x250 grid cell and
daily traffic volume in Salzburg.
Mobility Habits
52
ILLEK, G. & MAYER, I. 2013. Radverkehr in Zahlen - Daten, Fakten und Stimmungen. Wien: BMVIT.
Mobility Habits
53
http://www.salzburg24.at
http://maps.google.at
What GIS can offer
Overlay
Collect, analysis multiple perspectives on road space
„Communication“ platform
Analysis
Status quo
Raise awareness
Provide intelligent/specific information
54
Multiple Perspectives
55
Cool, no cars on the
road. I can enjoy a
safe ride!
Stupid pedestrians.
Watch out – the street
is mine!
How beautiful it would
be if this park were
larger. I‘d remove the
parking lots.
A pedestrian zone
would raise the urban
quality enormously.
Multiple Perspectives
GIS facilitates integrated approach
56
Urban Emotion
57
http://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de
Exposure - Location Matters
Spatially intelligent sensoring for evidence-based and
informed decissions
58
Information
59
Information
60
Synthesis
Mobility is a spatial phenomenom by its very nature
GIS facilitates integrated approach – GIS is everywhere
Analysis
Planning
Operation
GIS addresses ecological, economical and social
implications of mobility
Mobility is a function of space ↔ Mobility shapes space
GIS helps to make these interdependences visible
Spatial analysis for informed decissions
61
@gicycle_
gicycle.wordpress.com
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