Post on 20-Jul-2020
Yes, Mikey, it is possible to
restore a stream to some of its
former glory!
J. Chris Hoag
Riparian Plant Ecologist
Hoag Riparian & Wetland Restoration, LLC
American Falls, Idaho
20001992
Flexible Stems &
Rhizomatous Root SystemsSmall to Medium
Shrubs
Large Shrubs &
Trees
Fox Creek
Teton County
Driggs, Idaho
Oct 2003
Idaho
Fox Creek
Teton County
Driggs, Idaho
Oct 2003
• Spring driven stream
• No real flooding
• Important cutthroat producing stream
• Dredged in the 1950’s
• spoil piles line the banks
• overwide so sediment not flushed
• Sed covers the spawning gravels
• No floodplain
• Woody vegetation removed by
agricultural practices
• Infested with Reed Canarygrass
Probably once
looked like this
Fox Creek, Teton County,
Driggs, Idaho Oct 2003
Fox Creek, Teton County,
Driggs, Idaho May 2004
Vertical bundles
Wetland sod
Pole cuttings
Willow clumps
Fox Creek, Teton County,
Driggs, Idaho Aug 2007 (3 yrs)
Wetland sod
Willow
Clumps
Fox Creek, Teton County,
Driggs, Idaho Aug 2008 (4 yrs)
Willow Clumps
• Sleep, Creep, Leap
• Planted 3-5 ft deep
• Avoid using clumpy soil to fill in around roots
(root to soil contact – no air pockets)
• Wash soil in around roots
Native Harvested Wetland Sod
• Superb treatment for toe zone
• Very dense root system
• Quick to reestablish
• Wetland plants will express themselves in wet
conditions
• Upland plants express themselves in dry
conditions
Pole cuttings
• 85% survival after 4 years
• 46-59 in leader growth
• Good soil to stem contact is critical
Trout Creek
South of
Jackpot, NV
May 1992
Nevada
Trout Creek
South of Jackpot, NV
May 1992
Trout Creek
South of Jackpot, NV
May 1992
Trout Creek
South of Jackpot, NV
August 1994 (2 yrs)
Trout Creek
South of Jackpot, NV
August 2007 (13 yrs)
Brush Mattress
• Difficult to establish correctly
• Labor and plant materials intensive
• Best results are on a 3:1 or flatter slope
• Soil to stem contact is critical for
establishment success
• Equal to 8 in rock riprap
• 5-13 years to establish well
Fascine
• Often installed too high or too low
• Toe protection is mainly wood
• Sprouting is spotty
• Poor establishment success
Glancy
Demonstration
Project
Carson River
Dayton, NV
November 1998
Nevada
Glancy
Demonstration
Project, Carson
River, Dayton, NV
November 1998
2002
2007
Glancy Demonstration Project,
Carson River, Dayton, NV
November 1998
WILLOW CLUMP
PLANTING
2007
2001
Glancy
Demonstration
Project, Carson River,
Dayton, NV
November 1998
Glancy Demonstration
Project, Carson River,
Dayton, NV
November 1998
July 2007
(9 yrs)
Vertical Bundles
• Inexpensive
• Easy to build
• Works well in fluctuating water levels
• Good soil to stem contact is critical
Brush Revetment
• One of the easiest and cheapest treatment
• Must plant live plants with it
• Provides velocity reduction, sedimentation, and protection
for establishing vegetation
• Correct installation is moderately difficult
Clump Plantings
• Best overall treatment
• Establish quickly
• Roots already there
• Provide excellent root binding capacity
• Above ground biomass provides velocity reduction,
sedimentation, and roughness
• Can be planted to the lowest water table
• Don’t cut the tops off too short
Ambrose Riparian
Restoration Project
Carson River
Carson City,
Nevada
October 2001
Nevada
Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
August 2002
Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
October 2002
November 2002
Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
October 2002
Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
March 2003
Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
August 2003 (1 yr)
Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
July 2007 (5 yrs)
Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
July 2008 (6 yrs)
Brush spurs
• Easy to build
• Porous so no key trench needed
• Not permanent – use to establish vegetation
community
Live Willow Clumps
• Root mass planted over 4 ft deep
• Protected upper end of brush spur
• Cut off tops so they are above average water
level
Live cuttings or pole plantings
• Down to lowest water table of year (most
common cause of failure)
• Good soil to stem contact critical
• Fast, cheap, easy to plant
• Vigorous, healthy, ¾ inch dia. minimum
• More than one cutting to a hole
Grand Teton National Park
Snake River
Moose, WY
Oct. 2004
Wyoming
Grand Teton National Park
Snake River
Moose, WY
Oct. 2004
May 2005
GTNP, Moose, WY
July 2006
(14 months)
GTNP, Moose, WY
GTNP, Moose, WY June 2008 3 years
Stream deflectors
• Contractor used rocks that were too small
• Working better than expected
• Protected plants until they were established
• Still functioning to design specifications
• Alternative was 1800 ft of blanket rock riprap
Pole plantings, vertical bundles, brush mattress
• 90-95% establishment
• Excellent soil to stem contact
• Short growing season
• Heavy winter season with lots of snow
• Ice forms along banks in winter
• Human traffic was worse than moose
Brush Revetment
•Worked really well
•8-10 inches of sediment deposited around trees
•Wetland plants coming into new sediment
Questions?
How I lost my Job!J. Chris Hoag
Riparian Plant Ecologist
Hoag Riparian & Wetland Restoration,
LLC
2846 N. Pleasant Valley Road
American Falls, ID 83211
208-221-0944
email: jchris.hoag@gmail.com
http://www.plant-
materials.nrcs.usda.gov/idpmc