Post on 23-May-2022
YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY ALONG PAZUNDAUNG CREEK,
YANGON CITY
INTRODUCTIONRapid urbanization and industrialization can cause a significant threat to the
quality of surface water when pollution exceeds the threshold limit. Since there are
industrial zones, urban settlements and agricultural sites along the Pazundaung Creek,
the water quality of this creek needed to assess whether it is good or bad for domestic,
agriculture and purpose of other sectors. In this study, the water quality assessment of
this Pazundaung Creek covering the periods from February to May 2019 was carried
out.
AIM❖ To assess the water quality deterioration due to urbanization and
industrialization along the Pazundaung creek.
OBJECTIVES❖ To determine the concentrations of some water quality parameters on
surface water along Pazundaung Creek.
❖ To identify the effect of land use activities on the water quality along
Pazundaung Creek.
❖ To evaluate the water quality along Pazundaung Creek by comparing with
Malaysia Water Quality Standard.
STUDY AREAThe study area is Pazundaung Creek in Yangon Township and it has 75 miles
from North to South. There are seven sampling points along this creek.
Sampling Point (1) – Headwater of Pazundaung Creek
Sampling Point (2) - Outlet of ShwePauk Kan Industrial Zones
Sampling Point (3) - Before South Dagon Industrial Zones
Sampling Point (4) - After South Dagon Industrial Zones
Sampling Point (5) - Before TharkaetaIndustrial Zone
Sampling Point (6) - After TharkaetaIndustrial Zone
Sampling Point (7) - Around Pazundaung Market
Evaluation of Water Quality by comparing with Malaysia
Water Quality Standard
Analysis of the Results of Water Quality Determination
Determination of Physiochemical Parameters of
Water Samples from Pazundaung Creek
Collection of Water Sample from Pazundaung Creek
Selection of Sampling Points
Preliminary Site SurveySampling Point (1) – Headwater of Pazundaung Creek
Sampling Point (2) - Outlet of Shwe Pauk Kan Industrial Zones
Sampling Point (3) - Before South Dagon Industrial Zones
Sampling Point (4) - After South Dagon Industrial Zones
Sampling Point (5) - Before Tharkaeta Industrial Zone
Sampling Point (6) - After Tharkaeta Industrial Zone
Sampling Point (7) - Around Pazundaung Market
pH, Temp, DO, TDS, EC, Cl,Cu, Turbidity, Hardness, BODand COD
Class IIA
Water supply II - Conventional
treatment.
Fishery II -Sensitive aquatic species
Class IIB
Recreational use body contact
Determination with Multimeter(sensodirect150)
pH
Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen
Total Dissolved Solids
Electrical Conductivity
• BiquinolineMethodChloride
• BiquinolineMethodCopper
• Metallphthalein Method
Total Hardness
• Attenuated Radiation Method
Turbidity
Field Measurement Laboratory Measurement
Determination with required Chemicals
• BOD (5 days BOD Test)
• COD (Standard Method)
• DO (Standard Method)Determination with Photometer (MD 600)
• Cl, Cu, Turbidity and Total Hardness
Figure 1.Location Map of Study Area
Results and DiscussionsMonthly Variation of BOD Concentrations from February to May 2019
Monthly Variation of COD Concentrations from February to May 2019
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
February March April May
BO
D C
once
ntr
atio
ns
(mg/l
)
Months
point 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS
(Class IIA and IIB)-3mg/l
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
February March April May
CO
D C
once
ntr
atio
ns
(mg/l
)
Months
point 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS (class IIA and IIB) - 25 mg/l
Monthly Variation of DO Concentrations from February to May 2019
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
February March April May
DO
Lev
els
(mg/l
)
Months
point 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS (class IIA and IIB) - 5 to 7
mg/l
Monthly Variation of pH Concentrations from February to May 2019
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
February March April May
pH
Val
ues
Months
point 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS (class IIA and IIB) - 6 t0 9
Monthly Variation of TDS Concentrations from February to May 2019
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
February March April May
TD
S C
once
ntr
atio
ns
(ppm
)
Months
point 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS (class IIA and IIB) - 1000 ppm
Monthly Variation of Turbidity Concentrations from February to May 2019
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
February March April May
Turb
idit
y C
once
ntr
atio
ns
(FA
U)
Months
point 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS (class IIA and IIB) - 50 FAU
Monthly Variation of TH Concentrations from February to May 2019
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
February March April May
Tota
l H
ard
nes
s C
once
ntr
atio
ns
(mg/l
)
Months
point 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS (class IIA and IIB) -250 mg/l
Monthly Variation of EC Concentrations from February to May 2019
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
February March April May
EC
Conce
ntr
atio
ns
(µS
)
Monthspoint 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS (class IIA and IIB) - 1000 µS
Monthly Variation of Total Copper Concentrations from February to May 2019
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
February March April MayTota
l C
opper
Conce
ntr
atio
ns
(mg/l
)
Monthspoint 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS (class IIA and IIB) - 0.02
mg/l
Monthly Variation of Chloride Concentrations from February to May 2019
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
February March April May
Chlo
ride
Conce
ntr
atio
ns
(mg/l
)
Months
point 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
NWQS (class IIA and IIB) – 200 mg/l
Monthly Variation of Temperature from February to May 2019
ConclusionsSampling Point (1)✓ The concentration of BOD in April, COD and DO for all sampling months cannot meet
with standard limits because of the pollutants entered to the headwater of the creekwhich has the low flow rate and shallow water depth.
✓ EC had the higher value than the other points for all sampling months due to thepresence of dissolved solids such as chlorides and other compounds from the fertilizers,pesticides and animal manures used in agricultural farms near this point.
✓ The contents of total copper were also greater than the standard limit at this point due tothe pesticides and animal manures used in agricultural farms near this point.
Sampling point (2)✓ The concentration of BOD, , COD and DO for all sampling months cannot meet with
standard limits because of wastewater discharged from industrial zone and domesticwastewater from slung quarter near this point.
✓ Turbidity values did not meet with standard limits due to the wastewater fromsurrounding industrial zones, residential areas and grit works.
Sampling point (3)✓ The concentration of BOD, , COD and DO for all sampling months cannot meet with
standard limits because of wastewater discharged from industrial zone and domesticwastewater from urban drainage channel near this point.
✓ Turbidity values did not meet with standard limits due to the wastewater fromsurrounding industrial zones, residential areas and grit works.
✓ The total hardness values which did not meet with the standard limit because of thefluctuation of mineral contents such as calcium and magnesium along the flow way ofPazundaung Creek.
✓ The water sample also had the acidic property in March and these values did not reachwithin standard range.
Sampling point (4) , (5) and (6)✓ The concentration of BOD, , COD and DO for all sampling months cannot meet with
standard limits because of wastewater discharged from industrial zone and domesticwastewater from urban drainage channel near this point.
✓ Turbidity values did not meet with standard limits due to the wastewater fromsurrounding industrial zones, residential areas and grit works.
✓ The total hardness values which did not meet with the standard limit because of thefluctuation of mineral contents such as calcium and magnesium along the flow way ofPazundaung Creek.
✓ The water sample also had the acidic property in March and these values did not reachwithin standard range.
✓ The total copper contents were found at sampling point (5) in April and sampling point(6) in April and May due to the wastewater from industries zone near these point.
Sampling point (7)✓ The concentration of BOD, , COD and DO for all sampling months cannot meet with
standard limits because of wastewater discharged from industrial zone and domesticwastewater from urban drainage channel near this point.
✓ Turbidity values did not meet with standard limits due to the wastewater fromsurrounding industrial zones, residential areas and grit works.
✓ The total hardness values which did not meet with the standard limit because of thefluctuation of mineral contents such as calcium and magnesium along the flow way ofPazundaung creek.
✓ The total copper contents were greater than standard limit for all sampling months dueto the domestic wastewater from urban drainage channel near this point.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
February March April May
(ºC
)
Months
Temperature
point 1 Point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7
Note: They are acceptable with class IIA and IIB of NWQS for Malaysia
1 Hein Htet Aung (2)*, 2 Theingi Ye Myint*, 3 Nway Nway Khaing **Department of Civil Engineering, Yangon Technological University
Yangon, City, Myanmar1 thihaaung.dsta16@gmail.com, 2 tgym559@gmail.com, 3 nnkhaing2@gmail.com