Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework

Adaptation to Climate Change

AF 1 ‐ Urban Environmental Planning

WP 3 - Urban Climate Dr. Hans Peter Thamm,

Christian Schuster

Free University BerlinDepartment of Physical Geography

Berlin Germany

Forum “Adapting Ho Chi Minh City to the Impact of Climate Change” 31.03.2009

hp.thamm@geog.fu-berlin

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework

Adaptation to Climate Change

Urban Flooding

Urban Energy

Urban Transport

Urban Climate

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

Action Field 1: Environment and planning

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework

Adaptation to Climate Change

Goal of the WP:

Assessing urban climate for optimised urban planning

• A step to a liveable city – climate comfort

• Develop and applying adapted methods for assessing urban climate and impacts on urban climate

• Regional scale (development plan) to local scale (building level)

• Reducing costs for air conditioning

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework

Adaptation to Climate Change

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

Co-operation with Vietnamese Institutions :•Dr. Nguyen Thi Hien Thuan & teamInstitute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, SIHYMETE•Dr. Ho Long Phi & teamHCM City University of Technology, Department of water resources engineering•Dr. Le Van Trung & team

IT Park, Vietnam University, HCM, City•Luu Yuan Loc Ministry of Construction Urban Environmental Planning Programme in Vietnam

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework

Adaptation to Climate Change

Recent situation in HCM-City • Rapid growing city

• Tremendous changes in land use and land cover

• Climate change

• Reduced ventilation

• Increasing pollution

Land use changes in HCM between 1989 and 2002

Derived from Landsat images

TM-1989-01-16ETM 2002-02-13

TM 1989-01-16

Land use changes in HCM between 1989 and 2002

Derived from Landsat images

ETM-2002-02-13

Day Surface Temperatures HCM between 1989 and 2002

Derived from Landsat images

25

45

TM 1989-01-16ETM 2002-02-13

Recent night surface temperature ASTER 19.03.2009, 22:30

Derived from Aster-image

25

40

Preliminary result

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm

Re Surface vs. Air Temperature - Day (°Celsius)

25303540455055

Asp

halt

Con

cret

e

Cob

bles

Flag

ging

Gre

en

Wee

d

Sand

Wat

er

Surface temp (°C)Air temp (°)

Air Temperature Night/Day (°C)

15

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25

30

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Asphalt Concrete Cobbles Flagging Green Weed Sand

NightDay

Relation between surface temperature and other climate parameters

Day and night comparison

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm

Assessing typical climate for different structure typesRelating local climate to urban structure

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

BA

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm

Assessing typical climate for different structure typesRelating local climate to urban structure

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

Location Shade tree A

SunB

Time 16:41 16:43

T1,5m 31.8° 33.2°

Ts 33.3° 41.3°

Rh 64 % 60 %

Impres-sion

comfort dis-comfort

BA

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm

Density of buildings, urban green, ventilation paths,…Relating local climate to urban structure

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm

Modelling urban climate

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

H: Heat production by metabolismLcl: Insulation by clothesC: sensible heat fluxEsw: turbulent flux latent heat

(persipration)Qres: Heat flux respiration (latent

and sensible)Components radiation balanceB: Direct sun radiation D: Diffuse sun radiationR: reflected radiation (short wave)A: Thermal radiation atmosphereE: Thermal radiation surfaceEkm: Thermal radiation (human)

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework

Adaptation to Climate Change

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

Relevance for other workgroups Relevant input for climate function maps (WP 1)

Setup of a urban development scheme in regional scale (green areas, alignment of buildings..)

Climate optimized building design – local scale (material, ventilation,.…)

Reducing costs for climatisation

Connection with traffic planning (e.g. roads as ventilation paths)

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

Thank you for your attention!

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm

Modelling urban climate

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

Available Model• “PMV” – Fanger • “Klima-Michel” – Jendritzki• MUKLIMO• MEMI• MM5• Etc.

Various models availableProblem: • Complex • hard to parameterise• not user friendly

Adaption of methods which are scientific sound but applicable in a urban planning context

Re

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm

Assessing the Urban Climate of HCM CityParameter: temperature, humidity, wind, radiation

Measurement station.High temporal resolution. Low spatial relevance

Satellite images.High spatial resolution. Low temporal resolution. Day and Night

Measurement campaignsExtending spatial relevance

Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework

Adaptation to Climate Change

WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin

Different spatial scalesGeneral pattern for whole city Detail studies

Source: google maps