World War IWorld War I

Causes: Causes:

Rival Rival AlliancesAlliances

ImperialismImperialism

NationalismNationalism

MilitarismMilitarism

world conflict - war world conflict - war extended into extended into Middle East, Asia Middle East, Asia and Africaand Africa

1914 - battle of the 1914 - battle of the Marne, stalemate Marne, stalemate followed; failure of followed; failure of von Schlieffen Plan von Schlieffen Plan

Battlefronts 1914-1918Battlefronts 1914-1918

Germany fighting two-Germany fighting two-front warfront war

1916 - battles of 1916 - battles of Verdun and SommeVerdun and Somme

defeat for Allies in defeat for Allies in Gallipoli campaignGallipoli campaign

1915 - sinking of 1915 - sinking of LusitaniaLusitania

1917 - U.S. enters 1917 - U.S. enters the war - reasons?the war - reasons?

turning-point in warturning-point in war

Bolshevik Bolshevik Revolution leads to Revolution leads to signing of treaty of signing of treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Brest-Litovsk - Russia withdraws Russia withdraws from war in March from war in March of 1918of 1918

Collapse of Collapse of empires - empires - Ottoman, Ottoman, Hapsburg, Hapsburg, GermanGerman

William II William II abdicates; abdicates; Germany Germany becomes a becomes a RepublicRepublic

increased role for government increased role for government - increased power for the - increased power for the executive; Lloyd George and executive; Lloyd George and censorship; growth in censorship; growth in bureaucracybureaucracy

government control of the government control of the economy during war “war economy during war “war socialism”socialism”

increased taxes, money increased taxes, money supply and borrowing led to supply and borrowing led to inflationinflation

social change - women in social change - women in labor forcelabor force

Impact of WarImpact of War

social classes - benefits social classes - benefits and losses; profiteers and losses; profiteers vs workers; inflation vs workers; inflation and fixed incomesand fixed incomes

class division class division intensifiedintensified

propaganda used by propaganda used by wartime governmentswartime governments

WW I marked an end to WW I marked an end to the era of “progress”the era of “progress”

rise of large rise of large corporations/governmecorporations/government complexnt complex

Wilson’s “Fourteen Points”Wilson’s “Fourteen Points”

League of NationsLeague of Nations

principle of self-determination principle of self-determination encouraged colonial peoples to encouraged colonial peoples to assert their demands for assert their demands for independenceindependence

mandates, not independence, mandates, not independence, resulted for many parts pf the resulted for many parts pf the colonial worldcolonial world

Europe-dominated world would Europe-dominated world would remainremain

1919 and After1919 and After

Peace of ParisPeace of Paris

German question at center of negotiationsGerman question at center of negotiations

Treaty of Versailles - punitive measures Treaty of Versailles - punitive measures taken against Germanytaken against Germany

““Big Three” - Clemenceau Vs WilsonBig Three” - Clemenceau Vs Wilson

Clemenceau’s strategy - isolate and Clemenceau’s strategy - isolate and weaken Germany weaken Germany

for Germany - loss of lands, reparations, for Germany - loss of lands, reparations, war- guiltwar- guilt

U.S. failure to ratify the U.S. failure to ratify the Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

isolationism and isolationism and national self-interest national self-interest took precedencetook precedence

power vacuum in power vacuum in central and eastern central and eastern Europe Europe

war helped shape war helped shape twentieth century twentieth century society -Europe’s role, society -Europe’s role, government, gender, government, gender, class, nationalism were class, nationalism were all changedall changed