Post on 22-Feb-2016
description
World War I: Turning Points
Weaponry
•Poison gas•Zeppelin•Big Bertha
•Machine gun•Airplane•Tank
Battle of the Marne(Sept 5-12, 1914)
• Month-long German offensive toward Paris halted after six French field armies and one British army counterattacked against the Germans
• Marked failure of Schlieffen Plan
Battle of Ypres(Oct 19-Nov 22, 1914)
• Ypres = strategic city in Belgium• British wanted to secure English Channel
ports for supply line by sea• Germans needed Ypres to get to Calais• French did not want Germans to outflank
Allied front from the north• Ended the “Race to the Sea”; Germans
prevented from reaching Calais and Dunkirk
Battle of Verdun(Feb 21-Dec 18, 1916)
• By 1915, many forts were left mostly undefended due to threat of German howitzers; Germans took Fort Douaumont February 25, 1916
• Fort Douaumont = largest/highest of the 19 large defensive forts protecting Verdun; recaptured by French in October 1916
• After nearly 10 months: negligible gains in territory, massive casualties (542,000 French & 434,000 Germans), yet an Allied victory
Fort Douaumont, start of 1916
Fort Douaumont, end of 1916
Battle of the Somme(July 1-Nov 18, 1916)
• British took lead since French were still defending Verdun
• More than one million casualties; one of the bloodiest wars ever recorded
U.S. Enters the War• 1914: US factories producing at high rate in
response to demand from war; U.S. maintained neutrality
• 1916: National Defense Act passed, authorizing expansion of US Army to 175,000-286,000 in the event of war
• 1917: Apr 2, President Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war; granted Apr 6
Treaty of Versailles• Armistice Day: November 11, 1918: ceasefire• June 28, 1919: Ended state of war between
Germany and the Allied Powers• Germany required to:– Accept responsibility for causing the war (Austria &
Hungary in Treaties of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Trianon)
– Disarm– Make substantial territorial concessions, and pay
heavy reparations to Entente Power countries• $31.4 billion in 1921• $442 billion today
Credits• http://flightlinefabrications.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/wwi.bmp• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:French_soldiers_ditch_1914.jpg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Battle_of_the_Marne_-_M
ap.jpg• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbggEGUaE28• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-LxzD6Luj4• http://old.library.jhu.edu/sebin/x/o/box76item105.jpg• http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bVGcZWB00CI/T5tbAz4puLI/AAAAAAAAALk/griIO2CQV
0o/s1600/Gamma-gerat.jpg• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UamKIlTsKgA• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Race_to_the_Sea_1914.pn
g• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Verdun_and_Vincinity_-_
Map.jpg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Fort_Douaumont_Ende_19
16.jpg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Fort_Douaumont_Anfang
_1916.jpg• http://www.therooms.ca/regiment/images/somme-static-map-FA.jpg• http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/map/lc/image/ger71020.gif