SECTION 4- TURNING POINTS OF THE WAR

QOTD: Day 2

What is a siege?

The Western Campaign MS River is the main focus of

Western campaign

Confederates still have strongholds at Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA

The Siege of Vicksburg Grant marches south of Vicksburg in

LA

Attack on rail line in central MS to draw attention away from Vicksburg

March NE to capture Jackson, MS

The Siege of Vicksburg Gain control of main rail line

Vicksburg is now cut off

May 22- Grant lays siege for 1 month

Fire from land and river

The Siege of Vicksburg Confederates surrender due to lack of

supplies and constant fire

July 4, 1863

Port Hudson surrendered days later

Confederacy now cut in 2

Battle of Fredericksburg Ambrose Burnside placed in charge

of Army of the Potomac Dec. 1862- Army of Potomac vs.

Army of Northern VA Lee defeats the new commander

Union suffers 2x casualties of Confederates

Battle of Chancellorsville

Gen. Joseph Hooker replaces Burnside

South wins again, but Stonewall Jackson is mortally wounded

Dies a few days later

Lee decides to invade PA

Invasion of the North Goals: Win international support for

Confederacy

Demoralize the Union

Force an end to the war

The Battle of Gettysburg Lee hopes to capture footwear factory

Army of Potomac under the leadership of Gen. Meade

July 1- Northern Gen. Buford spreads army out NW of town

Calls for reinforcements

The Battle of Gettysburg 1st day- Confederate victory

Push North to higher ground to the south

Nightfall helps strengthen Union position

The Battle of Gettysburg Union digs trench from Culp’s Hill and

Cemetery Hill to Cemetery Ridge

Line extends to Little and Big Round Top

Union held the high ground

The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2 Confederates attack the Northern and

Southern ends of the Union line

Union abandoned Little Round Top

Rebels failed to breach the Union line

The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2 Union forces led by Col. Chamberlain

recapture Little Round Top

Met Confederates at top Union ran low on ammo Chamberlain orders bayonet charge

100’s of Confederates surrender

The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 3 July 3rd- Lee orders artillery attack

with cannons at Cemetery Ridge

Gen. George Pickett orders fateful “Pickett’s Charge” up the ridge

1000’s of Confederates mowed down

Gettysburg and the Aftermath 50,000 lay dead/wounded

½ Confederates, 1/3 of Lee’s total fighting force

Invasion of the North abandoned

Confederates retreated to VA

The Gettysburg Address Nov. 1863- Lincoln travels to

Gettysburg to dedicate a cemetery to the fallen soldiers

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1512410

Preserve the US- a nation dedicated to the “proposition that all men are created equal

Outcome of Battles Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg

were w/in 1 day of each other

MS river was in Union hands

No help from Europe

Confederates still won a few battles (Chickamauga,GA in 1863)

The Overland Campaign 1864- Grant recalled from the west

Lincoln puts him in charge of the entire Union Army

Sets sights on Richmond, VA

The Overland Campaign Higher % casualties for Confederates

Northern public outraged by 100’s of 1000’s of casualties on both sides

Grant uses total war- attack civilian and military targets

Destroy economy that supports enemy and will of the people

Sherman’s March to the Sea Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman

also uses total war

Goal: capture Savannah, GA

Loot for supplies, destroy anything of value left behind

RR tracks, buildings, private homes

Sherman’s March to the Sea Confederates abandon ATL as he

closes in

Sherman does not, his forces burn 40% of ATL to the ground

Captures Savannah in late Dec.

Exit Slip

How did the two battles from today turn the tide of the war in favor of the North?