1

From Fine-dust Binder CMA to Traffic Bans

Actions for Air Quality Improvement

in Klagenfurt, Austria

Wolfgang HafnerCity of Klagenfurt, Dep. Environment Protection

Barcelona, 18.06.2010

Klagenfurt

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93.000 inhabitants160.000 daily population120 km2Capital of province of Carinthiatrade and school center of the region

4

Samstag, 12. 11. 2005

PM 10 Daily mean 22 – 32 µg/m3

5

Fine Dust (PM 10 ) in Klagenfurt

Regional background

50

75

100

Daily meanPM [µg/m³]

Hot spots

Urban background

coldcalmdry

77 µg/m3

Temperatur

~ 700 -1000 m

6

Fine Dust (PM10)Nov 03 – April 04

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.001

.11.

2003

01.1

2.20

03

01.0

1.20

04

01.0

2.20

04

01.0

3.20

04

01.0

4.20

04

Koschatstr.Völkermarkter Str.WelzeneggNeuer PlatzSt.Veiter Str.

7

EU-ProjectKAPA GS

www.kapags.at2004 - 2007

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Annual mean PM10 2005

Sources apportionment PM 10 –Völkermarkter Str. (hot spot, traffic)

industry6%

residential heating

10%

trafficnon-exhaust

22%background

52%

agriculture0%

traffic exhaust10%

KAPA GS – results and measures

� 1st generation • 2nd generation

8 electronic environmental indicator boardsexample: Ebenthaler Straße

Park & Ride West & Ost(2 parking lots and shuttle service)

• all over the year

• Mo-Fr 06.20–20.00 h, Sa -13.00

• every 20 min.• free of charge

Car-free day 22.09.2006

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Traffic ban of inner city road

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Reduction of domestic heating emissions, 617 municipal apartments, effects on AM PM10

CMA-trial 2006/2007

start: 25.11.06

end: 07.02.07

CalciumCalcium--MagnesiumMagnesium--Acetate is applied as a 25% solutionAcetate is applied as a 25% solution

ratio PM10 / NOx in Klagenfurt

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

ratio

del

ta P

M10

/del

ta N

Ox

2004/05

2005/06

2006/07with CMA

without CMA

- 18 % PM10

19

Result:

15-31%

PM10-reduction

LIFEplus-Project CMA+

PM10 reduction by the application of liquid Calcium-Magnesium Acetate (CMA) in the Austrian an Italian citiesKlagenfurt, Bruneck and Lienz

Objectives of CMA+

• Development and demonstration of a standardmethodology for the application of CMA as fine dust binder in winter, for dust bindung in summer and as de-icing agent

• Dosage, time and frequency have to beclarified as well as issues of traffic safety.

CMA as Finedust binder

• CMA = Calcium-Magnesium-Acetate, 25%-solution

• CMA is a deicing agent up to -16°C

• CMA is hardly corrosive, biodegradable and harmlessto plants and water

Traffic Safety�frictiontests in driving center – ÖAMTC �Expert opinion on liability – ÖAMTC�Investigation of accidents, driving

behaviour, potential of conflicts and publicopinion poll - KfV

�GripTesteron test roads (TU Vienna)

�Friction testsin the lab (ACCT)

2 km 2 km testroadstestroads in Klagenfurt as of in Klagenfurt as of

OctoberOctober 20092009

��VVöölkermarkterlkermarkter StraStraßßee

EnzenbergstraEnzenbergstraßßee

��RudolfsbahngRudolfsbahngüürtelrtel

Namen

CMA+ (EU-Life) Graz, 10.06.2010 27

Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik

Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt

Gerhard Bachler

27

Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik

Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt

PM10 Daily Mean Values (Jan.-Apr. 2010)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

10001

.01.

2010

08.0

1.20

10

15.0

1.20

10

22.0

1.20

10

29.0

1.20

10

05.0

2.20

10

12.0

2.20

10

19.0

2.20

10

26.0

2.20

10

05.0

3.20

10

12.0

3.20

10

19.0

3.20

10

26.0

3.20

10

02.0

4.20

10

09.0

4.20

10

16.0

4.20

10

23.0

4.20

10

µg/m

³

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

[kg/

d]

CMA

Rudolfsbahn

Koschatstr.

Results-Klagenfurt

Namen

CMA+ (EU-Life) Graz, 10.06.2010 28

Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik

Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt

Gerhard Bachler

28

Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik

Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt

delta PM10/delta NOx Daily Mean Values (Jan.-Apr. 2 010)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

01.0

1.20

10

08.0

1.20

10

15.0

1.20

10

22.0

1.20

10

29.0

1.20

10

05.0

2.20

10

12.0

2.20

10

19.0

2.20

10

26.0

2.20

10

05.0

3.20

10

12.0

3.20

10

19.0

3.20

10

26.0

3.20

10

02.0

4.20

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

[kg/

d]

Rudolfsbahn

CMA

Results-Klagenfurt

Namen

CMA+ (EU-Life) Graz, 10.06.2010 29

Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik

Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt

Gerhard Bachler

29

Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik

Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt

Summary

A comparison between daily mean values w/o CMA application(Jan.-Apr. 2010) at both test sections in Klagenfurt showed:

Lower delta PM10/delta NOx ratio at Völkermarkterstrasse and RudolfsbahngürtelReduction potential (Völkermarkterstrasse)

~20% on PM10 traffic (exhaust & non exhaust)

Reduction potential (Rudolfsbahngürtel)~30% on PM10 traffic (exhaust & non exhaust)

CMA

Summer Summer trialstrials in Klagenfurt in Klagenfurt --

DruckerwegDruckerweg

3 x 30 g/m2PM10 - Reductionappr. 50%

Aerea without CMA

Aerea with CMA

laboratory

• Roadsimulator – Schweden, VTI• Friction tests – ACCT, Wien

0

1

2

3

PM

10 T

EO

M (

mg

m-3)

0 1 2 3Time after road simulator start (h)

0 10,000 20,000 30,000Number of wheel passages after road simulator start

50 km/h, ”dry” CMA-treated surface

”Dry” CMA effect?

PM10 results, CMA and RH effect

PM10 results, RH effect

A dry CMA-treated surface compared to a dry clean surface

1 102 3 4 5 6 7 8 90.90.80.70.6

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

dM/d

logD

p

CMA – current results• Significant PM10-reduktion by CMA at kerb side

(30% daily / 20% monthly / 10% annual mean)• 10 g/m2 is sufficient

• No influence on traffic safety• Frequency of application still unclear: depends on

traffic flow, humidity and temperature ?

• Deicing effect is very good, but only preventiv• Very good reduction on unpaved roads (at least -

50%), but with higher dosage of 100 g/m2, every 2 –4 week

International Congress

Innovative Winter Service for Finedust reduction

first results from– 30.September 2010, 9-18 Uhr

presentations by national and international experts

– 1.October 2010, 9-13 Uhr

Workshop for practicioners

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PM 10 - JMW

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

µg/

m3

St.Andrä

Wolfsberg

Klagenfurt-Koschatstr.

Klagenfurt-Völkermarkterstr.

Zell-Ebenthal

GW ab 2005 in A und EU

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PM10 - Anzahl der Tage pro Jahr mit Grenzwertübers chreitungen

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Anz

ahl d

er T

age

> 5

0 µg

/m3

St.Andrä

Wolfsberg

Klagenfurt-Koschatstr.

Klagenfurt-Völkermarkterstr.

Zell-Ebenthal

Limit value for PM10: 50 µg/m3

Daily mean

35 exceedancesallowed per year in EU

30 in A as of 2005

25 in A as of 2010

Number of days exceeding the daily mean limit value

42

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EU-Project „PM inter“

Interregional interaction of measures to reducedomestic fuels and traffic in Klagenfurt, South Styria

and Maribor

• Programme: INTERREG IV Slowenien-Österreich

• Duration: 01.01.2010 - 31.12.2012

• 7 Partner: Klagenfurt, Marburg, Kärnten, Steiermark, TU Graz, Gesundheitsinstitut und Uni Marburg

• Clarification of high PM10-background polllution in Carinthia, Styria and Slovenia foccusing on domestic fuels

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NO2 - JMW

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

µg/m

3

St.Andrä

Wolfsberg

Klagenfurt-Koschatstr.

Klagenfurt-Völkermarkterstr.

Zell-Ebenthal

Limit 2005 in A, ab 2010 in EU

A-limit 2010

A-limit 2012

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NO2- Annual mean value 2005

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Sources apportionment NOx –Völkermarkter Str. (hot spot, traffic)

domestic fuels7%

Industy6%

public transport19%

HDV10%

passenger cars42%

background16%

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NO2-Reduction by new Buses + traffic flow reduction in inner city

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Air Quality Action Plan for Klagenfurt20 measures with 245 actions

(PM10 and NO2)� CMA-Application� Park & Ride West and East� Efficient charging system for parking� Cheaper monthly tickets for public tranport (21 € instead of 35 €)� Refurbishment of 2400 municipal apartments (district heating instead of

single stoves)• Extension of districheating by new NG-power plant ?• Renewal of busfleet Euro 5, EEV-Standard (CNG ?) � Traffic ban of inner city roads ?� Environmental zones ?• Priority for public transport (e.g. bus lanes) ? • Additional park & ride systems in north and South ?� further EU-Projects, e.g. PMinter (domestic fuels), REZIPE & CEMOBIL

(E-mobilität)� Public relations

Conclusion from the point of viewof Klagenfurt

• EU-limits for NO2 and PM10 / PM2.5 can beachieved by– Finedust binder (CMA)– Reduction of domestic fuels by extension of domestic

heating network– Renewal of public busfleet– Stop for traffic increase (efficient parking fee system,

priority for public transport, walking and cycling)

• Austrian limit values (35 / 30 µg/m3 NO2, 25 exceedance days for PM10) are not achieveableat hot spot

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E-mobility2 EU-projects

REZIPE: Renewable Energies for Zero Emission Transport in Europe

CEMOBIL: CO2-neutral Electromobility for thereduction of PM10, NO2 and CO2 in Klagenfurt

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www.feinstaubfrei.atwww.life-spas.atwww.life-cma.atwolfgang.hafner@klagenfurt.at

Lienz

30.9.-1.10.2010