Wolfgang Hafner - (De l’anàlisi comparativa del mercat (CMA) d’aglutinants de pols fina a les...
-
Upload
medi-ambient-generalitat-de-catalunya -
Category
Business
-
view
795 -
download
0
Transcript of Wolfgang Hafner - (De l’anàlisi comparativa del mercat (CMA) d’aglutinants de pols fina a les...
1
From Fine-dust Binder CMA to Traffic Bans
Actions for Air Quality Improvement
in Klagenfurt, Austria
Wolfgang HafnerCity of Klagenfurt, Dep. Environment Protection
Barcelona, 18.06.2010
Klagenfurt
3
93.000 inhabitants160.000 daily population120 km2Capital of province of Carinthiatrade and school center of the region
4
Samstag, 12. 11. 2005
PM 10 Daily mean 22 – 32 µg/m3
5
Fine Dust (PM 10 ) in Klagenfurt
Regional background
50
75
100
Daily meanPM [µg/m³]
Hot spots
Urban background
coldcalmdry
77 µg/m3
Temperatur
~ 700 -1000 m
6
Fine Dust (PM10)Nov 03 – April 04
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.001
.11.
2003
01.1
2.20
03
01.0
1.20
04
01.0
2.20
04
01.0
3.20
04
01.0
4.20
04
Koschatstr.Völkermarkter Str.WelzeneggNeuer PlatzSt.Veiter Str.
7
EU-ProjectKAPA GS
www.kapags.at2004 - 2007
8
Annual mean PM10 2005
Sources apportionment PM 10 –Völkermarkter Str. (hot spot, traffic)
industry6%
residential heating
10%
trafficnon-exhaust
22%background
52%
agriculture0%
traffic exhaust10%
KAPA GS – results and measures
� 1st generation • 2nd generation
8 electronic environmental indicator boardsexample: Ebenthaler Straße
Park & Ride West & Ost(2 parking lots and shuttle service)
• all over the year
• Mo-Fr 06.20–20.00 h, Sa -13.00
• every 20 min.• free of charge
Car-free day 22.09.2006
14
Traffic ban of inner city road
15
Reduction of domestic heating emissions, 617 municipal apartments, effects on AM PM10
CMA-trial 2006/2007
start: 25.11.06
end: 07.02.07
CalciumCalcium--MagnesiumMagnesium--Acetate is applied as a 25% solutionAcetate is applied as a 25% solution
ratio PM10 / NOx in Klagenfurt
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
ratio
del
ta P
M10
/del
ta N
Ox
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07with CMA
without CMA
- 18 % PM10
19
Result:
15-31%
PM10-reduction
LIFEplus-Project CMA+
PM10 reduction by the application of liquid Calcium-Magnesium Acetate (CMA) in the Austrian an Italian citiesKlagenfurt, Bruneck and Lienz
Objectives of CMA+
• Development and demonstration of a standardmethodology for the application of CMA as fine dust binder in winter, for dust bindung in summer and as de-icing agent
• Dosage, time and frequency have to beclarified as well as issues of traffic safety.
CMA as Finedust binder
• CMA = Calcium-Magnesium-Acetate, 25%-solution
• CMA is a deicing agent up to -16°C
• CMA is hardly corrosive, biodegradable and harmlessto plants and water
Traffic Safety�frictiontests in driving center – ÖAMTC �Expert opinion on liability – ÖAMTC�Investigation of accidents, driving
behaviour, potential of conflicts and publicopinion poll - KfV
�GripTesteron test roads (TU Vienna)
�Friction testsin the lab (ACCT)
2 km 2 km testroadstestroads in Klagenfurt as of in Klagenfurt as of
OctoberOctober 20092009
��VVöölkermarkterlkermarkter StraStraßßee
EnzenbergstraEnzenbergstraßßee
��RudolfsbahngRudolfsbahngüürtelrtel
Namen
CMA+ (EU-Life) Graz, 10.06.2010 27
Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik
Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt
Gerhard Bachler
27
Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik
Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt
PM10 Daily Mean Values (Jan.-Apr. 2010)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10001
.01.
2010
08.0
1.20
10
15.0
1.20
10
22.0
1.20
10
29.0
1.20
10
05.0
2.20
10
12.0
2.20
10
19.0
2.20
10
26.0
2.20
10
05.0
3.20
10
12.0
3.20
10
19.0
3.20
10
26.0
3.20
10
02.0
4.20
10
09.0
4.20
10
16.0
4.20
10
23.0
4.20
10
µg/m
³
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
[kg/
d]
CMA
Rudolfsbahn
Koschatstr.
Results-Klagenfurt
Namen
CMA+ (EU-Life) Graz, 10.06.2010 28
Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik
Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt
Gerhard Bachler
28
Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik
Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt
delta PM10/delta NOx Daily Mean Values (Jan.-Apr. 2 010)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
01.0
1.20
10
08.0
1.20
10
15.0
1.20
10
22.0
1.20
10
29.0
1.20
10
05.0
2.20
10
12.0
2.20
10
19.0
2.20
10
26.0
2.20
10
05.0
3.20
10
12.0
3.20
10
19.0
3.20
10
26.0
3.20
10
02.0
4.20
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
[kg/
d]
Rudolfsbahn
CMA
Results-Klagenfurt
Namen
CMA+ (EU-Life) Graz, 10.06.2010 29
Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik
Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt
Gerhard Bachler
29
Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermod ynamik
Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt
Summary
A comparison between daily mean values w/o CMA application(Jan.-Apr. 2010) at both test sections in Klagenfurt showed:
Lower delta PM10/delta NOx ratio at Völkermarkterstrasse and RudolfsbahngürtelReduction potential (Völkermarkterstrasse)
~20% on PM10 traffic (exhaust & non exhaust)
Reduction potential (Rudolfsbahngürtel)~30% on PM10 traffic (exhaust & non exhaust)
CMA
Summer Summer trialstrials in Klagenfurt in Klagenfurt --
DruckerwegDruckerweg
3 x 30 g/m2PM10 - Reductionappr. 50%
Aerea without CMA
Aerea with CMA
laboratory
• Roadsimulator – Schweden, VTI• Friction tests – ACCT, Wien
0
1
2
3
PM
10 T
EO
M (
mg
m-3)
0 1 2 3Time after road simulator start (h)
0 10,000 20,000 30,000Number of wheel passages after road simulator start
50 km/h, ”dry” CMA-treated surface
”Dry” CMA effect?
PM10 results, CMA and RH effect
PM10 results, RH effect
A dry CMA-treated surface compared to a dry clean surface
1 102 3 4 5 6 7 8 90.90.80.70.6
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
dM/d
logD
p
CMA – current results• Significant PM10-reduktion by CMA at kerb side
(30% daily / 20% monthly / 10% annual mean)• 10 g/m2 is sufficient
• No influence on traffic safety• Frequency of application still unclear: depends on
traffic flow, humidity and temperature ?
• Deicing effect is very good, but only preventiv• Very good reduction on unpaved roads (at least -
50%), but with higher dosage of 100 g/m2, every 2 –4 week
International Congress
Innovative Winter Service for Finedust reduction
first results from– 30.September 2010, 9-18 Uhr
presentations by national and international experts
– 1.October 2010, 9-13 Uhr
Workshop for practicioners
40
PM 10 - JMW
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
µg/
m3
St.Andrä
Wolfsberg
Klagenfurt-Koschatstr.
Klagenfurt-Völkermarkterstr.
Zell-Ebenthal
GW ab 2005 in A und EU
41
PM10 - Anzahl der Tage pro Jahr mit Grenzwertübers chreitungen
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Anz
ahl d
er T
age
> 5
0 µg
/m3
St.Andrä
Wolfsberg
Klagenfurt-Koschatstr.
Klagenfurt-Völkermarkterstr.
Zell-Ebenthal
Limit value for PM10: 50 µg/m3
Daily mean
35 exceedancesallowed per year in EU
30 in A as of 2005
25 in A as of 2010
Number of days exceeding the daily mean limit value
42
43
EU-Project „PM inter“
Interregional interaction of measures to reducedomestic fuels and traffic in Klagenfurt, South Styria
and Maribor
• Programme: INTERREG IV Slowenien-Österreich
• Duration: 01.01.2010 - 31.12.2012
• 7 Partner: Klagenfurt, Marburg, Kärnten, Steiermark, TU Graz, Gesundheitsinstitut und Uni Marburg
• Clarification of high PM10-background polllution in Carinthia, Styria and Slovenia foccusing on domestic fuels
44
NO2 - JMW
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
µg/m
3
St.Andrä
Wolfsberg
Klagenfurt-Koschatstr.
Klagenfurt-Völkermarkterstr.
Zell-Ebenthal
Limit 2005 in A, ab 2010 in EU
A-limit 2010
A-limit 2012
45
NO2- Annual mean value 2005
46
Sources apportionment NOx –Völkermarkter Str. (hot spot, traffic)
domestic fuels7%
Industy6%
public transport19%
HDV10%
passenger cars42%
background16%
47
NO2-Reduction by new Buses + traffic flow reduction in inner city
48
Air Quality Action Plan for Klagenfurt20 measures with 245 actions
(PM10 and NO2)� CMA-Application� Park & Ride West and East� Efficient charging system for parking� Cheaper monthly tickets for public tranport (21 € instead of 35 €)� Refurbishment of 2400 municipal apartments (district heating instead of
single stoves)• Extension of districheating by new NG-power plant ?• Renewal of busfleet Euro 5, EEV-Standard (CNG ?) � Traffic ban of inner city roads ?� Environmental zones ?• Priority for public transport (e.g. bus lanes) ? • Additional park & ride systems in north and South ?� further EU-Projects, e.g. PMinter (domestic fuels), REZIPE & CEMOBIL
(E-mobilität)� Public relations
Conclusion from the point of viewof Klagenfurt
• EU-limits for NO2 and PM10 / PM2.5 can beachieved by– Finedust binder (CMA)– Reduction of domestic fuels by extension of domestic
heating network– Renewal of public busfleet– Stop for traffic increase (efficient parking fee system,
priority for public transport, walking and cycling)
• Austrian limit values (35 / 30 µg/m3 NO2, 25 exceedance days for PM10) are not achieveableat hot spot
50
E-mobility2 EU-projects
REZIPE: Renewable Energies for Zero Emission Transport in Europe
CEMOBIL: CO2-neutral Electromobility for thereduction of PM10, NO2 and CO2 in Klagenfurt
51
www.feinstaubfrei.atwww.life-spas.atwww.life-cma.atwolfgang.hafner@klagenfurt.at
Lienz
30.9.-1.10.2010