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Wireless Access – a Key Constituent of Future Intelligent Architectures

Dr. Suresh Borkar Department of ECE

Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago borkar@iit.edu

IIT Real Time Communications Conference, Chicago

Sept 25 – 28, 2017 © Suresh Borkar

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Wireless Access for Intelligent Architectures

• Upcoming Intelligent Services • Major constituents • Wireless Requirements • Wireless Technologies • Wireless Access Architectures Solutions • Concluding Remarks

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Intelligent Services • Manufacturing, Transportation, and Logistics

– Industrial Robots, Intelligent Private and Public Transportation • Healthcare

– Analyze Healthcare Data and Support Medical Diagnoses. • Financial Services and E-commerce

– Pricing and Order Execution, Predict Pattern of Buying Behavior

• Education – Provide Personalized Learning Systems to Scale

• Home – Automatic Control of Power, Environment, and Appliances

• Agriculture – Automatic Control of Seed Planting, Irrigation, Harvesting

• Military Systems – Sophisticated Autonomous Weapons Systems

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Building Blocks for Future Applications

• Congruence of Four Key Entities – Internet of Things (IoT)

• Provide The Fundamental Interconnectivity Between the Intelligent End Devices and the Core

– Ubiquitous Storage and Computing • Hybrid Architecture Based on a Combination of Edge,

Devices, and THE Cloud – Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Automation and Machine Learning along with Visual Perception and Pattern Recognition

• Integrate and Analyze the Massive Data Collected – Wireless Fixed, Nomadic, and Mobile Access

• Provide Critical Seamless and Secure Connectivity for Effective Integration and Co-existence of These Technologies

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Massive and Critical IoT [ERIC]

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Selected Application Attributes

Coverage Performance Cost battery Life Reliability and QoS

Security Positioning

TransportManufacturingHealthSmart CitySmart Home

Critical Important Desirable

Primarily Machine Type Communication (MTC)

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Key Wireless Access Requirements

• Varying interfaces and Priority Management for Heterogeneous Machine Type Communication (MTC)

• Battery Life – Rechargeable and non-rechargeable – Few hours to 10+ years

• Interoperability of Multiple Wireless Protocols • Security

– Authentication, Authorization, and Access Control • Density of Access Points

– Interference due to Degradation of signal Quality • Range, Bandwidth, Endpoint Cost, and Operational Cost

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Wireless Access Network Connectivity

“Things” Mesh Networking

PAN/LAN Core WAN Core

Stationary, Nomadic, Mobility Stationary, Nomadic

Bursty, Low Power Bursty,

Low Power High BW High BW

WAN Infrastructure Access to other Devices and the Centralized Cloud Services

THE Cloud

PAN: Proximity Area Network LAN: Local Area Network WAN: Wide Area Network

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Wireless PAN Access Technologies

• “IEEE 802.15.1” Based – Bluetooth Special Interest Group (BSIG)

• Bluetooth Smart 4.0 – Everyday gadgets stay connected longer while using

less power • Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Protocol

– Use with low-powered devices that use only modest amounts of data

– BLE sits in sleep mode until a connection is initiated – Adaptive Frequency Hopping

• IEEE 802-15.4 Based

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IEEE 802-15.4 Based PAN Standards

• ZigBee – High Degree of Stability in Changing Conditions – Up to Data Thruput of 250 Kbps – Smart Grid Operations

• Google Thread Open Protocol – IP-addressable with Cloud Access and AES Encryption – Smart Home Applications

• WirelessHart – Self-organizing and Self-healing Mesh Architecture

• Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network (Wi-SUN) – Both Powered and Battery-operated Devices – For Frequent (up to 10 Seconds), Low-latency

Communication

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Wireless LAN Access

• Traditional WiFi (IEEE 802.11) • Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) protocol in 900 MHz Band

– Provide Low-power Connectivity – Twice the Range of WiFi – More Easily Penetrate Walls and Other Barriers – Advances

• Adaptive Beam Forming – Automatically adjust to changes in the radio frequency

(RF) signal strength • Improving Computing Realtime Location of Wi-Fi Clients • Improving Controllers and Management Moving into the

Cloud

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3GPP WAN Evolution for MTC [ERIC]

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Wireless WAN Access Technologies – 3GPP

• 5G – Operation to 100 GHz – High Bandwidth, Low Latency

• EC-GSM-IOT (Extended Coverage GSM IoT) – GSM Legacy, Reduced Device Cost, Extended Coverage

• LTE-M (Long Term Evolution for Machine Type Evolution) – MTC, Power Saving Mode (10+ Years), Reduced Device

Cost, Extended Coverage – Applications with Relatively High Number of Messages

Triggered By Certain Events • NB-IOT (Narrow Band IoT)

– For Ultra-low End Low Power and Infrequent Data Transmission Devices

– Extreme Coverage Requirements

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5G Enabling Technologies [SAMS]

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Proprietary Wireless WAN Access Technologies

• Address Ultra-low-end Sensor Segment • Very Limited Demands on Throughput, Reliability, or QoS.

• LoraWAN – For Infrequent Communication up to 128 Seconds – Longer Latency Compromises the Ability for On-demand

Commands. • Sigfox

– For Continuously Devices with Emitting Small Amounts of Data

– Electricity Meters, Smart Watches, and Washing Machines

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Satellite

• Maritime Applications and Remote Areas • Dual-mode Cellular and Satellite Devices • Primarily Low Thruput, Low Data Rate, Latency Insensitive

Applications – BW up to 492 Kbps

• Assets like Tracking and Telemetry • Burst-mode Communication and Gateway Suitable for

Mission-critical Applications

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Wireless Access Attributes Summary

Range Long Medium Small

Data Rate

High Gbps

Medium Mbps

Low Kbps

WLAN WiFi

LPWLAN WiFi HaLow

LoWPAN Bluetooth LE Zigbee

WWAN 4G/5G

LPWAN EC-GSM-IOT LTE-M NB-IOT

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Connectivity Architectures

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Use Cases for Broadband Cellular and LPWA Technologies [ATT]

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Global Mobile M2M Connections by 2G, 3G, and 4G+ [CISC1]

Connectivity: 49% by Zigbee/RFID/WiFi; 47% by 3GPP Technologies

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Concluding Remarks

• Mobile First Strategy – Wireless Needs to Perform Exactly Like Wireline

• Application Attributes are Heterogeneous Combinations of Bandwidth, Bursty Traffic, Latency, Device Density, Battery life, and Security

• Traditional and Lowe Power Options – Low-power, Short-range Networks will Dominate Wireless

IoT Connectivity Through 2025 – 5G Primary Foundation for Lowe Power WAN Connectivity

• Devices and Edge Becoming Smarter, Processing Becoming Intelligent, and Communication Becoming More Informative

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References [ATOS] Atos, Internet of Things, White paper [ATT] AT&T, What you need to know about IOT Wide Area Networks, 2016 [CISC1] CISCO Systems, Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2016–2021 White Paper, 2017 [CISC2] CISCO, The Zettabyte Era: Trends and Analysis, 2017 [ERIC] Ericsson, Cellular Networks for Massive IoT, 2016 [MALI] Malik, A, Artificial intelligence will revolutionize Wi-Fi, Networkworld.com, 2016 [ROJA] Rojas, Bill, Toward Next-Generation Access Networking Technologies in Industrial/Enterprise Internet of Things, IDC, 2015 [SAMS] Samsung Electronics Ltd., 5G Vision, 2015 [TEXA] Texas Instruments, Wireless connectivity for the Internet of Things, 2014