Chemical Bondingand Changes

• Why will two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom come together to form water?

• Why do any atoms come together?• Is there a way to predict what elements will

come together?

Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonds

Covalent

PolarNon Polar

Ionic Metallic

Intermolecular

Chemical Bonds

Covalent

Nonmetals

Ionic

Metal and a Nonmetal

Metallic

Metals

The Periodic Table is Arranged With Metals on the Left

Metals Mealloids Non-Metals

Stepped-Line Separates Metals and Non-metals

*

**

*

**

What type of bon will these elements form?1) Na and Cl2) C an O3) Mg and F4) H and Oxygen

Chemical Bonds

Covalent

Nonmetals

Valence Electrons

Shared

Ionic

Metal and a Nonmetal

Valence Electrons

Transferred

Metallic

Metals

Delocalized Valence

Electrons

Ionic Bonds

Bohr Diagrams

Lewis Dot Diagrams

NeArgon

Electrical Charges are like tiny magnets.

• Opposite Charges Attract ( + and - ) • Like Charges Repel ( + and + or - and - )

7

+ - + +- -

Electrostatic Force (Coulomb’s Law!)

Octet Rule

•Atoms try to attain the nearest noble gas configuration•Atoms will lose or gain electrons until their outermost valence shell is full.•Atoms with a full valence shell are stable.•Atoms essentially “want” 8 VEs

N O NeF

Full Octet

1s22s22p3

1s22s22p4

1s22s22p5

1s22s22p6

--

-- -

-

-

-

-

--

--

-

--

-

-+18

18 Electrons: -1818 Protons: +18Charge: 0

ARGON

18

ArArgon

40

1s22s22p63s23p6

--

-- -

-

-

-

-

--

--

--

-

-+17

17 Electrons: -1717 Protons: +17Charge: 0

Chlorine

17

ClChlorine

35.45

1s22s22p63s23p5

--

-- -

-

-

-

-

--

--

--

-

-+17

18 Electrons: -1817 Protons: +17Charge: -1

17

ClChlorine

35.45

-Chloride 1s22s22p63s23

p6

--

-- -

-

-

-

-

- -+11

11 Electrons: -1111 Protons: +11Charge: 0

11

NaSodium

23

Sodium 1s22s22p63s1

--

-- -

-

-

-

-

-+11

10 Electrons: -1011 Protons: +11Charge: +1

11

NaSodium

23

Sodium 1s22s22p63s1

--

-- -

-

-

-

-

-+10

10 Electrons: -1010 Protons: +10Charge: 0

10

NeNeon

20

Neon 1s22s22p6

--

-- -

-

-

-

-

- -+12

12 Electrons: -1212 Protons: +12Charge: 0

12

MgSodium

24.3

Magnesium 1s22s22p63s2

-

--

-- -

-

-

-

-

-+12

10 Electrons: -1012 Protons: +12Charge: +2

12

MgSodium

24.3

Magnesium 1s22s22p6

Ionic Charge

*

**

*

**

http://www.vincentsapone.com

1s0

H1+ He1s2

1s2

Li1+1s2

Be2+2s22p6

Nitride

N3-

2s22p6

Oxide

O2-

2s22p6

Fluoride

F1- Ne2s22p6

2s22p6

Na1+2s22p6

Mg2+2s22p6

Al3+3s23p6

Phosphide

P3-

3s23p6

Sulfide

S2-

3s23p6

Chloride

Cl1- Ar3s23p6

3s23p6

K1+3s23p6

Ca2+3s23p6

Sc+33s23p6

Ti+4V2+

V3+

V4+

V5+

Cr2+

Cr3+

Mn2+

Mn3+

Mn4+

Mn6+

Mn7+

4s03p6

Fe2+4s03d7

Co2+4s03d8

Ni2+

4s03d10

Cu1+3d10

Zn2+4s24p6

Selenide

Se2-

4s24p6

Bromide

Br1- Kr4s24p64s03p5

Fe3+4s03d6

Co3+4s03d9

Cu2+

4s24p6

Rb1+4s24p6

Sr2+5s04d10

Ag1+4d10

Cd2+

4d105s2

Sn2+ 5s25p6

Iodide

I1- Xe5s25p64d10

Sn4+

5s25p6

Cs1+5s25p6

Ba2+6s04f145d10

Au+14f145d10

Hg2+

4f145d106s2

Pb2+ 4f145d106s2

Bi3+ Rn6s26p65d10

Sn4+

Ions

•Atom that has lost or gained electrons•Metals lose electrons and form positive ions.•Nonmetals gain electrons and form negative ions.•Cations are positive ions.•Anions are negative ions.

Cats have paws Cations are pawsitive

Anion look like Onion Onions make you cry

Ionic Bonds

Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron

[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron

Ionic Bonds

Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron

[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron

[3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine

Ionic Bonds

Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron

[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron

[3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine

[4] Sodium becomes a cation (+) and chlorine becomes an anion (-).

+ -

Ionic Bonds

Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron

[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron

[3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine

[4] Sodium becomes a cation (+) and chlorine becomes an anion (-).

+ -

Na+ Cl-[5] The sodium ion will combine with the Chloride ion because opposites attract

Electrostatic Force!

Ionic Bonds

Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron

[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron

[3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine

[4] Sodium becomes a cation (+) and chlorine becomes an anion (-).

+ -

Na+ Cl-[5] The sodium ion will combine with the Chloride ion because opposites attract

Electrostatic Force!

Ionic Bond

Ionic Bonds

•Valence electrons are transferred.•metal and nonmetal•Metals lose electrons (cations = + charge)•Nonmetals gain electrons (anions = - charge).•Electrostatic attraction of cations and anions.

Ionic Bonds

Li F

• What happens here?• Look at the periodic table and

predict another ionic bond

Assignment

• List six cations and six anions• Draw an Illustration of an ionic bond forming between Potassium and

Fluorine.• Draw an Illustration of an ionic bond forming between Magnesium

and Chlorine• Draw an illustration of an ionic bond forming between Calcium and

Oxygen• Explain the pictures/memes on the following four slides in your

notebook.

Image 1

Image 2

Image 3

Image 4

Identify some Anions and Cations

Cations• Li+

• Na+

• K+

• Rb+

• Be2+

• Mg2+

• Al3+

Anions• F-

• Cl-

• Br-

• Rb-

• S2-

• Se2-

• P3-